カテゴリー Ⅰ 日本建築学会環境系論文集第 1 巻第 71 号,3-3, 年 3 月 J. nviron. ng., AIJ, Vol. 1 No. 71, 3-3, Mar., DOI http://doi.org/1.313/aije.1.3 広島平野における夏季日中の海風が気温分布に及ぼす影響に関する研究 - 海風による気温緩和効果の地図化を目的として - ANALYSIS ON TH FFCT OF SA BRZ ON SUMMR DIURNAL TMPRATUR DISTRIBUTION PATTRN IN HIROSHIMA PLAIN Mapping the sea breeze effects for mitigating urban warming 松尾薫 * **, 田中貴宏 Kaoru MATSUO and Takahiro TANAKA In coastal city, it is thought that the sea breeze has great influence on summer diurnal temperature distribution patterns. Understanding the spatial distribution of sea breeze effects will be helpful for making Urban nvironment Climate Maps. Consequently, this study aims at making the maps of sea breeze effect distribution using the observed data and the numerical simulation results in Hiroshima plain. The results are revealed as follows: 1) The effect of sea breeze for mitigating urban warming is relatively larger in coastal area and the effect is smaller in the inland area. ) The spatial distribution patterns of sea breeze effect for mitigating urban warming being made from the numerical calculation is similar to the one which is made from the observed temperature. 3) The temperatures in the area which are affected by sea breeze are also influenced by surrounding ventilation condition (SVC). On the other, the temperatures in the area which is not affected by sea breeze are not influenced by SVC. Keywords: urban heat island, urban environmental climate maps, temperature distribution, sea breeze, GIS GIS 1) ) 3) ) 5) ) 7)1) 11) 1) 13) 1) * ** 広島大学大学院工学研究科博士課程後期 修士 ( 工学 ) 日本学術振興会特別研究員 (DC) 広島大学大学院工学研究科准教授 博士 ( 工学 ) Grad. Stud., Graduate School of ngineering, Hiroshima University, Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Assoc. Prof., Graduate School of ngineering, Hiroshima University, Dr. ng. 3
1 ᑠᏛ 䠎 㡢ᑠᏛ 䠏 ᕷ༡ᑠᏛ 䠐 ඵᖭᑠᏛ 䠑 ⲡὠᑠᏛ 䠒 㒊༡ᑠᏛ 䠓 ⴠ ᮾᑠᏛ 䠔 㐨 ᖜဨ 䢳䢵䢰䢲䣯௨ 䢷䢰䢷䣯௨ 䢳䢵䢰䢲䣯ᮍ 1.5 1.5 3 3 1 1 ) ᯝ ጇᙜᛶ ウࡍ Ⅼࠋ ᆅⅬ 䠍 㛗᮰すᑠᏛ 䠕 ᕝᑠᏛ 䠍䠌 㔝ᑠᏛ 䠍䠍 㟷ᓮᑠᏛ 䠍䠎 ಖᑠᏛ 䠍䠏 ᅬᑠᏛ 䠍䠐 ᡞᆏᑠᏛ 䠍䠑 ᕞᑠᏛ 䠍䠒 ᏱရᮾᑠᏛ 䠍䠓 ᒣᑠᏛ 䠍䠔 ᑠᏛ 䠍䠕 ᮾ㔝ᑠᏛ 䠎䠌 ᑠᏛ 䠎䠍 ᑠᏛ 䠎䠎 ᱵᯘᑠᏛ 䠎䠏 ᮾᑠᏛ 䠎䠐 ཎ༡ᑠᏛ 䠎䠑 ᕝෆᑠᏛ ᅗ㸯 ᗈᓥᕷ Ẽ Ⅼ 㸧 㢼 ࡋ ቃ Ẽ ᯝ ᙳ㡪 ウ Ⅼࠋ ᗈᓥᆅᇦ Ẽ 㛵ࡋ ࠊࡇ Ẽ Ꮫศ㔝ࠊᘓ Ꮫศ㔝 ᐑ 1)ࡀࠊᗈᓥ ἢᓊᆅᇦ ᑐ ࠊᖺ㛫 ࡌࡓᾏ㝣㢼 ᐇ ࡋ ࠋ ࡓᘓ Ꮫศ㔝 ࠊΎ 1)ࡀᗈᓥ ᕷ ࡑ ᆅᇦ ᑐ ࠊẼ どᒁ 㢼 ࢱ㸦 Ẽởᰁᖖ ࢱ 㸧 ࡋࠊᾏ㢼 Ẽ ᯝ ࡋ ࠋࡋ ࡋࠊᗈᓥᖹ㔝 㒔ᕷᇦ ᑐ ᾏ㢼 ᯝ ᆅᅗ 䠎䠒 Ⲩ ᑠᏛ 䠎䠓 ᴋ㑣ᑠᏛ 䠎䠔 ᏳᑠᏛ 䠎䠕 ᑿ㛗ᑠᏛ 䠏䠌 ᐇᑠᏛ 䠏䠍 ༡㡢ᑠᏛ 䠏䠎 ᑠᏛ 䠏䠏 ᗈ ᑠᏛ 䠏䠐 ᓥᑠᏛ 䠏䠑 ᓥᮾᑠᏛ 䠏䠒 ᓥᑠᏛ 䠏䠓 ᓥᑠᏛ 䠏䠔 ᑠᏛ 䠏䠕 㛗᮰ᑠᏛ ࡗࡓ ぢ ࠋ 㸰㸬 ᴫせ -1㸬ᑐ ᆅ ᴫせ ᮏ ᗈᓥᖹ㔝 ᑐ ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 1㸧ࠋᆅᙧ ᚩ ࡋ ࠊኴ ᕝ ᙧᡂࡉ ࡓ ࢱᆅᙧ ࡋ ࠊࡑ ࢱᖹ㔝 ᅖ ᮾ㒊ࠊす㒊ࠊ 㒊 ᒣᆅ 㝠ᆅࡀᗈࡀ ࠋ ࡓ༡ ᡞෆᾏ ᥋ࡋ ࠋᗈᇦ ぢ ࠊࡇ ᆅᇦ ᅜᒣᆅ ᅄᅜ ᒣᆅ ᅖ ࡓ 㢼㸦Ꮨ 㢼 㸧ࡀᙅࡃࠊᾏ㝣㢼ࡀ ࡃ Ⅼ 㐩ࡍ ᆅᇦ ࡉ 1)ࠋཧ ࡋ ࠊᗈᓥᕷ ᇶ 㸯 ࢱ ศ㢮᪉ἲ ࡑ ᯝ ィ ࢱ㸦ᗈᓥᕷ ィ 㸦ᖹᡂ 5 ᖺᗘ㸧㸧 ௨ ࡍࠋ 㠃 㸸5.7[] 㢼ἣ䝟䝍䞊䞁 ศ㢮᮲ 䝟䝍䞊䞁㻭 ᾏ㢼䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛺䛔 㻔㻞 䠅 䞉㻝㻟 䡚㻝㻢 䛾㛫䛻㻟 㛫௨ ᾏᐤ䜚䛾 㢼䛜䛺䛔䚹 㻥 㻡 䚸㻥 㻝㻣 䝟䝍䞊䞁㻮 ᾏ㢼䛜 䛟䛜 㝣㢼䛿 䛛䛺䛔 㻔㻟 䠅 䞉㻝㻟 䡚㻝㻢 䛾㛫䛻㻟 㛫௨ ᾏᐤ䜚䛾 㢼䛜䛒䜛䚹 䞉㻟 䡚㻢 䛾㛫䛻㻟 㛫௨ 㝣ᐤ䜚䛾㢼 䛜䛺䛔䚹 㻣 㻞㻠 䚸㻣 㻞㻡 䚸㻤 㻥 䞉㻝㻟 䡚㻝㻢 䛾㛫䛻㻟 㛫௨ ᾏᐤ䜚䛾 㢼䛜䛒䜛䚹 䞉㻟 䡚㻢 䛻㻟 㛫௨ 㝣ᐤ䜚䛾㢼䛜䛒 䜛䚹 㻣 㻞㻜 䚸㻣 㻞㻝 䚸㻣 㻞㻞 䚸㻣 㻞㻢 㻣 㻟㻝 䚸㻤 㻢 䚸㻤 㻣 䚸㻤 㻤 䚸 㻤 㻝㻜 䚸㻤 㻝㻝 䚸㻤 㻝㻞 䚸㻤 㻝㻟 㻤 㻝㻠 䚸㻤 㻝㻡 䚸㻤 㻝㻢 䚸㻤 㻝㻣 㻤 㻝㻤 䚸㻤 㻝㻥 䚸㻤 㻞㻜 䚸㻤 㻞㻝 㻤 㻞㻣 䚸㻤 㻞㻤 䚸㻥 㻝㻜 䚸㻥 㻝㻟 㻥 㻝㻠 䚸㻥 㻝㻥 䚸㻥 㻞㻜 䚸㻥 㻞㻝 㻥 㻞㻞 䚸㻥 㻞㻟 䝟䝍䞊䞁㻯 ᾏ㝣㢼ᚠ 䛜ぢ䜙䜜䜛 䠄 ᆺ ᾏ㢼 䠅 䠄㻟㻜 䠅 ᇦ㸦Ẽ ࡃࡘ ㄪᰝ ࡀ ࡁࡓࠋ Ẽ Ꮫศ㔝 ࠊ 3) ᗈᇦ㸦ᗈᓥᖹ㔝 ᇦ 㸧 ᾏ㢼 ᯝ 㐪 ࡀࠊ ヱᙜ䛩䜛 㸸1,,[ ] ᐦᗘ㸸13.1[ 㸭ha] ୡᖏ 㸸53,[ୡᖏ] -㸬Ẽ ᴫせ ᗈᓥᖹ㔝 ᇦ Ẽ ศᕸ ᢕᥱࡍ ࡓ ࠊᅗ 1 ࡍᗈᓥᖹ㔝 ෆ ᑠᏛ 3 ᆅⅬ㸦ᅗ 1㸧 ⴥ ࠊ ࢱ ࡁ ࢧ ὀ 1) タ ࡋࠊẼ 㛗ᮇከⅬ ࡗࡓࠋ ᗘࢭ ᮇ㛫 13 ᖺ 7 3 ࡋࠊ ᐃ㛫㝸 ศ ࡋࡓࠋ ࢢ ࡗࡓ )ࡀ ࠋࡋ ࡋࠊᮏ ᑐ ࡍ ᗈᓥᖹ㔝 㠃 ࡀẚ ᑠࡉ ࢱᖹ㔝 ࠊෆ㝣㒊 ᾏ㢼 -3㸬 ὶ ᮏ ࠊ௨ ᡭ㡰 㐍 ࡓࠋḟ❶௨㝆 ࠊࡇ ᪉ἲ ௨እ 㢼 ࠊ㢼 ᾏ㢼 ᯝ ᆅᅗ 㞴ࡋ ᯝ ࡘ ࠊࡑ ࡒ グࡍࠋ ࠋ ࡓ ィ ᯝ ࡋࠊ㢧 ᨭᵓ㐀 㛫ศ 1) Ẽ ᕸ ࡋࡓ )17) ࡀ ࡀࠊࡇ ศᕸ ๓ ᾏ㢼 ᯝ㸦ᾏ 㢼 㠀ᾏ㢼 Ẽ ᕪ㸧 㔜 ࡏ ࡇ ࠊࡑ ࢱ ࢯẼ ィ ᯝ ࡋࠊᾏ㢼 ᯝ ᆅᅗ ࡇ ࡋࠊලయ ௨ 3 Ⅼ ࡇ ᾏ㢼 㠀ᾏ㢼 Ẽ ᕪ ᾏ㢼 ᯝ ࡋࠊࡑ ศᕸᢕᥱ ࠋ ) ィ ࡓᾏ㢼 ᯝ ᆅᅗ 㸸 ࢯẼ WRF ࡏ ࠊ1) ᯝ ẚ ᾏ㢼 ᯝᆅᅗ ドࠊ㢧 ὶ 㔞 ศᯒ ᾏ㢼 ᯝ ᐃ㔞 ᢕᥱ ࠋ 3) Ẽ 㢼 ࡋ ቃ 㛵㐃ศᯒ㸦ᾏ㢼 ᯝ ᑠ 㸧㸸ᾏ㢼 ᯝ ᆅᅗ ࠊᑐ ᆅ ᾏ㢼 ᯝ ࡁ ᆅᇦ ᑠࡉ ᆅᇦ ࡋࡓࠋ 1) Ẽ ࢱ ࡓᾏ㢼 ᯝ ศᕸᢕᥱ㸸 1 ᵝࠊ ィ ᯝ 㠃 ᾏ㢼 ᯝ ᆅᅗ ࠋ ࡓ ࢬ ᢕᥱࡍ ࡇ ᛮ ࠋ ௨ ᬒ ࠊᮏ ᗈᓥᖹ㔝 ᑐ ࠊẼ ࢱ ࡓᾏ㢼 ᯝ ศᕸᢕᥱ ศࡅࠊࡑ ᑠ ࠊẼ 㢼 ࡋ ቃ 㛵㐃ศᯒ ࠋ ) ࢯẼ ィ ᯝ ࡓᾏ㢼 ᯝ ᆅᅗ ࡇ ࠊᗈᇦ ᾏ㢼 ᯝ 㐪 ࡀࠊ ᇦ 㢼 ࡋ ቃ Ẽ 3) ᾏ㢼 ᯝ 㐪 ࡀࠊẼ ᯝ ᙳ㡪 ウࡍ ࠋ 㢼 ࡋ ቃ 㛵㐃 ᙳ㡪 ศᯒ ࠊᮏ ௨ Ⅼ ᚩࡀ ࠋ ) 1) ᡭἲ ィ ᯝ ᛂ ࡋࠊᾏ㢼 ᯝ ᆅᅗ 㠃 Ⅼࠋ ) ᯝ 1) ࢱ ᾏ㢼 ᯝ ศᕸᆅᅗ ẚ ࡋࠊ 㸱㸬Ẽ ࢱ ࡓᾏ㢼 ᯝ ศᕸᢕᥱ 3-1㸬ኟᏘᬕኳ ᢳฟ ᗈᓥᆅ᪉Ẽ Ẽ ࢱ ࠊኟᏘᬕኳ ᢳฟ ࡗࡓࠋ ࠊᢳฟ᮲ ௨ ࡘ ࡋࡓὀ )ࠋ
1 㝆Ỉ㔞ࡀ 1mm ᮍ ࠋ 㛫ࡀ 㛫 㸣௨ ࠋ 䝟䝍䞊䞁A ࡀ 3Υ௨ ࠋ 㧗Ẽ 35 ኳẼࡀ㞵 ࠋ 3 Ẽ 䠄Υ䠅 3䠖 ᕷ༡ ࡇ ᮲ ࠊẼ 䠖 㒊༡ 3䠖 ᓥ 5 㛗ᮇከⅬ ᮇ㛫 㸦13 ᖺ 7 㹼 3 㸧 ࠊኟᏘᬕኳ ࡋ 35 ࡀᢳ 5䠖ᕝෆ ฟࡉ ࡓࠋ 3䠖 3-㸬ኟᏘᬕኳ 㢼ἣ ࢱ ศ㢮 ࡎࠊ 1 ᥦ ࡉ ᾏ㝣㢼 ᐃᡭἲ ཧ ࠊ 1 ซ 䛾 䛿ᅗ㻝䛻ᑐᛂ 1 3 5 7 1 11 1 13 1 17 1 1 1 3 ࡍศ㢮᮲ సᡂࡋࡓࠋḟ ࠊࡇ ᮲ ኟᏘᬕኳ 35 ศ 䠷h䠹 㢼 ࢱ㸦ᗈᓥᆅ᪉Ẽ ࠊẖṇ 㸧 㐺 ࡋࠊ 㢼 ࡁ ᪉㸦㢼 㛫ኚ 㸧 㢼ἣ ࢱ ศ㢮 ࡗࡓࠋ ࠊ 䝟䝍䞊䞁B 1 ࠕᾏᐤ 㢼 ࠕᾏ 㢼 㸦༡༡す㸧 ᚰ ࡋ 35 ࡓ 1 ᗘᮍ ᅖ ࡃ㢼 ࠊࠕ㝣ᐤ 㢼 ࠕ㝣 㢼 3 䠄Υ䠅 䠖 㒊༡ ᐃ ࡋࡓὀ 3)ࠋࡇ ศ㢮 ᯝ ࠊኟᏘᬕኳ ࢱ C㸦ᾏ 5䠖ᕝෆ 3䠖 ᓥ 5 㝣㢼ᚠ ࡀぢ 㸦 ᆺ ᾏ㢼 㸧㸧ࡀከ ࡇ ࡀ ࠋ 3䠖 ḟ ࠊᾏᓊ 㞳㸦௨ ࠊᾏᓊ 㞳㸧ࡀ 5 ᆅⅬ ࢱ ᅗ ࡍࠋ ࠊ5 ᆅⅬ ᾏᓊ 㞳 ᖹᆒẼ ซ 䛾 䛿ᅗ㻝䛻ᑐᛂ 1 3 5 7 1 11 1 13 1 17 1 1 1 3 ࡑ ࡒ ᕷ༡.3ࠊ ᓥ.