1. 亞洲傳統發酵食品中植物性乳酸菌之新應用 2. 日本的植物性乳酸菌相關商品之開發背景與趨勢 3. 植物來源功能性乳酸菌之篩選及應用 4. 植物性乳酸菌之特性與應用
植物性乳酸菌 - 乳酸菌有葷 素之分? 細菌本來就是和動 植物分屬不同的 域 (domain), 所以乳酸菌根本沒有葷素之分 但是最近, 植物性乳酸菌卻在日本爆紅, 可果美的 LaBre 龜甲萬的 LacVeg 大塚的野菜戰士等, 都在競爭激烈的乳酸菌市場打下輝煌戰績我們目前尚無法由生理生化 遺傳 基因等特性上, 明確分辨植物性與動物性乳酸菌, 而且許多乳酸菌, 如 Lactobacillus brevis, 在動物或植物的環境都存在, 又如 L. plantarum, 顧名思義一定是植物性乳酸菌, 但卻常在動物糞便中分離得到, 因為它會隨著植物食物進入腸道
Milk (Dairy)-derived L. delbrueckii ss. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus, etc. Intestine-derived L. casei, L. fermentum, L. gasseri, L. johnsonii, L. rhamnosus, L. reuteri, L. salivarius, etc. Plant materials-derived L. casei, L. plantarum, L. brevis, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Tetragenococcus etc
來源蔬菜醱酵 菌種 L. plantarum, L. brevis, L. casei, Leuc. mesenteroides, Ped. pentosaceus, Tetragempcopccis halophilus 大豆醱酵 穀類醱酵 T. halophilus L. sakei, L. plantarum, L. sanfranciscensis Leuc. mesenteroides, Ped. pentosaceus, 果汁 樹液 L. plantarum, L. casei, Ped. pentosaceus, Oenococcus oeni 草食獸糞 L. vaccinostercus
Diversity of lactic acid bacteria in stinky tofu fermented broths and evaluation of their potential in immune modulation Shiou Huei Chao ( 趙秀慧 ), Yi Chen Lu ( 呂宜蓁 ), Koichi Watanabe ( 渡邊幸一 ), Ying Chieh Tsai ( 蔡英傑 蔡英傑 )
LAB comparison in three different sampling places 深坑彰化秀水北縣泰山 Lactobacillus curvatus Lactobacillus curvatus Enterococcus hermanniensis Leuconostoc citreum Lactobacillus fermentum Lactobacillus brevis Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides Lactobacillus kefiri Lactobacillus buchneri Weissella confusa Lactobacillus mucosae Lactobacillus cripatus Weissella soli Lactobacillus plantarum Lactobacillus curvatus Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides Lactobacillus delbrueckii Weissella soli Lactobacillus farciminis Lactobacillus fermentum Lactobacillus pantheris Diversity of lactic acid bacteria in fermented brines used to make stinky tofu. SH Chao, Y Tomii, K Watanabe, and YC Tsai. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 123:134-41, 2008 Lactobacillus salivarius Lactobacillus vaccinostercus Lactococcus lactis ss. lactis Lactococcus lactis ss. cremoris Leuconostoc carnosum Leuconostoc citreum Leuconostoc fallax Leuconostoc lactis Leuconostoc mesenteroides Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides Pediococcus acidilactici Streptococcus bovis Streptococcus macedonicus Weissella cibaria Weissella confusa Weissella paramesenteroides Weissella soli
Fu-tsai ( 福菜 ) and Suan-tsai ( 酸菜 )
Sampling points Lactobacillus alimentarius Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus coryniformis Lactobacillus farciminis Lactobacillus farciminis Lactobacillus hammesii Lactobacillus namurensis Lactobacillus namurensis Lactobacillus plantarum Lactobacillus versmoldensis Leuconostoc citreum Leuconostoc mesenteroides Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides Enterococcus faecalis Pediococcus pentosaceus Weissella cibaria Weissella paramesenteroides Number of species isolated Total bacterial number Mu 3.8 10 1 7.6 10 1 7.6 10 1 3.8 10 1 4.9 10 2 3.8 10 2 1.9 10 2 1.1 10 2 3.8 10 2 1.5 10 2 2.3 10 2 11 2.2 10 3 Su 1.1 10 5 2.4 10 3 4.0 10 6 1.0 10 6 4 5.1 10 10 6 F1 6.9 10 4 6.9 10 4 1.6 10 5 1.8 10 4 3.2 10 5 3.7 10 5 6 1.0 10 10 6 F2 1.0 10 1 1.0 10 1 2.0 10 1 7.1 10 2 4 7.5 10 2 F3 1.6 10 4 2.4 10 3 4.7 10 3 2.4 10 3 1.1 10 5 1.1 10 2 6 1.3 10 10 5
6000 5000 IL-12, IL-10 IL-12 IL-10 4000 3000 2000 1000 control LPS C1 C2C3 C4 C6C7 C8 C9D10 D12 D13D14 D15 D16D18 D19 D20D21 D22 D23D24 D25 A3 A4A7 A9 A19A20 B3 B19B33 0 Strain No. Fig. Cytokine secretion effect (IL-12 and IL-10) of different LAB species on cell line RAW 264.7. ( LPS was used as control mitrogen) Cytokine secretion level equvalence % of LPS
control LGG C1C2 C3 C4C6 C7 C8C9 D10 D12D13 D14 D15D16 D18 D19D20 D21 D22D23 D24 D25A3 A4 A7A9 A19 A20B3 B19 B33 800 TNF-α IL-6 Strain No. 600 400 200 0 Fig. The cytokine secretion effect (TNF-α and IL-6) of different LAB species on cell line RAW 264.7. (LGG was used as control mitrogen) Cytokine secretion level equvalence % of LGG Cytokine secretion (% of LGG)
Cytokine IL-12 secretion level(pg/ml) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 1.00E+06 CFU/mL 1.00E+07 CFU/mL 1.00E+08 CFU/mL 1.00E+09 CFU/mL LGG C4 D16 D23 Strains No. Fig. Cytokine IL-12 secretion by RAW264.7 after exposure to different concentration of LGG, C4, D16 and D23.
