土壤 (Soils), 2019, 51(2): 324 329 DOI: 10.13758/j.cnki.tr.2019.02.016 1 盐旱交叉胁迫对各施氮水平下小麦苗期的影响 1,2 1* 3 3 4 4 5 (1 264003 2 100049 3 264003 4 ( ) 264003 5 257091) 为探究不同浓度盐胁迫和水分胁迫及两者互作对小麦幼苗生理特性的影响, 于 2017 年 3 月至 5 月布置盆栽试验, 分别设置两个 NaCl 胁迫 (,NaCl 1.9 g/kg;,nacl 2.9 g/kg) 和两个水分处理水平 (W1,78% 田间持水量 ;W2,47% 田间持水量 ), 测定了冬小麦幼苗地上部和地下部干物质量 全氮 叶绿素和可溶性糖含量 结果表明 : 1 在本试验盐胁迫范围内, 单一盐胁迫下盐分含量的上升会显著抑制小麦的生长, 冬小麦各部分干重 全氮 叶绿素含量明显下降, 渗透物质可溶性糖含量会上升 ;2 低盐干旱胁迫互作改善冬小麦幼苗生长状况, 叶绿素含量 各部分干物质累积 氮积累量以及可溶性糖含量最大, 呈现出对盐旱复合胁迫的适应性 ;3 高盐干旱胁迫互作会加剧对小麦幼苗的生长限制 因此, 低盐胁迫下对冬小麦进行适度的干旱刺激可以促进小麦幼苗适应复合胁迫, 有利于小麦幼苗生长 S512.1+1 A [1] [2-4] 120 hm 2 [5] [6-8] [9] ( ) [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] 1 1.1 2016 11 (37 41 17.25 N, 118 36 03.76 E) (2017CXGC0316 2016CYJS05A01-1) NSFC- (U1806215) (2016YF17) * (xbchen@yic.ac.cn) (1992 ) E-mail 879061528@163.com
2 325-0 ~ 20 cm F1 F2 2 mm 1 28 cm 25 cm 46% 22 4.70 g ± 0.12 g 表 1 土壤基本理化性质 Table 1 Physiochemical properties of tested soil ph( / =1.. 5) (g/cm 3 ) (%) (g/kg) NO 3 -N(mg/g) NH + 4 -N(mg/g) (g/kg) F1 8.56 1.24 25.5 0.76 3.52 0.17 1.90 F2 8.62 1.26 25.7 0.78 3.47 0.20 2.90 1.2 2 2 2 8 15 N1(0.15 g/kg) N2(0.20 g/kg) 78% 47% W1 W2 (NaCl) 1.9 g/kg 2.9 g/kg 2017 3 200 g ( 0.1 g) 2 500 g 500 ml 1.63 g 300 ml 0.82 g 20% NaClO 15 min 25 ±1 24 h 2017 3 3 25 / 15 / 1 d 78% 47% 2 Table 2 表 2 冬小麦苗期指标测定 Index determination of winter wheat in seedling stage T6 665 nm 649 nm [15] T6 620 nm [16] DHZ-9140 FA1004 85 15 ~ 30 min 70 [17] SH220 KDY-9840 H 2 SO 4 -H 2 O 2 [17] 1.3 数据处理 Excel 2013 SPSS 19 2 2.1 3 W2 (W1) 14.30% 17.39% (W2) 53.81% 45.55% W2 W1 28.88% 7.39% [18]
326 51 表 3 盐分和水分对不同施氮量冬小麦苗期地上部和地下部干物质量的影响 (g/ 盆 ) Table 3 Shoot and root dry weight winter wheat in seedling stages as affected by salinity and water N1 N2 W1 1.230 c 0.945 bc 2.570 c 1.865 b 4.945 c 1.945 bc W2 2.125 b 1.100 b 3.180 b 2.060 a 5.025 c 2.245 b W1 1.200 c 0.865 cd 2.275 d 1.505 c 3.435 e 1.550 c W2 1.045 c 0.660 e 1.360 e 1.160 d 2.885 e 1.540 c W1 2.440 a 1.355 a 3.925 a 1.875 b 6.470 b 2.185 b W2 2.605 a 1.370 a 3.970 a 2.170 a 7.290 a 2.845 a W1 1.945 b 1.035 bc 2.590 c 1.720 b 4.630 cd 1.885 bc W2 1.140 c 0.685 de 2.010 d 1.520 c 4.180 d 1.600 c (P<0.05) 2.2 4 W2 (W1) 9.8% (W2) 25.82% W2 W1 28.88% (W1) [19] W2 (W1) 91.70% (W2) 25.82% W2 W1 208.49% [20] 表 4 盐分和水分对不同施氮量冬小麦苗期可溶性糖和叶绿素含量的影响 Table 4 Soluble sugar and chlorophyll contents in winter wheat in seedling stages as affected by salinity and water (mg/g) (mg/g) (mg/g) (mg/g) (mg/g) (mg/g) N1 N2 W1 0.104 1 bc 26.374 c 0.159 5 bc 52.215 f 0.243 3 bc 30.344 c W2 0.112 5 abc 73.227 b 0.184 5 ab 87.879 b 0.304 5 ab 47.729 b W1 0.094 1 c 28.648 c 0.154 8 bc 68.150 d 0.234 4 c 42.684 b W2 0.069 6 d 26.410 c 0.141 3 c 55.270 ef 0.221 9 c 33.348 c W1 0.115 5 ab 27.837 c 0.211 3 a 64.711 de 0.264 5 bc 35.561 c W2 0.126 9 a 94.004 a 0.214 7 a 122.394 a 0.344 4 a 63.287 a W1 0.103 9 bc 75.273 b 0.174 2 bc 80.990 bc 0.261 3 bc 56.990 a W2 0.101 4 bc 28.473 c 0.147 6 bc 70.398 cd 0.231 2 c 48.381 b 2.3 5 W2 (W1) 7.34% 27.55% (W2) 25.79% 60.36% W2 W1 8.02% 27.74% [21]
2 327 表 5 盐分和水分对不同施氮量冬小麦苗期地上部和地下部全氮含量影响 (mg/g) Table 5 Total N contents in shoots and roots of winter wheat in seedling stages as affected by salinity and water N1 W1 0.011 7 bc 0.013 4 d 0.019 7 cd 0.020 5 cde 0.019 7 cd 0.029 8 d W2 0.012 9 abc 0.024 6 b 0.030 7 abc 0.024 6 ab 0.025 8 abc 0.036 9 b W1 0.010 4 c 0.010 0 ef 0.019 5 cd 0.017 4 ef 0.017 2 cd 0.026 0 e W2 0.010 2 c 0.009 0 f 0.015 6 d 0.016 5 f 0.017 0 d 0.025 6 e N2 W1 0.014 2 ab 0.028 1 a 0.032 1 ab 0.022 4 bc 0.026 1 ab 0.039 2 a W2 0.015 1 a 0.028 4 a 0.039 9 a 0.025 7 a 0.028 5 a 0.040 1 a W1 0.013 6 ab 0.020 0 c 0.028 8 abc 0.020 6 cd 0.022 8 abc 0.033 4 c W2 0.010 6 b 0.012 0 de 0.025 5 bcd 0.018 2 def 0.022 5 bcd 0.030 1 d 3 [22] Sabry [23] NaCl [24] [25] (W2) [26] (W1) [27] [28] [29] [30] [31-33] [34] [35] Na + [36] [37] [38] (W1) [39] NaCl 41% 26% [40] [41] (W1) (W2) (W2)
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