ࠊ 11.ࠊᕝෆ 13.ࠊ 䠷h䠹 㒊༡ 1.3 ࠋࡇ ᅗ ࠊ ࢱ B C ᾏᓊ 㞳ࡀ ࡋ Ẽ 䝟䝍䞊䞁C ࡅ ࠊᆅⅬ㛫Ẽ 3 ᕪ ࠊᾏ㢼 ᯝ ᥎ᐹࡉ ࠋ 䠄Υ䠅 3䠖 ᕷ༡ 䠖 㒊༡ 㸰 & ࠊ& ศ㢮᪉ἲ ࡑ ᯝ 5䠖ᕝෆ 3䠖 ᓥ 3䠖 ซ 䛾 䛿ᅗ㻝䛻ᑐᛂ 1 3 5 7 1 11 1 13 1 17 1 1 1 3 䠷h䠹 ᅗ㸰 ᾏᓊ 㞳ࡀ ᆅⅬ ᖹᆒẼ ศ㢮᮲ ヱᙜ䛩䜛 䝟䝍䞊䞁㻯㻙㻝 ᾏᐤ䜚䛾㢼䛜 Ẽ䛻 䛟 䠄㻝㻥 䠅 䞉ἢᓊ㒊䛻 䛩䜛 Ẽᖖ どᒁ䠄 ᑠᏛ 䠅䛻䛚䛔䛶㢼 㻝㻚㻜㼙㻛㼟௨ 䛾 ᾏᐤ䜚䛾㢼䛜 䛔䛯ᚋ䚸㻝 㛫௨ෆ䛻䚸 㻟ᆅⅬ䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸㢼 㻝㻚㻜㼙㻛㼟௨ 䛾ᾏ ᐤ䜚䛾㢼䛜 䛟 䚹 㻣 㻞㻜 䚸㻣 㻞㻝 䚸㻣 㻞㻞 䚸㻣 㻞㻢 䚸 㻣 㻟㻝 䚸㻤 㻢 䚸㻤 㻣 䚸㻤 㻤 䚸 㻤 㻝㻜 䚸㻤 㻝㻟 䚸㻤 㻝㻡 䚸㻤 㻝㻢 䚸 㻤 㻝㻣 䚸㻤 㻝㻤 䚸㻤 㻝㻥 䚸㻤 㻞㻜 䚸 㻤 㻞㻝 䚸㻥 㻝㻥 䚸㻥 㻞㻜 䝟䝍䞊䞁㻯㻙㻞 ᾏᐤ䜚䛾㢼䛜 ᚎ䚻䛻 䛟 䠄㻝㻝 䠅 䞉ἢᓊ㒊䛻 䛩䜛 Ẽᖖ どᒁ䠄 ᑠᏛ 䠅䛻䛚䛔䛶㢼 㻝㻚㻜㼙㻛㼟௨ 䛾 ᾏᐤ䜚䛾㢼䛜 䛔䛯ᚋ䚸 㻟ᆅⅬ䛻䛚䛔 䛶䚸㢼 㻝㻚㻜㼙㻛㼟௨ 䛾ᾏᐤ䜚䛾㢼䛜 䛟 䜎䛷㻞 㛫௨ 䛛䛛䜛 䚹 㻤 㻝㻝 䚸㻤 㻝㻞 䚸㻤 㻝㻠 䚸㻤 㻞㻣 䚸 㻤 㻞㻤 䚸㻥 㻝㻜 䚸㻥 㻝㻟 䚸㻥 㻝㻠 䚸 㻥 㻞㻝 䚸㻥 㻞㻞 䚸㻥 㻞㻟 㸦㢼ἣ ࢱ 㸧 䢻 1.5 3 䢳䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢵䢰䢲 1 1.5 3 䢳䢲 1.5 3 1 1 䢳䢳 1.5 3 1 1 䢳䢴 1.5 3 䢳䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢵䢰䢲 䢳䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢵䢰䢲 䢳䢴 1.5 3 䢳䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢵䢰䢲 䢳䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢵䢰䢲 1 䢳䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢵䢰䢲 1 1.5 3 䢳䢳 䢳䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢵䢰䢲 䢳䢲 1.5 3 䢻 㢼ἣ䝟䝍䞊䞁 5 Ẽ ࡀప ഴ ࡀぢ ࠋ ᪉ࠊ ࢱ A ࡑ ഴ ぢ ࠋ ࢱ B C 35 Ẽ 㸦 ᮾ㸧 ᚰ ࡋࡓ 1 ᗘᮍ ᅖ ࡃ㢼 ࡑ ࡒ 3䠖 ᕷ༡ 䢳䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢵䢰䢲 1 Ẽởᰁᖖ どᒁ 㸦ࠊᏳబ ༡ ᙺᡤࠊ 㒊ᑠᏛ 㸧 ࢱ ࠋ ࠊ 㛫 㐣 ἢ ᓊ㒊 㡰 ᾏᐤ 㢼ࡀ ࡁጞ ࠊ ᆅⅬ ᾏᐤ 㢼ࡀ ࡃࠋ ᪉ࠊ ࠊ ᆅ Ⅼ ᾏᐤ 㢼ࡀ ࡁጞ ࠋ ᅗ㸱 ࢱ & 㢼 ࡁ᪉ 㸦 ࠊ 㸧 5
1 1.5 㛵..5..75 䢢䢵䢰䢷 䢢䢯䢢䢴䢰䢲 䢵䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢶䢰䢲 䢴䢰䢳䢢䢯䢢䢴䢰䢷 䢶䢰䢳䢢䢯䢢䢶䢰䢷 䢴䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢵䢰䢲 䢶䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢 䣝儵儣兠兗䣅䢯䢳僔Ẽ 䣟凟䣝儵儣兠兗䣃僔Ẽ 䣟凚䰳凛凚䢳䢳䢼䢲䢲凛 1 11 1 13 1 17 1 1 䠷h䠹 ᅗ㸳 ࢱ & ࠊ& ᾏ㢼 ᯝ 㛵 1 1 䢳䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢴䢰䢷 䢢䢵䢰䢷 䢢䢯䢢䢴䢰䢲 䢴䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢵䢰䢷 䢵䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢶䢰䢲 䢴䢰䢳䢢䢯䢢䢴䢰䢷 䢵䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢶䢰䢷 䢶䢰䢳䢢䢯䢢䢶䢰䢷 䢴䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢵䢰䢲 䢶䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢 䢶䢰䢸䢢䢯 䣟凟 䣝儵儣兠兗䣃僔Ẽ 䣟凚䰳凛凚䢴䢲䢳䢵凛 䣝儵儣兠兗䣅僔Ẽ 䣟凟䣝儵儣兠兗䣃僔Ẽ 䢢䢵䢰䢷 䢢䢯䢢䢴䢰䢲 