土壤 (Soils), 2015, 47(2): 400 407 DOI: 10.13758/j.cnki.tr.2015.02.031 1 红壤坡耕地不同植物篱配置模式减流减沙效益对比 1,2 1* 1 1,2 1,2 1 (1 ( ) 210008 2 100049) 3 ( ) 3 (1 2 3 ) 4 (1 +2 1 +2 1 +2 1 +1 ) 1 2 S157.2 18.2 3.6 20% 70% 6.7% 28.3% [1] [2] ( ) [3] [4] 5 [5] 2 [6] 4 [7] 4 [8] 6 (2011BAD31B04-2) (41101253) * (yliang@issas.ac.cn) (1989 ) E-mail: jqyuan@issas.ac.cn
2 401 [9] [10] 1 1.1 (116 55 E 28 12 N) 17.6 1 766 mm 50% 4 6 3 ~ 15 35 ~ 60 m [11] 3 50 cm 1.3 m 3 2012 4 6 15 cm 30 cm 20 cm [12] 5.9 m 5 m 3 4 1 1 表 1 不同植物篱模式下的植物生长状况 Table 1 Growth conditions of different hedgerows (cm) (cm) (%) 1 30 20 15 5 20 2 25 20 15 6 45 3 75 30 15 6 80 1 160 60 30 12 65 2 160 60 40 12 90 3 170 70 40 10 100 1 35 12 35 2 50 15 70 3 50 12 90 1 + 2 60 1 + 2 70 1 + 1 50 1 + 2 70 1 m 2 1.2 2013 6 3 ( ) 3 (1 2 3 ) 4 (1 +2 1 +2 1 +2 1 +1 )
402 47 2 28 1 m 1 m 3 25 cm 10 cm 15 cm 15 cm 1 m 50 cm 30 cm Covert Jordan [13] 4 6 m 4 50 cm 3 m 1 Spraying system Fulljet Fulljet 1/2HH-50WSQ 3 m 40 kpa [14] 1 m 2 80% 图 1 微区人工模拟降雨试验设计图 Fig. 1 Design scheme of artificial rainfall in micro-plot 1.3 2 ( 20 cm ) ( 20 cm ) 0 ~ 20 cm 0 ~ 30 cm 2 500 g [15] 100 ml (g/cm 3 ) (g/kg) (g/kg) (g/kg) 40 kpa 1 min 500 ml 30 min 43.5 L 2 2.1 ( 2) > > 3 >2 >1 16% 14%
2 403 Table 2 (g/kg) 表 2 不同植物篱模式下土壤理化性质 Physical and chemical properties of different hedgerows (g/kg) (g/kg) (g/cm 3 ) 1 195.40 18.65 1.42 391.60 320.80 287.60 2 199.20 17.68 1.37 358.40 346.40 295.20 3 213.50 18.40 1.34 316.20 360.00 323.80 1 211.90 17.42 1.39 375.60 342.80 281.60 2 254.60 16.50 1.32 370.20 341.40 288.40 3 288.60 17.78 1.16 385.00 303.60 311.40 1 195.90 12.35 1.41 387.60 343.20 269.20 2 217.10 15.88 1.41 400.90 316.80 282.30 3 207.10 16.18 1.20 341.00 321.20 337.80 1 + 2 212.20 12.00 1.25 385.60 316.80 297.60 1 + 2 214.60 11.27 1.28 272.40 417.60 310.00 1 + 1 196.90 15.68 1.31 364.80 340.00 295.20 1 + 2 297.20 14.45 1.18 325.60 347.20 327.20 195.10 11.18 1.50 291.40 399.80 308.80 2.2 2.2.1 ( 3) 3 3 1 2 4 13 2 3 3 表 3 初始产流时间的相关性分析 Table 3 Correlation analysis of initial runoff-yielding time 0.017 0.545* 0.604* * P 0.05 13 ( 2) 3 (1 +2 1 +2 1 +2 1 +2 1 +1 1 +1 1 +2 1 +2 ) 图 2 不同模式植物篱的初始产流时间分析 Fig. 2 Runoff-yielding time of different hedgerows 2.2.2 P = 0.013 0.05 2 3 2
404 47 P = 0.747 4 1 42.48 L 2 26.23 L 2.39 L 2.2.3 13 ( 3) 表 4 不同模式植物篱的总产流量 (L) Table 4 Total runoffs of different hedgerows 1 +2 1 +2 1 +1 1 +2 1 37.88 42.48 30.78 2 26.23 5.80 9.30 9.75 3 9.79 3.27 7.29 4.24 6.14 2.39 图 3 不同模式植物篱的时段产流强度过程线 Fig. 3 Curves of flow rates of different hedgerows 3 3 1 2 3 2 3 1 2 3 3 1 +2 2.3 2.3.1 P = 0.017 0.05
2 405 2 3 P = 0.842 ( 5) 2.3.2 4 13 表 5 不同模式植物篱的总侵蚀量 (g) Table 5 Sediment yields of different hedgerows 1 +2 1 +2 1 +1 1 +2 1 83.39 71.48 128.18 2 40.76 1.88 8.74 4.87 3 25.15 5.43 3.68 6.11 5.15 0.75 图 4 不同模式植物篱的时段土壤产沙强度过程线 Fig. 4 Curves of sediment rates of different hedgerows 8 ~ 10 min 2 3 1 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 1 +2 3 8 ~ 14 min 18 ~ 22 min
