1 4 8 14 23 29 37 45 54 64 69 77
60 20 50 1965 Robert Penzias Arno Wilson 100 1 1 1968 4004 10 23 James Ussher 10 Steven Weinberg 1977 The First Three Minutes 10 Stephen Hawking A Brief History of Time 1968 1
Armageddon 10 1000 100000000000 1 11 10 11 100 10 6 10000 10 12 10 12 10 10 100 10 11000000000 10-9 1 9 3 2
John Barrow Frank Tipler Jason Twanley Roger Penrose Jerry Lyons 3
4 2126 8 21
( Swift-Tuttle ) 2126 8 21 2 1 ( Orrt ) 6500 1 1 100 45 35 4 8 150 4 37 1000 100 10 5
6 3 200 ( 40 ) 1 2.5 3000
7
8 1856 ( Herman vonhelmholtz ) 19 2-1 150
9
Bertrand Russel l 19 20 19 Heinrich Olbers 22 3 200 100 4 300 9 200 100 10
11
12 17 ( Issac Newton ) 30 650 650 100 100
13
150 20 ( Edwin Hubble ) ( Vesto Slipher ) 1915 14
15 3-1 2
16 3-2 1965-273 3 30 4000 30
17 150 30 1992 COBE 1 100 3 75% 25%
18 3-2 3-3 3-2
1 2 4 3 8 10 1000 100 10-34 1 100 l ( Werner Heisenberg ) 19
10-21 10-11 10-8 4 19 ( Hans Christian Oersted ) ( Michel Faraday ) 19 50 20
( James Clerk Maxwell ) X 4 1 10 87 10 62 10-18 1 10 64 10 48 10-34 21
10 28 10 48 10-32 22
1987 2 23 ( Ian Shelton ) ( LMC ) 1604 ( Kepler ) 1987A A 70 2000 1987 2 22 11 11 8 19 1931 ( Wolfgan Pauli ) ß ß 23
ß E mc 2 E m 3 20 1987A nova supernova super- nova 1987A 17 B3 24
40 ( Sanduleak ) - 69202 50 ( Fred Hoyle ) ( William Fowler ) ( Geoffreg and Magreet Burbidge ) 100 10 l 10 25
26 1 300 100 2 3 1054 1987A 17 1000 19 1054
27 33 1 1 500 a a a
28 40
29 1000 100 10 ( 10-37 )
5-1 E mc 2 m mc 2 100 l0 c 30 100 100 30
31 1000 X-1 X-1 X X X-1 X X X-l X-1
32 1000 10 X 1 X-1 30000 X? A * A * X 1000
1915 1 1000 10-40 1 10 1000 10 44 3 10 26 8 75 3 10 33
70 ( Roger Penrose ) ( Brandon Carter ) ( Remo Ruffini ) ( Larry Smarr ) 29% 50% E Mc 2 34
35 50% 20 John wheeler
36 ( Spagehitiffication ) 1 1000 3 3 1
37 11.2 4 20 16.7 30 150 1 1000
38 100 10 21 10 48 3 100 10 1000 1 1
39 l 260000 2 1987A 1987A
40 Weakly InteractingMassive Particles WIMP 1 1000 l 1000 B X-1 2
41 10 5000 300 10 1919 ( Arthur Eddington )
42 6-1 S S S
43 100 300 10 1 100 1 100 10 1 1000
10-34 1 100 1000 101 2000 110 102400 100 1000 44
45 1 1 1 1 1
46 10 1974
10-11 E = mc 2 10-13 100 1 10 66 10 93 47
3 10 22 10 238 a 45 a ( Freeman Dyson ) 10 45 48
10 1500 1 1500 70 10 28 1 10 28 10 28 10 10 28 10 30 10 32 10 80 10 32 1 2 49
600 10000 p p?? 30 23 30 p? 10 32 1987A ß 50
3 3 3 10 45 10 220 10 32 1 10 33 3 15 10 48 p p 51
52 1 10 71 100 1 10 116 19
53
54 1972 90 500 2030 10 10 10 100 20
55 100 1 100 2 2 16 30 40 2 e 10%
56 100 1000 100
57 100 1 1 123 1 2 3
58 ( Robert Foreword ) ( Dragon's Egg ) 1 6 10 30 8
59
( Don Page ) ( Randall Mckee ) ( John Barrow ) ( Frank Tipler ) 10 22 10 19 ( IBM ) ( Charles Bennett ) ( Rolf Landauer ) 60
61 ( Ralph Estling ) 30 30
62 ( The Cosmic Blueprint ) ( Miichell Waldrup ) ( Complexity )
63
64 1000 4 10 1000 3 1000 1 3 1000 1 1000 35
65 100 200 4000 20 ( Martin Rees ) 10 1000 100
66 1000 100 ( Hades ) 10
67 1 1 1
68
69 10-1
70 8 1980 ( Sidney Coleman ) ( Frank De Luccia )
71 10 2 a a
10-3 A B A A B A B A B A B 3 72
1 ( MichaeI Turner ) ( Frank Wilczek ) ( Piet Hut ) ( Martin Rees ) ( Baby Universe ) 73
1981 ( Tardis Dr. Who ) 10-4 ( Child Universe ) 74
75 ( Alan Guth ) ( metaverse )
( Lee Smolin ) 76
77 111
78 19 ( Richard Tolman )30 E mc 2 56 30 56 30
79 11-2
60 ( Thomas Gold ) 80 ( Murray Gellman ) ( James Hartle ) ( Audrei Linde ) 1983 10 80
81 8 1 1 1989 1
50 60 ( Herman Bondi ) 1 10 48 1 ( Fred Hoyle ) ( Jayant Narlikar ) m mc 2 60 82
83
1995 ISBN 7-5323-3660-3 PDF OurSci.org