䢵䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢶䢰䢲 䢴䢰䢳䢢䢯䢢䢴䢰䢷 䢶䢰䢳䢢䢯䢢䢶䢰䢷 䢴䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢵䢰䢲 䢶䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢 䣝儵儣兠兗䣅䢯䢳僔Ẽ 䣟凟䣝儵儣兠兗䣃僔Ẽ 䣟凚䰳凛凚䢳䢶䢼䢲䢲凛 1 ᅗ㸴 ᖺ ࢱ & ᾏ㢼 ᯝศᕸ㸦 㸸 㸧ὀ ࡉ ࠊᅗ 3 ࡍ ࠊ ࢱ C ࠊᾏᐤ 㢼ࡀἢᓊ㒊 ᚎࠎ ෆ㝣 ධ ࠊᖹ㔝ෆ 㛫ᕪ ࡃ ᵝ ࡁጞ ࢱ ࡀぢ ࡓࠋࡑࡇ ࠊ ࢱ C 㸦 3 㸧 ࡉ ศ㢮ࡍ ࡓ ࠊ ศ㢮᮲ సᡂࡋࡓࠋ Ẽởᰁᖖ どᒁ㸦ࠊࠊ㸧 ὀ ) 㢼 㢼 ࢱ ࠊࡇ ᮲ 㐺 ࡋࠊ ࢱ C C-1ࠊ C- ศ㢮ࡋࡓࠋࡑ ᯝࠊ ࢱ C-1 1 ࠊ ࢱ C- 11 ࡀࡑ ࡒ ヱᙜࡋࡓࠋ 3-3㸬ᾏ㢼 ᯝ ศᕸ 1 ᡭἲ ཧ ࠊ 䢢䢵䢰䢷 䢢䢯䢢䢴䢰䢲 䢵䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢶䢰䢲 䢴䢰䢳䢢䢯䢢䢴䢰䢷 䢶䢰䢳䢢䢯䢢䢶䢰䢷 䢴䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢵䢰䢲 䢶䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢 䣝儵儣兠兗䣅䢯䢴僔Ẽ 䣟凟䣝儵儣兠兗䣃僔Ẽ 䣟凚䰳凛凚䢳䢳䢼䢲䢲凛 1 ࢱ A㸧 ᖹᆒẼ Ⅼࡈ ࢱ C-1 㠀ᾏ㢼 㸦 ᕪ㸦[ ࢱ C-1]㸫[ ࢱ A]㸧 ồ ࠊࡇ ᾏ㢼 ᯝ ࡋࡓࠋ ᵝ ࢱ C- ࡘ ᾏ㢼 ᯝ ฟࡋࡓࠋ ࢱ C-1ࠊC- ࡑ ࡒ ࡘ ࠊ11 1 ᾏ㢼 ᯝ ᅗ ࡍࠋࡇ ᅗ ࠊ ࡎ ࢱ ἢᓊ㒊 ᾏ㢼 ᯝࡀ ࡁ ࡇ ࡀศ ࠋ ࡓ 11 ࠊ ࢱ C-1 ෆ㝣㒊 1m/s ௨ 㢼ࡀ ࡃ 㛫ᖏࠊ ࢱ C- ෆ㝣㒊 㢼ࡀ ぢ 㛫ᖏ ࡓ ࡀࠊC-1ࠊC- ᾏ㢼 ᯝ ศᕸഴ 㸦ἢᓊ㒊ࡀ 㸧 ࡁ 㐪 ぢ 㸦 㛵.㸧ࠋ ࡇ ࡇ ࠊ ࢱ C-1 11 㡭 ෆ㝣㒊 ࡃ㢼 Ẽ ᯝ ᑠࡉࡃࠊᾏ㢼 㢼 ὀ )ࠋ ࢱ C-1ࠊC- ᾏ㢼 ᯝ 㛵 ᅗ 5 ࡍࠋࡇ 䢢䢵䢰䢷 䢢䢯䢢䢴䢰䢲 䢵䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢶䢰䢲 䢴䢰䢳䢢䢯䢢䢴䢰䢷 䢶䢰䢳䢢䢯䢢䢶䢰䢷 䢴䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢵䢰䢲 䢶䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢 䣝儵儣兠兗䣅䢯䢴僔Ẽ 䣟凟䣝儵儣兠兗䣃僔Ẽ 䣟凚䰳凛凚䢳䢶䢼䢲䢲凛 ᅗ㸲 ࢱ & ࠊ& ᾏ㢼 ᯝ ศᕸ ᅗ ࠊ ࡎ 㛫ᖏ 㛵 㧗ࡃࠊẼ ᯝ ࡘ ࠊ ࢱ C-1ࠊC- 㐪 ࡃࠊ ᢅࡗ ὀ ࡁ ၥ㢟 ࠋࡑࡇ ࢱ C ࢱ ࠊᾏ㢼 ᯝ ศᕸᅗ సᡂࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ ὀ 7)) ࡋ 1
㸱 ィ ᮲ 㖄 ᱁Ꮚ Ỉᖹ᱁Ꮚ 㻰㼛㼙㼍㼕㼚㻝䠖㻟㼗㼙䠄㻝㻞㻜㽢㻝㻞㻜᱁Ꮚ䠅䚸㻰㼛㼙㼍㼕㼚㻞䠖㻝㼗㼙䠄㻝㻜㻟㽢㻝㻜㻟᱁Ꮚ䠅 Ẽ 䝕䞊䝍 Ẽ ᗇ䝯䝋ᐈゎᯒ 䠄㻟 㛫㛫㝸䚸㻝㻜㼗㼙᱁Ꮚ䚸㻞㻜ᒙ䠅 㻯㻱㻼 ゎᯒ ᐈゎᯒ䝕䞊䝍䠄㻢 㛫㛫㝸䚸㻝㼻᱁Ꮚ䚸㻝㻣ᒙ䠅 ᅵᆅ䝕䞊䝍 ᅵᆅ 䝕䞊䝍 㞼 㐣 ᨺᑕ㐣 ᆅ 㠃 㐣 Ἴ 㻹㻹㻡䠄㻰㼡㼐㼔㼕㼍䠅 㻿㼔㼛㼞㼠㼣㼍㼢㼑 㠀㒔ᕷᇦ 㞼䝟䝷䝯䝍䝸䝊䞊䝅䝵䞁 㻠ḟඖ 1 1 RMS㸦Υ㸧 㻙㻜㻚㻡㻣 㻜㻚㻝㻟 㻙㻜㻚㻝㻡 㻝 㻞 㻟 㻠 㻡 㻢 㻣 Ẽởᰁ ᖖ ど ᐃᡤ Ẽ ᐇᑠᏛ ᑠᏛ కᑠᏛ ᮌᑠᏛ 㻙㻜㻚㻞㻟 㻙㻜㻚㻞㻤 㻙㻜㻚㻤㻞 㻜㻚㻠㻣 㻙㻜㻚㻞㻣 㻜㻚㻜㻢 㻜㻚㻟㻡 㻹㼑㼘㼘㼛㼞㻙㼅㼍㼙㼍㼐㼍㻙㻶㼍㼚㼖㼕㼏 㻼㻮㻸 % 5% 㼁㼞㼎㼍㼚㻌㻯㼍㼚㼛㼜㼥㻌㻹㼛㼐㼑㼘 䠄㼁㻯㻹䠅 3% % 㼛㼍㼔㻌㻸㻿㻹 % 䛺䛧 1% 1% 䛺䛧 % % 'RPDLQ 'RPDLQ % ィ ᒸᒣ ᒸᒣ ᅗ㸷 ᗈᓥ ᗈᓥ # 㤶ᕝ 㤶ᕝ # ẚ 㸦㢼 㸧 # # # # # ᚨᓥ ᚨᓥ ឡ ឡ 㻜㻚㻤㻟 㻜㻚㻡㻢 㻜㻚㻡㻡 㻜㻚㻡㻞 㻜㻚㻡㻠 㻜㻚㻢㻣 㻜㻚㻡㻟 3% ᒣ ᒣ Correlation 'RPDLQ ᓥ ᓥ ప䢢䢼䢢䢳 ప䢢䢼䢢䢳 ᒸ ᒸ 㻜㻚㻥㻞 㻜㻚㻥㻞 㻜㻚㻥㻢 㻜㻚㻤㻝 㻝㻚㻜㻡 㻝㻚㻟㻡 㻝㻚㻞㻜 㻝㻚㻝㻝 㻜㻚㻤㻡 㻝㻚㻝㻜 㫽 㫽 㧗䢢䢼䢢䢳䢷䢺䢳䢸 㧗䢢䢼䢢䢳䢷䢺䢳䢸 Correlation 㻝㻚㻝㻟 㻝㻚㻣㻤 㻜㻚㻥㻟 Bias㸦㼙㻛㼟㸧 RMS㸦㼙㻛㼟㸧 Ⅼ 㻼㼡㼞㼐㼡㼑㻌㻸㼕㼚㻌㼟㼏㼔㼑㼙㼑 㻾㼍㼜㼕㼐㻌㻾㼍㼐㼕㼍㼠㼕㼢㼑 㼀㼞㼍㼚㼟㼒㼑㼞㻌㻹㼛㼐㼑㼘㻌䠄㻾㻾㼀㻹䠅 㻸㼛㼚㼓㼣㼍㼢㼑 㒔ᕷᇦ ᑠᏛ ᗈᓥ ᅜᅵ ሗ䠄 㛫ゎ ᗘ 㻞㻡㻜㼙䠅 ᅜᅵ ሗ䠄 㛫ゎ ᗘ 㻝㻜㻜㼙䠅 ᅜᅵ ሗ㒔ᕷᆅᇦᅵᆅ ศ䝯䝑䝅䝳䝕䞊䝍 䠄 㛫ゎ ᗘ㻝㻜㻜㼙䠅 ᗈᓥᕷ䛾㒔ᕷィ ᇶ ㄪᰝ䛾ᘓ 䝕䞊䝍 㻭㼞㼏㻌㻳㻵㻿㻌䝕䞊䝍䝁䝺䜽䝅䝵䞁䠄㻱㻿㻾㻵㻌䝆䝱䝟䞁䠄 