New Herbicides in Turf

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1 Developing a Successful Weed Control Program 成功雜草控制程序之創立 Patrick E. McCullough, Ph.D. The University of Georgia 美國喬治亞州大學 July 20, 2013 二 O 一三年七月二十日

2 Please note that Chinese subtitles are for reference only. 請注意 : 中文翻譯謹作參考用

3 Cultural Weed Control Routinely scout turf 例行巡查草坪護養的雜草防治 Identify weeds that warrant control 鑑別需要控制之雜草 Note new species that are present 注意新出現之雜草品種 Early detection is critical 早期發現是關鍵 Prevent spread before problematic 在形成問題之前防止其蔓延 Example: torpedograss in centipedegrass 例子 : 在假儉草內之 torpedograss Evaluate turfgrass cultural practices 評估草地之管理程序

4 Mowing Height Effect on Smooth Crabgrass Incidence in Tall Fescue 剪草高度對馬唐在高羊茅草地出現率的影響 Crabgrass Cover (%) " 2" 3" 4" Mowing Height - 剪草高度

5 Species 草的品種 Bermudagrass 狗牙根 Common 普通 Hybrid 雜交種 Centipede 假儉草 St. Augustine 聖奧斯丁草 Tall Fescue 高羊茅 Zoysiagrass Mower 剪草機類型 Height (in.) 剪草高度 ( 吋 ) Frequency (days) 剪草頻率 ( 日 ) Rotary/reel 1 to 2 5 to 7 Rotary/reel 0.5 to to 4 Rotary 1 to 2 5 to 10 Rotary 2 to 3 5 to 7 Rotary 1.5 to 3 5 to 7 Reel 0.5 to 2 3 to 7

6 Weed Populations are Influenced by Irrigation 雜草種群受到澆水的影響 How much water? 澆水的量? How frequently? 澆水的次數?

7 Influence of irrigation frequency on average dollarweed occurrence ce in St. Augustinegrass over 3 years in Florida. 過去三年在佛羅里達州 : 灌溉頻率對 dollarweed 在聖奧斯丁草坪平均出現數目之影響 30 Dollarweed Cover (%) Daily Conditional Severe Wilt Irrigation Frequency 灌溉頻率 Busey and Johnston Weed Science 54(5):

8 Cultural Weed Control 草坪護養的雜草防治 Soil factors 土壤因素 Poor drainage, improper ph, or excessive compaction limit turf growth 排水不良不當的 ph 值或過分板結均會限制草坪草生長 Wet soil 潮濕土壤 Sedges - purple nutsedge, green kyllinga, Rushes, Annual bluegrass, Mosses 莎草 - 雷公頭, 水蜈蚣 ; 谷精草 ; 一年生早熟禾 ; 苔蘚 Compacted soil 板結土壤 Annual bluegrass, Goosegrass, Prostrate knotweed, Common lespedeza, Path rush 一年生早熟禾 ; 牛筋草, Pr Prostrate knotweed, Common lespedeza, Path rush

9 Cultural Weed Control 草坪護養的雜草防治 Turfgrass Species Selection 草坪草之挑選 Evaluate turf species that is planted under specific areas where weeds have established, 評估在特定地區種植的草坪草區內已生長之雜草, Example: Bermudagrass in shade will be less competitive with weeds 例子 : 生長在蔭蔽地方的狗牙根與雜草競爭力將會較弱 Turfgrass Cultivar Selection Check National Turf Evaluation Program results for latest in cultivar development for specific uses, 參閱國家草坪草評價刋物中用於特定用途之最新發展栽培種結果網址 :

10 Broadleaf dock

12 Prepare for Annual Weeds in Lawns 每年度草坪雜草控制之準備工作 Control annuals and maintain dense, high quality turf in spring 控制一年生雜草和在春天保持密集的高品質草坪 Modify cultural practices as needed 根據需要修改的護養方法 Plant the appropriate grass for place and season 在適當的地方和季節種植適當草 Failure to control weeds in fall/winter 如在秋冬控制雜草失敗 Reduce turf quality/competition with weeds 草坪品質會降低 / 須與雜草競爭 Lead to summer annual weed problems 導致夏季一年生雜草問題

13 PRE s Preemergence herbicides do not prevent germination. 芽前除草劑不能防止發芽

14 Turfgrass Preemergence Herbicides 芽前除草劑 Common Name 普通名 benefin bensulide dimethenamid dithiopyr isoxaben oxadiazon pendimethalin prodiamine siduron Trade Name (Examples) 啇用名 Balan Betasan, Bensumec Tower Dimension Gallery Ronstar, Starfighter Pendulum, Pre-M Barricade Tupersan Wide variety of trade names, sprayable and granular formulations, and may be impregnated on fertilizer

15 Preemergence Turfgrass Herbicides 芽前除草劑 Weeds targeted: Summer/Winter annuals 目標雜草 : 夏季 / 冬季一年生雜草 Lifecycle is predictable 可預知的生命周期 Apply preemergence herbicides before establishment 在雜草成長前施用 Weeds not controlled by PRE s Weeds present in turf 目前在草坪成長的雜草 Perennial weeds established from vegetative reproduction (sedges, white clover, etc.) 從營養繁殖 ( 例如莎草, 白三葉等 ) 長成的多年生雜草