SH Chao, Y Tomii, M Sasamoto, J Fujimoto, YC Tsai, K Watanabe Lactobacillus capillatus sp. nov., a motile Lactobacillus species isolated from stinky tofu brine Int. J. Sys. Evo. Microbiol. In press 2008
Kikkoman Ped. pentosaceus, Tetragenococcus halophilus
IFN IgE Mouse splenocyte system: Increase gamma-interferon and IL-12, decrease IgE and IL-4
WHY? 植物性乳酸菌 1. 植物環境的微生物族群和動物環境大不相同, 而且較為複雜 2. 植物環境充滿高濃度的植物殺菌物質, 如單寧酸 生物鹼等 3. 植物環境的營養素成份種類與濃度都變化多端, 所以動物性乳酸菌多半只能利用乳糖, 而植物性乳酸菌被鍛鍊得葡萄糖 果糖 蔗糖等都來者不拒, 對胺基酸 維生素的需求也較低 植物性乳酸菌如此複雜多變的植物環境中, 長期演化的結果, 使得它們表現許多獨特的性質, 而且對環境的耐受性相對較高, 以標準的植物性乳酸菌 L. plantarum 而言, 它的基因體長度超過三百萬 bp, 而一般的乳酸菌, 如 L. acidophilus 就只有約 2 百萬 bp, 因為前者需要更多的基因, 才能應付較複雜的植物環境
Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 3,308,274 bp (44.5%) Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 1,992,676 bp (34.6%) Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM 1,993,564 bp (34.7%) Streptococcus thermophilus LMG18311 1,796,846 bp (39%) CNRZ1066 1,796,226 bp (39%) Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705 2,256,646 bp (60%)
為什麼植物性乳酸菌相關產品, 近年來會這麼受民眾注目重視? 植物性乳酸菌較頑強的特性, 使得他們比較能夠通過胃酸膽鹽的考驗, 活著到達腸道 細胞表層較為複雜多變, 可能因此而可以表現較特殊, 較強力的生理活性, 例如強化免疫系統, 吸附致癌毒物 對抗病毒病菌等 文化上的認同感, 也許是最重要的推手, 我們東方人就是習慣於植物性飲食, 我們的口味, 我們的腸道, 都被訓練得喜歡植物性食品, 於是當植物性乳酸菌推出時, 很快就得到民眾由衷的共鳴與喜好 Asian Probiotics Western Probiotics
1. 亞洲傳統發酵食品中植物性乳酸菌之新應用 2. 日本的植物性乳酸菌相關商品之開發背景與趨勢 3. 植物來源功能性乳酸菌之篩選及應用 4. 植物性乳酸菌之特性與應用
亞洲乳酸菌學會聯盟 Asian Federation of Societies for Lactic Acid Bacteria www.afslab.org 成立.. 2002 年 11 月會員..中國 印度 印尼 日本 韓國 馬來西亞 蒙古 菲律賓 新加坡 台灣 泰國 越南 Asian Conference of LAB (ACLAB- 5): 2009, Singapore, Prof. Yuan-Kun Lee, National Singapore University 2008, Aug : Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Prof. Demberel Shirchin
L. brevis
LAB and Human LAB were born long ago, have evolved and grow at various niche (plants, animals etc.) Man appeared on earth (5 million years ago) Man ate various things and encountered nice naturally fermented foods by LAB. LAB inhabited human GI tract Mimicked the fermentation. (cheese, yogurt, pickles, wine etc.) Application in Foods Symbiosis evolution with human Health Effects 明治乳業佐佐木隆博士
WHY? 植物性乳酸菌 我們目前尚無法由生理生化 遺傳 基因等特性上, 明確分辨植物性與動物性乳酸菌, 而且許多乳酸菌, 如 Lactobacillus brevis, 在動物或植物的環境都存在, 又如 L. plantarum, 顧名思義一定是植物性乳酸菌, 但卻常在動物糞便中分離得到, 因為它會隨著植物食物進入腸道