䠅䠅䛾ᘓ 䝕䞊䝍 ቃ 䛾 Ꮡ ᅗ 㛗Ἴ Ẽቃ ᒙ㐣 Bias㸦Υ㸧 㻟 㻣 㻤 Ẽởᰁ ᖖ ど ᐃᡤ Ẽ ࠊ 㢼 㸧 Ⅼ ᅗ ᅗ ᑐᛂ Ⅼ 㻞㻤ᒙ䠄ᆅ 䡚㻝㻜㻜㼔㻼㼍䠅 ᶆ㧗䝕䞊䝍 ẚ 㸦 Ẽ 㻞㻜㻝㻟ᖺ㻤 㻠 䡚㻞㻜㻝㻟ᖺ㻤 㻝㻣 㻞㻜㻝㻟ᖺ㻤 㻟㻜 䡚㻞㻜㻝㻟ᖺ㻥 㻝㻞 ィ ᮇ㛫 㸲 㸦UCM㸧 ࡓ ࠊࠕ㒔ᕷ ᅵᆅ ศ 3 ศ 㢮 ࡋࡓࠋලయ ࠊ ࡎᅜᅵ ሗ 㒔ᕷ ศ ࢩ 㧗 㧗 బ㈡ బ㈡ ࢱ ࠊࠕ㧗ᒙᘓ ࠊࠕపᒙᘓ 㸦ᐦ㞟ᆅ㸧 ࠊࠕపᒙᘓ ࠊࠕ Ẽ ศ ศ # ᮏ ᮏ Ẽởᰁᖖ ど 5 1 3 ᐃᡤ ᅗ㸵 ィ ᑐ 㡿ᇦ㸦ᕥ 'RPDLQ ࠊ 'RPDLQ 㸧 ᅵᆅ 㠃 ࢩ ฟࡋࠊḟ ࠊࡑ 㠃 ኚ ࡋࡓࢡ ࢫࢱ ศᯒ ࠊ ࢩ 3 ࡘ ࢦ ศ㢮ࡋࡓὀ )ࠋ ࠊḟ ௨㝆 ศᯒ ࠊDomain ᑐ 㡿ᇦ ࡋࠊ 1 㹼 㸦 ࢱ C㸧 5 㸦 ࢱ A㸧 ࢱ ࡇ ࡋࡓࠋ -㸬ィ ᗘ ㄆ ィ ᯝᴫせ ࡎࠊᮏ ࡅ ィ ᗘ ㄆ ࡓ ࠊ ィ ᯝ ᆅ凚䢺䢹凛 ₅ ᆅ凚䢴䢴䢲凛 3 ࡋ ࠊ Ẽở ᐃᡤ ᗈᓥᆅ᪉Ẽ 㸦ᅗ 7㸧 1 㛫 㸦Ẽ ᰁᖖ ど ΰ ᯘ凚䢹䢹䢴䢻凛 㢼 㸧 ࡓࠋලయ ௨ BiasࠊRMSࠊCorrelation Ỉᇦ凚䢳䢻䢲䢷凛 3 ࡘ ᣦᶆ ࠊẼ 㒔ᕷ凚పᐦ凛凚䢴䢴䢻凛 5 1 ẚ ࡗࡓࠋ ᗘ ㄆ ⲡᆅ凚䢻凛 ẟ凡 僯僐 凚䢶凛 㒔ᕷ凚 ᐦ凛凚䢳䢺䢸凛 㒔ᕷ凚㧗ᐦ凛凚䢵䢷凛 ᅗ㸶 ᅵᆅ ࢱ㸦ᣓᘼෆ ࢩ 㸧 ሺ ݏ ܤ ሻ ͳ ͳ ݑ ௬ ݑ ௫ ሺͳሻ ଵ -1㸬 ィ ᮲ ଵ ͳ ଶ ሺ ܧ ܯ ሻ ඩ ൫ ݑ ௬ ݑ ௫ ൯ ሺʹሻ ሺ ݐ ݎݎ ܥ ሻ 㸲㸬 ィ ࡓᾏ㢼 ᯝ ᆅᅗ ͳ തതത௫ ሻ൫ ݑ ௬ തതതത௬ ൯Ȁߪ ߪ ሺ ሻ ሺ ݑ ௫ ଵ 㸦N: ࢧ ࠊuxi: ) ᮏ ࠊ ࢯẼ WRF version 3..1 ARW ࡓࠋ 㸦3 ᆅⅬ㸧ࠊ㢼 㸦7 ᆅⅬ㸧 ẚ ࡗࡓࠋ ᯝ ࡍࠋ ଵ ࡍ㸧ࠋ ࠊ㢼 തതതത ࠊuyi: ィ ࠊ : തതതത ᖹᆒࠊ ௬ : ィ ィ ᮲ 3ࠊィ ᑐ 㡿ᇦ ᅗ 7 ࡑ ࡒ ࡍࠋ ࢫ ᖹᆒࠊߪ : ᶆ ೫ᕪࠊߪ : ィ ᶆ ೫ᕪ㸧 ࢢᡭἲ ࠊDomain 1 ゎ ᗘ 3 1 1 ᱁ᏊࠊDomain ᯝ 㒊 ᥖ 㸧ࠋࡇ ᯝ ࠊィ ᯝ ゎ ᗘ 1 13 13 ᱁Ꮚ ࡋࡓࠋィ ᮇ㛫 ࠊ ࢱ C ࡀ ᑠࡉ ࡋࡓࠋ ᐃᮇ㛫 ࡃᮇ㛫 1㸦13 ᖺ 㹼17 㸧ࠊ ࢱ A ࡀ ḟ ࠊᅗ 1 ィ ᯝ 㒊 13 㸦 ࢱ C㸧ࠊ ᮇ㛫 㸦13 ᖺ 3 㹼 1 㸧 ࡘ ࡋࡓࠋධຊ 5 㸦 ࢱ A㸧 1 Ẽ 㸦ᆅ m㸧ࠊ㢼 㢼 ࡓᅵᆅ ࢱ ᅗ ࡍࠋᆅ 㠃㐣 㒔ᕷ 㸦ᆅ 1m㸧 Ỉᖹศᕸ ࡑ ࡒ ࡍࠋ 13 Ẽ ࡓ㢼 㸦7 ᆅⅬ㸧 ࡘ 㢼㓄ᅗ ẚ ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ ᕪ ᴫ ศᕸ ࡘ 7
.5.5 5 1 1.5.5 5 1 1.5 5 1.5 5 1 1.5.5 5 7.5 1..5..75.7.5..55.5 1 11 1 13 1 17 1 1 h 1 5 13 1) -3 5m C [ C] [ A] 11 1 11 1 1.5.5 5 7.5 1
MJ/ MJ/ MJ/.5..3..1.1 1 11 1 13 1 17 1 1 h..3..5. 1 11 1 13 1 17 1 1 h..... 1 1. 13 1. 1 11 1 13 1 17 1 1 h..... 1 1. 1 1. 1 11 1 13 1 17 1 1 h..... 1 1. 5 1. 3 C 1 11 1 13 11) - 17 C 1 13 3-3 ) -5 11 IIII 13 C-1 1 C- 1 1 Q c SH Q g SH Q adv SH SH: MJ/m C p : J/kgK : kg/m 3 : KZ g : mz top : mn: 1K m m 13 C-1 1 C- C-1C- I II 1 III.1.MJ/m C-1 A 17 A C-1 C- 3 A 11
ᚰ ࡋࡓ ᗘ㒊ศ㸧 ᢳฟࡋࠊᡪᙧ ࢦ సᡂࡍ ࠋࡑ ᚋࠊࢫ ᢞᙳ ࠊࡇ ᡪᙧ ࢦ ษ ࢫ ࢫ ࠋ㸦ᅗ 1d㸧 ) ௨ ᘧ ᘓ 㐽ⶸ ィ ࡍ ࠋ 㸦 ᐃ᪉ ༡༡す ࡋࡓሙ 㸧 Ⅼ U P K P D ࢦ ܣ ༡༡す ሺ ሻ ͳͳͳ ሺ ሻ 㸦 ܣ ༡༡す : ᘓ 㐽ⶸ 㸦㸣㸧ࠊ : ᡪᙧ ࢦ 㠃 㸦m㸧ࠊ : ༡༡す᪉ ࢫ ᢞᙳ㠃 㸦m㸧㸧 ࢫ ᢞᙳ㠃 ᮏ ࠊ ᐃ᪉ ᾏ㢼᪉ ༡༡す ࡋࠊ ᚄ r=5ࠊ 75ࠊ1m 㧗ࡉ h㸻5ࠊ1ࠊm ࡏ ィ ࢱ ᘓ 㐽ⶸ ฟࡋࡓࠋ ḟ ࠊᅗ 11 ᑐ ᆅ ࠕᾏ㢼 ᯝ㸫 ࠕᾏ㢼 ᯝ㸫ᑠ F ᚰゅ ᗘ ศ ᆅᇦ ศࡅ㸦ቃ 㸸.5 C㸧ࠊࡑ ࡒ ᆅᇦ ᒓࡍ G ᅗ㸯㸶 ᘓ 㐽ⶸ ᴫᛕᅗ ฟࡋࡓࠋ ࠊศᯒᑐ 1 㹼 㸦 ィ ᮇ㛫 㛵. ࠊ ࡘ ࢱ C ヱᙜ㸧 ࡋࠊᘓ 㐽ⶸ ࡘ.5 Ẽ. ࠕᾏ㢼 ᯝ㸫 ᆅⅬࠊ ࠕᾏ㢼 ᯝ㸫ᑠ 1 ᆅⅬ ὀ 1)13) ᥇ ࡋࡓࠋ ࡓࠊ Ⅼࡀ ᅗ 1 ࡍࠋᖹ㔝༡㒊 ࠕᾏ㢼 ᯝ㸫 ࠊᘓ 㐽ⶸ Ẽ 㸦1 㸧 㛫 ṇ 㛵ࡀ ࡀࠊᖹ㔝 㒊 ࠕᾏ㢼 ᯝ.1 㸫ᑠ ࡑ ഴ ぢ ࠋࡇ ᯝ ࠊᾏ㢼 ᯝ ᾏ㢼 ᯝͲ ࡁ ᖹ㔝༡㒊 ༡༡す ᘓ 㐽ⶸ ࡀ㧗 Ẽ ᾏ㢼 ᯝͲᑠ 1 11 1 13 1 ᅗ㸯㸷 ᘓ 㐽ⶸ Ẽ ࡑ ࡒ ሙᡤ Ẽ ࡇ ࠊᘓ 㓄 ᕤኵ 㢼 ࡋᨵၿ ࡀ ᆅ ᇦ ࠊࡑ ᆅᇦࡀ ࠊᗈᓥᖹ㔝 ᖹ㔝༡㒊 ࡑ 㸦 㸧 㛵 ᯝࡀ ࡁ ࠋ ࠊ 㛵 ኚ ࠊ ᾏ㢼 ᙉࡉ 㐪 ࡀࠊࡇ Ⅼ ศᯒ 㢼 ࡋ ቃ 㛵㐃ศᯒ㸦ᾏ㢼 ᯝ ᑠ 㸧 ࡀ㧗ࡃ ࡀࠊ 㒊 ᘓ 㐽ⶸ ᙳ㡪ࡀẚ ᑠࡉ ࠋࡇ 䖃:5䠂Ỉ 䛷 ព䚸䕿:1䠂Ỉ 䛷 ព ࠊᗈᇦ ᾏ㢼 ᯝ ᙳ㡪 ࡅ ࡀࠊࡑ ᚋ ㄢ㢟 ࡋࡓ ࠋ Ⅼ ᒁᆅ 㢼 ࡋ ቃ ᙳ㡪 ࡅ ࠋࡑࡇ ࠊࡇࡇ ࠕᘓ 㐽ⶸ ) ᣦᶆ ࠊ ࡇ 1 Ẽ 㸴㸬 ᮏ ᡂᯝ ௨ グࡍࠋ ࢱ 㛵㐃ศᯒ ࠊᾏ㢼 ᯝ㸦1 㸧 1) ࡀ ࡁ ᆅᇦ ᑠࡉ ᆅᇦ ศࡅ ࡇ ࡋࡓࠋ ᘓ 㐽ⶸ ࠊẼ ᗘᘓ 㐽 ࠊࡑ ᗘ ࡍᣦᶆ ࠊGIS 3D ศ 1) ࠕ㧗ࡉ ᒓᛶ ࡁ ᘓ ࢱ㸦 ࢦ 㸧 ࠊ ࢱ ᾏ㢼 ᯝ ᵝ 㛫ศᕸ ࡇ ࡋࡓࠋ 3) Ⅼ ࠊ ᚄ r[m] ࢦ సᡂࡋࠊࡇ 㧗ࡉ ௦ ࢩ 㢧 ὶ㔞 ኚ ᢕᥱࡋࡓࠋࡑ ᯝࠊ ᾏ㢼 㠀ᾏ㢼 Ẽ h[m] ࡕ ࡆ ࠋ㸦ᅗ 1a㸧 3) 1) ࡕ ࡆࡓᘓ ࢱ ࠊ ࢯẼ WRF ࡓ ィ ࠊᾏ㢼 ᯝ ᆅ ᅗ ࡗࡓࠋࡑ ᯝࠊẼ Ⅼ ࢱ 㧗ࡉ 1.5m 㓄 ࡍ ࠋ㸦ᅗ 1a㸧 ࠊ㠀ᾏ㢼 ᾏ㢼 ᖹᆒẼ ᯝࡀᑠࡉ ࡇ ࡋࡓࠋ ࢱ㸦 㸧 ഛࡋࠊᘓ ࢱ ࠕ㧗ࡉ ࡕ ࡆࠊ ἢᓊ㒊 ᾏ㢼 ᯝࡀ ࡁ ࡇ ࠊ ๓ ෆ㝣㒊 ࡃ㢼 Ẽ ) ἲ ௨ ࡑ ࡒ グࡍࠋ ᗈᓥᖹ㔝 ᑐ Ẽ ᕪ ᾏ㢼 ᯝ 㛫ศᕸ ᢕᥱࡋࡓࠋࡑ ᯝࠊ Ⅼࡀ ᐃ ᪉ ᑐࡋ ࠊ ᯒᶵ ฟࡉ ࠋᘓ 㐽ⶸ ᴫᛕᅗ ᅗ 1 ࠊ ฟ᪉ ) 㛵ࡀ ぢ ࡓ r=1ࠊh=5 ࡑ ࡒ ᒓࡋ ࠋ ᯝ ពỈ 㸦 㛵 ᐃ ᯝ㸧.3. 㸳㸬Ẽ Ⅼ ࢱ ࠊᆅᇦ Ẽ 㸦1 㸧 ᘓ 㐽ⶸ 㛵 ᕪ ศᕸ ࠊᾏ㢼 ᙧᡂࡉ ࡇ ࡀ ၀ࡉ ࡓࠋ Ⅼ ぢ ࡋ ) ᘓ 㐽ⶸ ࡓศᯒ ࠊᾏ㢼 ᯝ ࡁ 㸦ࢫ 㸧 సᡂࡍ ࠋࡑ ᚋࠊ ࡕ ࡆࡓ 㢼 ࡋ ቃࡀࠊࡑ ሙᡤ Ẽ ࢦ ࠊ ࡘࢫ ධ 㡿ᇦ య ࡍ ᯝ ᑠࡉ 㢼 ࡋ ቃ ᙳ㡪 ࡁࡃ ࡇ 㸦ࢫ సᡂ㸧ࠋ㸦ᅗ 1aࠊb㸧 ࡀ ၀ࡉ ࡓࠋ ) ࢫ ᆅ ᢞᙳࡋࡓ సᡂࡍ 㸦ࢫ ᢞᙳ㠃 ฟ㸧ࠋ㸦ᅗ 1c㸧 5) Ⅼ ࡓ ࢦ ᐃ᪉ 㒊ศ㸦 ᐃ᪉ ᙳ㡪 ཬ ࡍࡀࠊᾏ㢼 ᮏ ࠊ ᐃ 㛫 ᑐ ᾏ㢼 ᯝ ᆅᅗ ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 11㸧 ࡀࠊィ ᣦ㔪ᅗ సᡂ Ⅼ ࠊ 㛫 ᾏ㢼 ᯝ ࡋࡓᾏ㢼 ᯝᆅᅗ సᡂ ᚲせ ࠋ 1 ᾏ
1 Ẽ ᕪ凚䰳凛.5 䢢䢯䢢䢸䢰䢲 䢸䢰䢳䢢䢯䢢䢹䢰䢲 䢹䢰䢳䢢䢯䢢䢺䢰䢲 䢺䢰䢳䢢䢯䢢..5 㛵..75.7.5. 13.55 5.5 1 1.5 1.5.5.5 55 7.5 7.5 ᅗ㸰㸱 Ẽ 1 1 ᅗ㸰㸮 ᾏ㢼 ᯝᆅᅗ 1 11 1 1 13 1 17 1 1 䠷h䠹 ィ ᯝ 㛵 䢢䢯䢢䢲䢰䢴䢲 䢲䢰䢴䢳䢢䢯䢢䢲䢰䢶䢲 䢲䢰䢶䢳䢢䢯䢢䢲䢰䢸䢲 䢲䢰䢸䢳䢢䢯䢢䢲䢰䢺䢲 䢢䢯䢢䢵䢵䢰䢲 䢢䢯䢢䢴䢻䢰䢷 䢵䢢䢵䢵䢰䢷 䢴䢻䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢵䢲䢰䢲 䢵䢵䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢵䢶䢰䢲 䢵䢲䢰䢳䢢䢯䢢䢵䢲䢰䢷 䢵䢶䢰䢳䢢䢯䢢䢵䢶䢰䢷 䢵䢲䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢵䢳䢰䢲 䢵䢶䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢 䢵䢳䢰䢳䢢䢯䢢 儵儣兠兗䣅僔Ẽ 凚䰳凛凚䢳䢶䢼䢲䢲凛 儵儣兠兗䣃僔Ẽ 䢲䢰䢺䢳䢢䢯䢢 ᘓ 㐽ⶸ 凚䣴䢿䢳䢲䢲傎䣪䢿䢷凛 1 ᅗ㸰㸲 ᘓ 㐽ⶸ 㸦U ࠊK 㸧 ศᕸ 㢼 㠀ᾏ㢼 Ẽ ᕪ㸦1 Ẽ ᕪࡀ 㛫 ᖏ 㸧 ᖹᆒ ࠊ ᾏ㢼 ᯝᆅᅗ సᡂࡋ ࠋ ヨస ࡋ ࠊᮏ ィ ᯝ ࡇ ᵝ ᾏ㢼 ᯝᆅᅗ సᡂࡋ ᅗ ᆅᅗ ࡀࠊࡇ ᆅᅗ ࠊ㒔ᕷ ቃẼ ᅗ㸦ィ ᣦ㔪ᅗ㸧 సᡂࡍ ᡭἲ 㛤 ࡀ ᚋ ㄢ㢟 ࡋ ᣲࡆ ࠋ ࡓࠊᒣ㛫㒊 ࡅ Ẽ ศᕸ ᙧᡂせᅉ ᢕᥱ ᚲせ ࠋ 䢢䢯䢢䢵䢵䢰䢲 䢵䢢䢵䢵䢰䢷 䢵䢵䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢䢵䢶䢰䢲 䢵䢶䢰䢳䢢䢯䢢䢵䢶䢰䢷 ㅰ 䢵䢶䢰䢸䢢䢯䢢 儵儣兠兗䣅僔Ẽ 凚䰳凛凚䢳䢶䢼䢲䢲凛 ᅗ㸰㸯 ᖺ ࢱ $ ࢱ & Ẽ ศᕸ㸦 㸧 1 ༠ຊ ࡓࡔ ࡓࠋࡉ Ẽ 㝿ࡋ ࠊᗈᓥᕷᩍ ጤဨ ࠊ ㅰព ࡍࠋ 䣟凟 䣝儵儣兠兗䣃僔Ẽ 䣟凚䰳凛凚䢴䢲䢳䢴凛 䣝儵儣兠兗䣅僔Ẽ 䣟凟䣝儵儣兠兗䣃僔Ẽ ᗈᓥᕷෆ ᑠᏛ ᪉ࠎ ࡈ༠ຊ ࡓࡔ ࡓࠋࡇࡇ グࡋ 䢢䢯䢢䢯䢳䢰䢷 䢯䢳䢰䢶䢢䢯䢢䢯䢳䢰䢲 䢯䢲䢰䢻䢢䢯䢢䢯䢲䢰䢷 䢯䢲䢰䢶䢢䢯䢢䢲䢰䢲 䢲䢰䢳䢢䢯 㸦5㸧 ᡂ ࡅࡓ ࠋ ࡓࠊᮏ 㐍 ࡓ ࠊᗈᓥᕷ ቃᒁ ቃᨻ ㄢࠊ㒔ᕷ ഛᒁ㒔ᕷィ ㄢ ᪉ࠎ ࡈ ᮏ 53 ᅇ➉ ⱥ ᘓ ᡂࠊ JSPS ᅗ㸰㸰 ᖺ ࢱ & ᾏ㢼 ᯝศᕸ㸦 㸸 㸧 ὀ ὀ1㸧ᮏ ࠊ3 㢮 ࢱ ࡁ ᗘࢭ ࢧ ࡗࡓ㸦 ಶ: Jr. TR-5 T&D ࠊ1 ಶ: TR-7U T&D ࠊ ಶ: ࢧ ࢥ ࢲ RS-11 ࢫ ࢡ 㸧ࠋ ࠊ3 㢮 ᐃჾ ࡓ ࠊᜏ ᵴ ࡓჾᕪ ṇ ࡗ ࡓࠋ ὀ㸧ᮏ ࠊẼ ᗇ ᬕ ࠊ㝆Ỉ ࠊ ኟ ᐃ ཧ ࠊ ኟᏘᬕኳ ᢳฟ᮲ సᡂࡋࡓࠋ ࠊᬕ ࠊ㝆Ỉ ࠊ ኟ ᐃ ௨ ࠋ ᬕ 㸸 㛫ࡀ 㛫 㸣௨ ࠋ 㝆Ỉ 㸸 㝆Ỉ㔞 1mm ௨ ࠋ ኟ 㸸 㧗Ẽ ࡀ 3 C ௨ ࠋ 1
