包伟民 K24 A 0447-662X 2013 01-0078 - 19 1 2 1 3 1963 11 2 1979 2 560 3 2010 295 1 78

5 1 2 1 1985 7 1990 5 1990 9 1991 5 1996 2 2004 107-127 14 2005 3 19-50 1980-2005 35 2006 6 221-250 1997-2006 17 11-25 2007 1986-2006 1931 2008 1 2002 2 2010 293-357 3 2010 1 2010 1 3 1952 1953 1962 239-277 278-303 304-309 310-336 4 337-369 395-412 4 107 5 1968 1997 79

2013 1 1 6 150 7 1951 2 1979 3 1988 1 4 481-583 1997 1989 2 59 9 10 5 1965 785-866 3 8 6-8 1979 14-99 4 1988 94-125 5 1989 6 1998 11 1989 2 1999 5 7 1988 2001 318 80

1 7 8 9 1982 瑏瑠 2 1 1992 2 1998 659-671 2 3 239-263 3 2005 263-289 4 1987 1998 1-32 5 1993 10 1992 1998 2010 2008 2008 6 11 1947 1972 1-28 7 1990 4 1 1978 1979 9 1979 9 1983 1983 103-115 5 8 1960 2001 5 1947 1984 6 9 1992 瑏瑠 31 334-480 81

2013 1 9 瑏瑠 瑏瑡 1 瑏瑢 1 462 2 59 1998 2 3 10 2009 4 3 8 1989 1 4 1987 1997 1986 2010 5 Yoshinobu Shiba Ningpo and Its Hinterland G. William Skinner City in Late Imperial China Standford University Press 1977 2000 391-440 5 6 2006 67-202 1997 31-39 6 2006 8 7 2005 6 8 12B 7 9 2001 289-364 2009 6 8 瑏瑠 2007 3 瑏瑡 2007 瑏瑢 1995 82

1 2 4 5 6 3 1 2001 4 2 1984 213-236 1994 4 1999 12 3 2006 1867 4 322-324 5 40 2006 2010 222-242 6 2009 5 83

2013 1 瑏瑠 1 瑏瑡 2 1169 1 2010 1-23 2 1984 95-124 3 1990 3 4 3 1990 4 4 1998 3 1999 6 5 2002 71-79 1998 1 5 6 1997 77-92 7 2010 6 8 1990 7 165-218 9 1993 219-321 8 瑏瑠 2010 1 9 瑏瑡 1963 414-497 1974 3 1-13 1975 10 1-19 84

4 1 5 707 2 1 348 2002 339-349 1985 152-167 1997 6 2 86 1991 1874 3 2011 1 2011 4 296 4 1983 263-505 1982 165-203 1997 1990 3 1989 177-195 1993 2 3 1993 74-103 104-113 5 2003 30-46 2000 83-95 2002 5 85

2013 1 1968 3 Mark Elvin 4 5 1959 Jacques Gernet 6 1 1 Jacques Gernet La vie quotidienne en Chine la veille de l 'invasion mongole 1250-1276 Hachette 1959. H. M. Wright 1962 Daily Life in China on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion 1250-1276 Stanford Calif. Stanford University Press 1962 2 1995 1 5 2 1853 111-112 1995 109-116 3 1 4 Mark Elvin The Pattern of the Chinese Past Stanford University Press 1973 pp. 289-315. 5 1986 1 6 1987 28 86

1 W. Christaller Central Place Theory 9 W. Skinner 2 3 4 5 2004 9 2 1991 3 1992 4 6 2002 1997 1 1997 2 7 1998 21-30 1 1997 2 1999 6 2000 3 4 1991 229-247 5 2006 2 6 1998 1 1998 1 2001 2 7 2002 8 9 Walter Christaller 8 Die Zentralen Orte in Süddeutschland By Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft Darmstadt 1968 87

2013 1 Marx Weber 1864-1920 1975 H. D. Lasswell 2 1999 1 3 4 5 6 1 H. D. Lasswell Politics Who Gets What When 2000 2 1980 12 3 2000 1 4 1996 5 1996 2009 6 2004 88

1 1996 12 14 12 14 2 2011 1 81 2006 127-171 2010 3-42 2 12 14 1996 4 89

2013 1 1 Development High Level Equilibrium Trap 4 2 G. William Skinner 1 2 3 4 5 5 1973 12 2011 201 133 3 3 Joseph Needham Science and Civilisation in China Vol. I Introductory Orientations The Syndics of the Cambridge University Press 1954 1990 1-2 4 Mark Elvin The Pattern of the Chinese Past pp. 113-199. 5 G. William Skinner The City in Late Imperial China Stanford University Press Stanford California 1977 Quantitative Growth Qualitative 2000 24 90

1 2 urbanization 5 3 2007 2 K. J. Button 311-313 2 3 2001 5 4 K. J. Button Urban Economics Theory and Policy The MacMillan Press Ltd. London 1976. 4 5 2 4 1 1986 14 15 91

2013 1 1 2 Secularization 3 4 1 1550-1580 2000 1-17 23 2004 6 4 229 92

1 2 3 4 1 2 93 3 67 4 1993 185 93

2013 1 瑏瑠 1 2 3 4 1 5 29 6 30% 329 22% 1993 1 2006 1-30 7 2 8 5A 3 5A 4 2004 18 6 1976 223 245 7 2004 109 9 8 1999 86 9 1989 2 5 2004 279 瑏瑠 5 1552 1957 94

1 3 E. H. Carr 2 1 1956 17 8159 2 E. H. Carr What Is History Vintage 1967. 2007 115 3 95

2013 1 1 1 2 5 1 5 2 96