食物銀行 食物回收 平價市場 香港社會服務聯會 2017 年 9 月 熱食服務
2...3 1.... 4 1.1?...4 1.2...5 1.3...7 2.... 9 2.1...9 2.2...9 2.3...10 3.... 11 3.1...11 3.2...14 3.3...18 3.4...24 4.... 26 4.1...26 4.2...27 4.3...27 4.4...27... 28...28...32...33...36...39
3 2015 97 14.3% 1 2009 i) ii) iii) iv) 1 2016 2016 [ ] 2016 10 15
4 1.1? 1. 1.1.1 food security 1996 2 3 1 4 1 a) b) c) 1.1.2 5 6 7 a) 2 Life Sciences Research Office, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (1990). Core Indicators of Nutritional State for Difficult-tosample Populations. The Journal of Nutrition, 120 (Suppl 11), 1559-1600. Andrews M, Nord M, Bickel G, Carlson S. (2000). Household food security in the United States, 1999. USDA ERS. 3 The United Nations, General Assembly. (2010, August 6). Agriculture Development and Food Security - Report of the Secretary-General. 4 Hamm, M. W., & Bellows, A. C. (2003, January). Community food security: Background and future directions. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 35(1), 37-43. The United Nations, General Assembly. (2010, August 6). Agriculture Development and Food Security - Report of the Secretary-General. 5 Haering, S. A., & Syed, S. B. (2009). Community Food Security in United States Cities: A Survey of the Relevant Scientific Literature. Retrieved December 21, 2015, 6 The United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization, Economic and Social Development Department. (2002). Measurement and Assessment of Food Deprivation and Undernutrition. Rome, Italy. 7 Coates, J., Webb, P., & Houser, R. (2003, November). Measuring Food Insecurity: Going Beyond Indicators of Income and Anthropometry.
5 b) 1.2 2009 76.5 2015 101.0 32%29% 1 1 100.0 食品 CPI 食品 CPI (A) 90.0 總指數 CPI 80.0 總指數 CPI (A) 70.0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
6 2009 74.2 2015 100.9 36% 2009 78.3 2015 101.0 29% 2 3 105.0 100.0 95.0 90.0 85.0 80.0 75.0 70.0 2 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 食品 ( 不包括外出用膳 ) CPI 食品 ( 不包括外出用膳 ) CPI (A) 總指數 CPI 總指數 CPI (A) 105.0 100.0 95.0 90.0 85.0 80.0 75.0 70.0 3 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 外出用膳 CPI 外出用膳 CPI (A) 總指數 CPI 總指數 CPI (A) 2009 64% 37% 4 7 100.0 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 4 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 牛肉 CPI 牛肉 CPI (A) 食品 ( 不包括外出用膳 ) CPI 食品 ( 不包括外出用膳 ) CPI (A) 100.0 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 5 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 家禽 CPI 家禽 CPI (A) 食品 ( 不包括外出用膳 ) CPI 食品 ( 不包括外出用膳 ) CPI (A)
100.0 7 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 6 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 1.3 新鮮蔬菜 CPI 新鮮蔬菜 CPI (A) 食品 ( 不包括外出用膳 ) CPI 食品 ( 不包括外出用膳 ) CPI (A) 100.0 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 7 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 鮮果 CPI 鮮果 CPI (A) 食品 ( 不包括外出用膳 ) CPI 食品 ( 不包括外出用膳 ) CPI (A) i) 8 ii) iii) iv) 9 i) 2009 2009 2 2011 10 31 10 2014 3 1 2017 1 541 8 2011 9 8 / 2016/2017 2009/10 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2017 1 386 412 482 444 480 513 541 8 9 10 2016
8 ii) iii) iv) / 9 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017 1 4,626 5,080 5,278 4,724 4,892 4,384 4,796 4,799 5,050 5,481 5,512 5,772 2,842 2,901 3,003 4,031 5,025 4,033 7,096 5,871 5,038 3,782 3,228 11,444 5,399 5,097 5,482 6,100 4,367 3,617 3,404 2,625 2,592 2,467 9,645 4,668 4,275 3,979 5,320 6,064 23,527 19,624 33,353 33,560 31,978 31,360 33,223 30,315 2013/14 2016 12 20 10 3,200 2,300 190