3 3 1.m 1.m 3.m.m 3.m.m 5 C A 7 A C 1 1 13 A 1 13 1 1 13 13 1 17 1 1 51 1 13 51 13 A 5 B 5 C 1 3 W/m mmm W/m : Arc GIS SRI mmm: Arc GIS SRI : 1 13 5 3 Domain 11 C 1r1h5 13 r h r1h5 5) ) 7) 1pp.7-11.1 ) 1pp.3-3.1 ) 3pp.13-.1 1) pp.-3.1 11) 173pp.7-11. 1) 1pp.1-5. 13) GIS()pp.11-1. 1) 3pp.3-.1 ) 1 3pp.55-51. ) MAP pp.5-. 17) pp.75-71.3. 1) 1 1) 57pp.5-515.1 ) Skamarock, W.C., Klemp, JB., Dudhia, J., Gill, D.O., Barker, D.M., Duda, M.G., Huang, X. Y., Wang,W., Powers., J.G.: A Description of Advanced Research WRF Version3, NCAR/TN-75+STR,. 1) Takane, Y., Ohashi, Y., Kusaka, H., Shigeta, Y., Kikegawa, Y.: ffects of Synoptic-Scale Wind under the Typical Summer Pressure Pattern on the Mesoscale High-Temperature vents in the Osaka and Kyoto Urban Areas by the WRF Model, Journal of Applied Meteorology and climatology, 5, pp.17-177, 13. ) GIS pp.1-131.1 1) 7 ) 3) ) 11
ANALYSIS ON TH FFCT OF SA BRZ ON SUMMR DIURNAL TMPRATUR DISTRIBUTION PATTRN IN HIROSHIMA PLAIN Mapping the sea breeze effects for mitigating urban warming Kaoru MATSUO * and Takahiro TANAKA ** * Grad. Stud., Graduate School of ngineering, Hiroshima University, Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science ** Assoc. Prof., Graduate School of ngineering, Hiroshima University, Dr. ng. Urban warming which is due to urban heat island phenomenon and global warming has negative effects on the comfortability of outdoor environment, the health of inhabitants, the energy consumption for cooling and the urban ecosystem. Consequently, Urban nvironmental Climate Maps (UCMs) are proposed as one of the decision support tools for the mitigating urban warming. UCMs can be used when stakeholders (citizen, planner, architect, specialist, and so on.) make decision on urban planning, architecture design, and environmental policy making. Actually, UCMs consists of a Climate Analysis Map (CAM) and a Hint Map for Urban Planning and Design (HM). About the HM, it is effective to indicate the recommendations and climatic resources for each zone which is