i
(CIP) /. 2006 ISBN 7-03-016417-2 I. II. III. IV. G804.6 CIP (2005) 127395 2006 6 B5 (720 1000) 2006 6 15 1~2 000 291 000 * 45.00 ( ) ii
2005 10 2 i
1973 8 15 (Leonardo Da Vinci) 45 iii
7 2005 6 iv
... 1... 1... 4... 10... 12... 13... 13... 15... 17... 20... 23... 27... 29... 29... 41... 55... 61... 64... 64... 70... 99... 105... 115... 148... 152... 152... 154... 168... 178 v
... 180... 180 /... 192... 200... 221... 223... 230 vi
1 16 (1642~1727) 18 19 20 ( ) ( ) ( ) 15 (1452~1519)
45 (sports biomechanics) 2 - ATP ATP 1973 8
( 1990) 20 ( 2000) (biophysics) Journal of Applied Biomechanics 20 90 (1993 ) International Journal of Sport Biomechanics (sport) 3
4 ( ) F 1 F 2 F 1 F 2 1-1 1-1
1-2 1-2 5
6 1976 66m 69m 70.86m
1. / 3.58m 1889 1922 20 1942 4.77m 20 40 ( ) 4.82m 5cm 1994 6.14m 51 1953 1968 1984 104.80m 1986 1999 4cm 3cm 110 12 91 7
100g 2000 2000 6 14 8 2. / 2005 2004 2004 3. / Peak Ariel SIMI Qualisys Motion NDI Optotrak Kistler
Journal of Applied Biomechanics 60 14 25 40 2004 Speedo 9
10 20 1967 (ICSPE) 1973 (International Society of Biomechanics, ISB) ICSPE 20 70 1970 1973 70 (International Society of Biomechanics in Sports, ISBS) ISBS 1982 6 123 1983 5 7 ISBS 1980 1984 1985 ISB ISBS ISBS 15 (A. Borelli) (Gallilo) (Steindler) 18 (Galvani) 1841 (Reymond)
1877 (Muybridge) 24 1987 11 1889 (Braune) (Fischer) 1916 (Amar) 20 30 (Hill) Hill 20 30 20 40 20 60 1959 1986 1988 24 1987 ( ) 50 24h - - 11
20 90,,. 1988..,. 1997.., 17(3): 82~85,,. 2004.. 24(2): 77~80. 2004..,. 1999.. 16(2): 91~94. 2004a.. 23(2): 269~270. 2004b.. 19(2): 80~84. 2004c.. 16(1): 45~46,,. 1982..,,. 1999.. 22(4): 63~65,,. 1999..,,. 1990..,,. 1997.. ( ). 2002.., 10: 447~451,. 2004.. 17(2): 86~88,,. 2003... :. 2000.., 4: 52~53. 2002... 2002.. 23(1): 1~4,,. 2000...,,. 2002... 1986... David A W. 1990. Biomechanics and motor control of human movement. Second Edition. New York: A Wiley- Interscience Publication, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Donald B C, Gunnar A, Bernard J M. 1999. Occupational biomechanics. Third Edition. New York: A Wiley-Interscience Publication, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Nihat Özkaya, Margareta N. 1999. Fundamentals of biomechanics. New York: Springer-Verlag Inc. Peter McGinnis. 1999. Biomechanics of sports and exercise. Champaign, United States: Human Kinetics Shrawan K. 1999. Biomechanics in ergonomics. UK: Taylor & Francis Ltd. 12
1~2µm 1.5 µm H Z Z 1/2 1.5~3.5 µm 10nm 5nm Z 1.0 µm 3.5 µm Z H H (Huxley) 20 50 13
200~300 150nm 3 60% ( ) ATP ATP ATP ADP Pi Z H 14 1/3~1/2 2-1 1950 3 2-1
2-1 3 (concentric contraction) (isometric contraction) (eccentric contraction) (isokinetic contraction) (plyometrics) 1. 2. ( ) ( ) 3. 15
16 3 3 1. 20 70 (CYBEX BIODEX ) 300~500 /s
8.95m 1100 /s 900 /s 2.09m 1243 /s 1000 /s 2. - - 7.90~8.00m 85~95cm 3.60~3.70m 6.50~6.60m 60~70cm 3.10~3.30m α- 100 /s ( ) 17
18 ( - ) ( - ) - 2-2 1 - ( ) - 2-2 ( 1) 3-1 2 3 2-2 - ( 1998)
- 2-3 F T F = ma F T - 2-3 - 2-4 70% 1 2-3 2-4 - 2 1 2 19
2-5 - V max Vmax V 2 V 1 V 2 V 1 O F 1 F 2 F max O F 1 F 2 F max (a) (b) 2-5 - V max V 1 V 2 F max F 1 F 2 (a) (b) - - - (a) 20
( ) 30% 4 2-1 2-1 ( 1999) /( ) 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 /mm 11.5 16.8 26.9 37.4 43.5 45.5 39.2 21
(P) (F ) (v) W F S S P= = = F = F v (2.1) t t t - 2-6 2-6 22 F F F(r) F F(t) dw d( Ft () S) ds d Ft () d Ft () P= = = Ft () + S = F v+ S (2.2) dt dt dt dt dt d Ft () (2.2) F t ( ) dt
23 d () d Ft t 300~400ms 100ms 180ms 250ms 60%~75%( 80%~100% 40%~50%) RM(repetition maximum) RM 10~15RM( 1~5RM 20~30RM)