406 47 2.4 3 2 3 1 +2 ( 5) Fig. 5 图 5 优选植物篱模式产流产沙比较 Comparison of runoffs and sediment rates between preference modes 1 +2 3 2 3 3 1 +2 2 3 3 1 + 2 4 1) 2) 2 3 2 3) [1]. 2007 [N].
2 407, 2009. http://www.cnscm.org/jcgg/qgstbcjcgg/ jcgg_2007.aspx [2],,. [J]., 2006, 25(4): 369 374 [3],,,. [J]., 2013(6): 84 87 [4]. [D]. :, 2011 [5],,,,. [J]., 2003, 29(4): 368 374 [6],,,. [J]., 2009, 28(3): 633 638 [7],. [J]., 2010, 38(6): 3 015 3 016, 3 047 [8]. [D]. :, 2011 [9],,. [J]., 2006, 4(4): 14 18 [10],,. [J]., 2014, 12(4): 14 20 [11],,,. 137 Cs [J]., 2002, 9(1): 121 125 [12],,,. [J]., 1999, 5(2): 23 29 [13] Covert A, Jordan P. A portable rainfall simulator: Techniques for understanding the effects of rainfall on soil erodibility[j]. Watershed Management Bulletin, 2009, 13: 5 9 [14] Meyer LD, Harmon WC. Multiple intensity rainfall simulator for erosion research on row sideslopes[j]. Transactions of the ASAE, 1979, 22: 100 103 [15]. [M]. :, 1978 Comparison of Benefits of Runoff and Sediment Reduction of Different Hedgerow Configuration Modes in Red-soil Hilly Area YUAN Jiu-qin 1,2, LIANG Yin 1*, CAO Long-xi 1, LU Hui-zhong 1,2, ZHU Ya-yun 1,2, CHEN Ling 1 (1 Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China) Abstract: As one of the biological measures for soil and water conservation, hedgerows have been studied widely, but little information is available on their runoff and sediment process, thus it is necessary to study the benefits of runoff and sediment reduction in multiple hedgerows and to compare the benefits of different hedgerows configuration modes. The simulated rainfall experiment was conducted on three kinds of single plant modes, i.e., Hemerocallis citrine, Vetiveria zizanioides L., Paspalum natatum, and four kinds of combined modes, and a control plot, to compare the process of runoff and sediment-yield. three kinds of width of the single plant modes were set, respectively, which were 1, 2 and 3 lines, and the combination modes were 1 line of H. citrine and 2 lines of P. natatum, 1 line of V. zizanioides and 2 lines of P. natatum, 1 line of V. zizanioides and 2 lines of H. citrine, 1 line of P. natatum and 1 line of V. zizanioides. The results showed that all the different hedgerow modes improved soil physical and chemical properties and reduced water loss and soil erosion in different degrees. As for the same plant, the 2 line hedges achieved the better benefits of soil and water conservation. On the other hand, the benefits of runoff and sediment reduction of the combined modes were better than the single plant modes. Key words: Hedgerows; Slop land; Artificial rainfall; Soil and water conservation benefits