classified from a climatic perspective. For making this map, at first, it is necessary to understand the factors of spatial temperature distribution patterns and classify into the zones based on the factors. In coastal city, it is thought that the sea breeze has great influence on summer diurnal temperature distribution patterns. Understanding the spatial distribution of sea breeze effects will be helpful for making UCMs. Consequently, this study aims at making the maps of sea breeze effect distribution using the observed data and the results of numerical simulations in Hiroshima plain. This study progressed via the following steps: 1) Understanding the sea breeze effect distribution using the observed temperatures of 3 points. ) Making the map of the sea breeze effect distribution using the meso-scale meteorological model. 3) Analyzing the relationship between the observed temperature and the surrounding ventilation condition. The results are revealed as follows: 1) The observed temperature differences between the days that land and sea breeze blow and the days that sea breeze doesn t blow show that the effect of sea breeze for mitigating urban warming is relatively larger in coastal area and the effect is smaller in the inland area. ) The map of sea breeze effect for mitigating urban warming, which is made from the results of numerical calculation by using the meso-scale meteorological model, WRF, shows that the spatial distribution patterns of sea breeze effect being made from the numerical calculation is similar to the one which is made from the observed temperature. 3) Time series of sensible heat advection in typical meshes show that the temperature difference pattern between the days that land and sea breeze blow and the days that sea breeze doesn t blow is influenced by sea breeze. ) Analyzing the relationship between observed temperatures and surrounding ventilation conditions shows that the temperatures in the area which are also affected by sea breeze is influenced by surrounding ventilation condition. On the other, the temperature in the area which is not affected by sea breeze is not influenced by surrounding ventilation condition. ( 年 月 1 日原稿受理, 年 11 月 3 日採用決定 ) 3