SOCIOLOGY OF ETHNICITY 25 2001 8 15 2000 Association of Sociology of Ethnicity, Sociology Society of China Institute of Sociology and Anthropology, Peking University

2001 6 17 30 1983 70 2

1994 57 1981 1948 50 1983 3

3 26 80 80% 4

1947 1979 1978 1980 1987 1926 14 40 20-30 5

1926 70 50 Eugeuics 1982 Galton 75 Middleton Galton 70 1979 12 1981 1979 80 1981 90 1999 5 100 14 600 14 640 100 400 14 1978 2000 22 6

1978 1991 1978 1979 1988 1981 1983 1988 1983 1987 1992 1 1992 1993 1 1993 1997 6 5 6 1998 7 11 1999 1999 12 2000 7 12 14 2000 12 12 14 1 5 2 9 1 1967 1951 1952 80 1991 7

1948 1949 5 16 7 50 60 2 3 4 8

1980 1988 56 9

10

Santa Fecomplexity1994 J.HolandComplex adaptive system Cas Cas 8 2000 9 1 34 14 60 11

60 40 1 1962-1964 2 3 12

13

1899 * 2001 6 17 14

1967 1994? 2 328 1937 1999a? 1951 12 2728 15

10 483? 10 484 1951 20 50 16

19 2 339 2 339 2 336 adaptation 199942 meiself 1999bviii ix 17

19 19 selfother? 1951 18

?? 1999a 1999b() () 199520011 14 1999 () 34 34 1934 2001602 19

67 2001 6 20 6 17 14 600 18991967 20

2001 6 18 20 100 1952 2001 6 21 14 640 2000 12 22 21

80 8 4 3 170 50 70 22 2001 8 1 22

520 179 1/3, 1998 1 2 1 1998 2 46.32% 53.68% 85.91% 86.27% 14.08% 13.73% 3 4 23

12.90% 1. 1998 3999 836 366 326 100.0% 341 100.0% 102 100.0% 151 46.3% 293 85.9% 88 86.3% 175 53.7% 48 14.1% 14 13.7% - 99 30.6% 29 8.5% 10 9.8% - 76 23.1% 19 5.6% 4 3.9% 1 2 3 4 21998 667 836 141 100.0% 341 100.0% 54 38.3% 293 85.9% 87 61.7% 48 14.1% - 42 29.8% 29 8.5% - 45 31.9% 19 5.6% 1 2 100 1 3. % 573431 424610 56404 13.28% 292472 67424 23368 34.66% 249430 18607 6716 36.09% 95 1997 13.28% 30% 8 24

8 80 8 19.92% 12.53% 60 7 15.31% 8.27% 13 6 4. 22.4 21.2 36.0 36.4 53.8 44.4 65.7 78.8 52.8 63.6 39.6 44.4 11.9 0.0 11.2 0.0 6.6 11.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 43.3 16.8 2 1 300 70 20 1999 A 90 35 53.1% 25

5. - - - - - - 35 46.9 25.0 28.1 100.0 85.2 5.5 9.3 100.0 89.8 8.2 2.0 100.0 35-45 63.7 9.0 27.3 100.0 87.5 0.0 12.5 100.0 93.5 6.5 0.0 100.0 45-65 81.4 7.0 11.6 100.0 96.0 0.0 3.4 100.0 89.4 5.3 5.3 100.0 65 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 90.0 10.0 0.0 100.0 86.7 0.0 13.3 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 / 64.6 16.7 18.7 100.0 88.0 4.0 8.0 100.0 91.9 8.1 0.0 100.0 67.5 7.5 7.5 100.0 91.4 2.9 5.7 100.0 89.1 7.3 3.6 100.0 60.0 13.3 26.7 100.0 92.3 5.1 2.6 100.0 96.9 3.1 0.0 100.0 77.5 7.5 15.0 100.0 88.9 2.2 8.9 100.0 87.7 8.8 3.5 100.0 20.0 60.0 20.0 100.0 85.7 0.0 14.3 100.0 88.9 11.1 0.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 50.0 0.0 50.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 - - - - - - - - B 25% 7.5% C 50 2 A B 26

6. 31.3 63.8 32.6 81.8 23.1 88.9 52.2 34.4 44.9 18.2 58.2 11.1 14.9 0.0 20.2 0.0 16.5 0.0 1.6 0.0 2.2 0.0 2.2 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 52.2 3.0 52.3 9.0 60.4 11.1 46.3 97.0 47.7 91.0 39.6 88.9 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 64.2 19.2 69.7 27.3 66.7 22.2 32.8 74.8 21.3 72.7 28.9 77.8 1.5 6.0 5.6 0.0 3.3 0.0 1.5 0.0 3.4 0.0 1.1 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 54.5 45.5 55.6 3.0 9.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 15.2 0.0 22.2 24.2 45.5 22.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 3 A 36.4 B 9 80% C 5.7% D 53 11 20.8% 300 11 5 27

E 3 1 6 7. 24.2 45.4 22.2 51.5 36.4 55.6 24.2 18.2 22.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 : 2 10% 8 6 28

3 80 29

4 1952 1 2 60 60 80 1981 6 20 1 2 1998 30

1 37 2 3 1 31

20 2 3 32

1971 730030 1997 2 1993 4 1995 12 1990 177 19971997 2 19881988 3 1999459 1999 1999 19991999 1999 2 100871 33

34

2001 3 2 2001 3 23 2001 4 6 2001 4 25 2001 5 19 2001 6 9 2001 6 23 2001 9 4 2001 9 7 2001 9 26 2001 10 25 35

23 14 2001 12 4 1996 4 24 20 2001 12 21 27 32 2001 12 20-30 30 100871 chjyu@sina.com 36