2. 9 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 a) 48 food security deprivation b) c) 1) 2) 3) random sampling 1) 2) 3) 4) 10
10 2.2.2 a) 10 30.3% 19.5% 50.2% 100% 45 39 47 131 17 0 54 71 41 21 46 108 18 8 11 37 347 b) c) (purposive sampling) 16 2.3 2016 1 6 347 16
3. 11 3.1 3.1.1 347 13% 87% 11 22% 18-39 36% 40-64 42% 65 12 11 (N=346) 男,13% (45) 女,87% (301) 12 (N=331) 65 歲或以上, 42% (140) 18 39 歲, 22% (71) 40 64 歲, 36% (120) 3.1.2 23% 73% 4% 25% 13 13 (N=342) 其他,4% (14) 香港,23% (77) 中國內地,73% (251) 3.1.3 61% 14% 13% / / / 5% 4% 3% 14 14 (N=336) 其他,3% (8) 私人臨時房屋 ( 如木屋 天台屋等 ),4% (14) 板房 / 梗房 / 床位 / 閣仔,13% (44) 私樓獨立單位 ( 有獨立大門 ),14% (47) 居屋,5% (18) 公屋,61% (205)
12 3.1.4 43% 38% 6% 5% 4% 3% 1% 15 學生,1% (2) 家庭主婦,38% (129) 15 (N=343) 其他,1% (2) 全職工作,6% (21) 固定兼職工作,3% (10) 零散工,4% (14) 待業,5% (16) 退休,43% (149) 3.1.5 16% 38% 42% 4% 16 大專或以上程度, 4% (15) 中學,42% (140) 16 (N=335) 沒有受過教育, 16% (53) 小學或以下程度, 38% (127) 3.1.6 23% 27% 17% 19% 9% 5% 17 六人或以上家庭, 5% (16) 五人家庭,9% (31) 四人家庭,19% (65) 三人家庭,17% (61) 17 (N=347) 一人家庭,23% (81) 二人家庭,27% (93)
64% 13 27% 9% 18 成人與長者或 / 和兒童家庭, 64% (220) 18 (N=346) 只有成人家庭, 9% (31) 只有長者家庭, 27% (95) 28%55% 19 20 19? (N=346) 有, 28% (97) 沒有, 72% (249) 20? (N=342) 有, 55% (187) 沒有, 45% (155) 3.1.7 39.6% 34.9%18.5%15.8% 14.4% 10.6% 4.4%2.6% 0.6% 21 150 100 50 0 135 工135 積蓄作收入36 21 (N=341) 2 退休金/ 長俸63 家長生綜傷殘其他36 人供養49 54 者生活津貼果金119 援金15 津貼9
14 3.2 3.2.1 49%11% 40% 22 27% 9% 64% 23 22( ) (N=347) 23( ) (N=347) 40% (139) 64% (221) 11% (39) 9% (31) 49% (169) 27% (95) 3.2.2 87% 6% 7% 2440% 29% 31% 25 24 (N=347) 25 / (N=345) 7% (23) 31% (106) 6% (22) 40% (139) 87% (302) 29% (100)
3.2.3 15 27% 36% 47.3% 26 61% 27% 21.4% 27 26 27.0% 36.0% 47.3% 27 食物開支佔使用者全家每月總收入的比例 全港平均水平 39% 食物開支佔使用者全家每月總收入的比例 > 全港平均水平 61% 50% 26% 24% 28 28 / (N=347) 24% (85) 50% (173) 26% (89) 70% 12% 18% 29 80% 9% 11% 30
16 29 ( ) (N=320) 18% (56) 12% (39) 70% (225) 30 (N=347) 11% (39) 9% (30) 80% (278) 3.2.4 79% 6% 15% 31 79% (274) 31 (N=347) 15% (51) 6% (22) 40% 26% 32% 32 其他, 2% (2) 從購買 使用或處理食物的方法進行調節, 32% (33) 從飲食習慣 / 模式方面進行調節, 26% (27) 32 (N=103) 從食用的食物種類方面進行調節, 40% (41)
53% 17 9% 38% 33 52 N=179 $66.5 N=173 33 (N=343) 38% (129) 53% (183) 9% (31)
18 19% 16% 34 3.3 3.3.1 a) 65% 62% 30% 8% 35 34 / (N=127) 35 / (N=127) 16% (21) 8% (10) 19% (24) 30% (38) 65% (82) 62% (79) 71% 22% 7% 36 53% 37% 10% 37 36 (N=122) 37 (N=123) 7% (8) 10% (13) 22% (27) 37% (45) 71% (87) 53% (65)
b) 1993% 4% 3% 38 $296.1 N=108 38 / (N=127) 3% (4) 4% (5) 93% (118) 3.3.2 a) 49% 30% 21% 39 49% 28% 23% 40 40 / 39 / (N=71) (N=71) 21% (15) 23% (16) 30% (21) 28% (20) 49% (35) 49% (35)
20 58% 29% 13% 4156% 32% 12% 42 41 (N=70) 42 (N=68) 13% (9) 12% (8) 29% (20) 32% (22) 58% (41) 56% (38) b) 83% 11% 6% 43 $86.4 N=57 43 ) / (N=71) 6% (4) 11% (8) 83% (59)
3.3.3 21 a) 34% 29% 37% 44 49%26% 25% 45 44 / (N=108) 45 / (N=107) 37% (40) 25% (27) 29% (31) 26% (28) 34% (37) 49% (52) 70% 20% 10% 46 67% 23% 10% 47 46 (N=107) 47 (N=107) 10% (11) 10% (11) 20% (21) 23% (24) 70% (75) 67% (72)
22 17% (18) b) 79% 4% 17% 48 $126.6 N=81 48 / (N=106) 4% (4) 79% (84) 3.3.4 a) 50% 36% 14% 49 41% 41% 18% 50 49 / (N=36) 50 / (N=36) 14% (5) 36% (13) 18% (6) 41% (15) 50% (18) 41% (15)
49% 23 35% 16% 5135% 50% 15% 52 51 (N=37) 52 (N=34) 16% (6) 15% (5) 35% (13) 50% (17) 49% (18) 35% (12) b) 68% 29% 3% 53 $48.1 N=30 53 / (N=35) 3% (1) 29% (10) 68% (24)
24 3.4 a) 88% 6% 6% 54 83% 7% 10% 55 54 (N=344) 55 (N=347) 6% (22) 10% (34) 6% (22) 7% (26) 88% (300) 83% (287) b) 68% 23% 9% 5670% 18% 12% 57 56 ( ) 57 (N=339) (N=304) 9% (26) 12% (40) 23% (70) 18% (63) 68% (208) 70% (236)
c) 25 67% 19% 14% 58 58 / (N=323) 14% (46) 67% (216) 19% (61) d) 70% 10% 20% 59 59 / ( ) (N=335) 20% (67) 70% (234) 10% (34)
264. 4.1 4.1.1 2008 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 11 11 13% 2016-17 2017 1 30,315 56%
274.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 Bill Emerson 4.2.3 4.3 4.3.1 4.4 4.4.1
28 2016 1. ( ) ( ) (65 ) (18 64 ) 0-2 3-6 7-12 13-18 2. ( ) : ; ; 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. ( ) ( ) 5. ( ) 4. a) $ ( ) ( ) b) $ ( ) ( ) 5. ( ) $ (1 5 ) ( ) 6. 1 2 3 4 5 7. 1 2 3 4 5 7a 7b / ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) $ 7c $ 8. ( ) 1 2 3 4 5 9. ( ) 1 2 3 4 5 10. 1 2 3 4 5
2911. 1 2 3 4 5 12. 1 2 3 4 5 13. ( ) (1 5 ) ( ) (i) (ii) (iii) 14. / 1 2 3 4 5 15. / 1 2 3 4 5 16. 1 2 3 4 5 17. / / 1 2 3 4 5 18. 1 2 3 4 5 (1 5 ) ( ) 19. ( ) 20. ( / ) ( ) 21. (1 5 ) ( ) 1 2 3 4 5 22. / 1 2 3 4 5 23. / 1 2 3 4 5 24. 1 2 3 4 5 25. / 1 2 3 4 5 26. $ 27. 1. 2. 3. ( ) 4. / 5. 6.() (1 5 ) ( ) 7. 8. 9. 28. 1 2 3 4 5 29. 1 2 3 4 5 30. 1 2 3 4 5 31. 32. 1 2 3 4 5 33. ( ) 1 2 3 4 5 34. / 1 2 3 4 5 35. / ( ) 1 2 3 4 5
30 36. a) ( ) b) / ( ) c) / ( ) d) ( ) 37. 38. 39. : 40.? 41. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 42. 1. 2. 3. ( ) ( ) 4. / 5. 6. 7. ( ) 8. ( ) 9. ( ) 43. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. : 44. 45. 46.? 1. 2. 3. 4. 47.? ( ) 1. 2. 3. / 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. ( : ) 48. $ ( )
31 ( ) (2015 3 ) ( $) ( $) / / 1 10,000 5,000 / / 2 19,500 9,750 / / 3 29,000 14,500 / / 4 36,900 18,450 / / 5 38,000 19,000 / / 6 42,000 21,000 / / ( ) ( ) (2015 3 ) ( $) ( $) 100% 20% 30% 40% 1 10,000 5,000 1,000 1,500 2,000 2 19,500 9,750 1,950 2,925 3,900 3 29,000 14,500 2,900 4,350 5,800 4 36,900 18,450 3,690 5,535 7,380 5 38,000 19,000 3,800 5,700 7,600 6 42,000 21,000 4,200 6,300 8,400 :
32 2016 A. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) a. 7) a. B. 1) a. 2) 3) C. 1) 2) 3) 4)
33 ( )
34
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36 Amador, E. A. (2014). Can Anyone with Low Income Be Food Secure? Mitigating Food Insecurity among Low Income Households with Children in the Tampa Bay Area (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of South Florida. Retrieved January 8, 2016, from http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6366&context=etd Andrews M, Nord M, Bickel G, Carlson S. (2000). Household food security in the United States, 1999. USDA ERS. Andrews M, Nord M, Carlson S, Coleman-Jensen A. (2011). Household Food Security in the United States in 2010. USDA ERS. Bickel, G. W., Nord, M., Price, C., Hamilton, W., & Cook, J. (n.d.). Guide to Measuring Household Food Security. United States, Department of Agriculture. Retrieved January 8, 2016, from http://www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/fsguide.pdf Coates, J., Webb, P., & Houser, R. (2003, November). Measuring Food Insecurity: Going Beyond Indicators of Income and Anthropometry. Retrieved December 21, 2015, from http://portals.wi.wur.nl/files/docs/ppme/foodinsecurity_bangladesh03.pdf Drewnowski, A., & Darmon, N. (2005, July). The economics of obesity: Dietary energy density and energy cost. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 82, 265-273. Retrieved December 21, 2015. Haering, S. A., & Syed, S. B. (2009). Community Food Security in United States Cities: A Survey of the Relevant Scientific Literature. Retrieved December 21, 2015, from http://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/johns-hopkins-center-for-a-livable-future/ research/clf_publications/pub_rep_desc/cfs_usa.html Hamm, M. W., & Bellows, A. C. (2003, January). Community food security: Background and future directions. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 35(1), 37-43. Retrieved December 21, 2015. Hong Kong, HKSAR Government, Hong Kong Annual Digest of Statistics 2015 Edition. (2015). Hong Kong Annual Digest of Statistics (2015 ed.). Hong Kong: The Census and Statistics Department. Larson, N., Story, MT., & Nelson, MC. (2009, January). Neighborhood environments: Disparities in access to healthy foods in the U.S. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 36(1), 74-81. Retrieved December 21, 2015. Life Sciences Research Office, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (1990). Core Indicators of Nutritional State for Difficult-to-sample Populations. The Journal of Nutrition, 120(Suppl 11), 1559-1600. Lomelí, E. V. (2008, August). Conditional Cash Transfers as Social Policy in Latin America: An Assessment of their Contributions and Limitations*. Annual Review of Sociology, 34(1), 475-499. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134537 Lorenz, S. (n.d.). The German "Tafel" - a sustainable way to deal with food affluence? Retrieved January 8, 2016, from http://www.soziologie.uni-jena.de/soziologie_multimedia/downloads/lsrosa/ Lorenz/The+German+Tafel.pdf Maxwell, D. G. (1996). Measuring food insecurity: The frequency and severity of coping strategies. Food Policy, 21(3), 291-303. doi:10.1016/0306-9192(96)00005-x
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38 United States, Department of Agriculture. (2013, July). Retrieved January 18, 2016, from http://www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/how_to_get_food_help_chinese_tc.pdf USDA ERS - Food Security in the U.S.: Definitions of Food Security. (2011). Retrieved December 21, 2015, from http://www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/foodsecurity/labels.htm Wang, K. Y., & Lyu, L. (2013, February 26). The emergence of food bank/voucher programs in Taiwan: A new measure for combating poverty and food insecurity? Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, 23(1), 48-58. doi:10.1080/02185385.2012.760234 2012 16 2013 16 2014 16 2015 18 2016 20 2014 7 2015 6 2016 7 2016 Retrieved June 18, 2016, from http://www.swd.gov.hk/tc/index/site_pubsvc/page_family/sub_listofserv/id_foodassist/ 2015 2015 1 2016 2015 2016 E501 2014 10 2015 9 100 2016 2016 2016 [ ] 2016 10 15 Retrieved Dec 18, 2016, from http: http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201610/15/p2016101500702.htm.. (2016, May 22). Retrieved June 18, 2016, from https://hk.news.yahoo.com/ - -221119910.html
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香港食物援助服務使用者生活狀況研究 主研究員 : 香港理工大學應用社會科學系助理教授梁傳孫博士 香港社會服務聯會政策研究及倡議總主任陳惠容 香港社會服務聯會政策研究及倡議總主任黃和平 研究員 : 香港社會服務聯會政策研究及倡議主任黃慧賢 研究助理 : 香港社會服務聯會政策研究及倡議程序幹事羅婉彤 出版 : 香港社會服務聯會電話 : (852) 2876 2473 傳真 : (852) 2864 2999 網頁 : http://www.hkcss.org.hk 出版日期 :2017 年 9 月國際書號 :978-988-8448-07-4 版權屬香港社會服務聯會擁有, 如欲轉載, 請列明出處