16 Preemergence Turfgrass Herbicides 芽前除草劑 Persistence in soil is key to residual activity 除草劑持久留存於泥土中是活性之匙 Rate of microbial breakdown 微生物分解的速率 Less residual activity in summer than winter 在夏天比冬天的殘留活性殘留活性較少 Irrigation or rainfall can be critical 澆水或降雨可以是關鍵 Move PRE herbicide to soil 芽前除草劑將被冲走 Herbicide activation 除草劑之啓動

17 No Irrigation 無澆水 Dry Granule 乾粒劑 Sprayable (WP) 噴射 ( 可濕性粉劑 ) Herbicide loss: 除草劑的損耗 Photodegredation 光解作用 Volatilization 揮發作用 Clipping collection 草屑的收集

18 Goosegrass Common Purslane Crabgrass Spotted Spurge Summer Annuals 夏季一年生雜草

19 Summer Weed Control Programs 夏季控制雜草的程序 Summer annual weed control 夏季控制雜草 Begin emerging when soil temperatures reach around 55 to 60 F, 泥土溫度達 F 雜草開始萌生 Can be controlled with pre-emergence emergence herbicides in spring, 春季可用芽前除草劑控制 Proper application timing and activation are critical. 適時施用除草劑及活化是關鍵

20 March 1 to April 1 March 1 to 20 January 1 to March 1

21 Residual Activity 殘餘活性 * Available in Hong Kong Longest 最長 Moderate 中度 Shortest 最短 prodiamine* trifluralin* bensulide oxadiazon dithiopyr siduron pendimethalin Residual of individual herbicides is dependent on use rate, soil, and environmental factors. 個別除草劑殘留份量是依賴于其使用率土壤和環境因素

22 Extending the Length of Crabgrass Control 擴展馬唐雜草控制的期限 Apply split applications weeks apart 在 6-8 周分開二次施用 For example, prodiamine 1 kg a.i./ha./ha 例子 : 使用 prodiamine 1 kg a.i./ha./ha In March,, apply 0.5 kg a.i./ha./ha 在三月, 使用 0.5 kg a.i./ha./ha In June,, apply 0.5 kg a.i./ha./ha 在六月, 使用 0.5 kg a.i./ha./ha

23 Herbicide 除草劑 Reseeding Restrictions 重新播種的限制 Time After Application 施用後所需時間 benefin bensulide dithiopyr oxadizaon* oryzalin pendimethalin prodiamine* 6 to 16 weeks 4 months 2.5 to 4 months 4 months 3 to 4 months 3 months 4 to 12 months trifluralin* 6 to 16 weeks * Available in Hong Kong 在香港可購買到

24 Concerns Over Lateral Rooting Inhibition in Lawns 抑制側生根的顧慮 pendimethalin on zoysiagrass Surflan on St. Augustinegrass Dimension on bermudagrass Major concern in centipedegrass and St. Augustinegrass lawns 受較大影響為假儉草及聖奧斯丁草

25 Extending the Length of Summer Annual Weed Control 擴展夏季雜草控制時間的長度 Use a PRE with a POST herbicide 使用芽前加有芽後的除草劑 Tank mix residual herbicide with a POST herbicide in May. 在 5 月在容器內混合殘效除草劑與芽後除草劑 May be able to reduce rate of residual herbicide Only on irrigated sites 也許能夠減少殘效除草劑的用量 - 僅可用於有灌溉的地區

26 Tenacity plus Barricade Applied June 14 (Early post + Residual) Untreated 無施用 Tenacity + Barricade 已施用

27 Herbicides for Summer Grassy Weed Control in Turf 夏季控制草類雜草除草劑 Bermuda Centipede St. Augustine Tall Fescue Zoysia amicarbazone X X X X X atrazine/simazine* X X X bentazon X X X X clethodim fenoxaprop X X flazasulfuron X X X foramsulfuron X X imazaquin* X X X X mesotrione X X X quinclorac * X X X sethoxydim * X * Available in Hong Kong 在香港可購買到 X

28 quinclorac Trade name 商用名 : Drive Used for crabgrass and broadleaf weed control. 用於馬唐和闊葉雜草控制 Lawns in GA: Bermudagrass,, tall fescue, and zoysiagrass 在喬治亞州的草坪 : 狗牙根高羊茅和結縷草 Compatible with broadleaf weed herbicides. 與闊葉雜草除草劑相容. Found in Combination Products: : One-Time, Q4, Square One. 在於下列組合產品中找到 : One-Time, Q4, Square One.

29 sethoxydim Trade name 商用名 : Segment, others Safe in centipedegrass lawns only 只在假儉草草坪上安全使用 Used for controlling crabgrass, bermudagrass, torpedograss,, and other grassy weeds 用以控制馬唐, 狗牙根, 鋪地黍及其他草類雜草 No activity on broadleaf weeds. 在闊葉雜草上無效.

30 Henbit Annual Bluegrass Hop Clover Hairy Bittercress Winter Annuals 冬季一年生雜草

31 Fall Weed Control Programs 秋天雜草控制程序 Winter annual weed control 冬季一年生雜草之控制 Begin Begin emerging when soil temperatures drop below approximately 70 F, 當土壤溫度降至約 70 F 以下開始出現 Can Can be controlled with pre-emergence emergence herbicides in fall, 可以在秋天施以芽前除草劑控制 Proper Proper application timing is critical. 正確施用時機最為關鍵.

32 Sept. 1 to 15 Sept. 15 to Oct. 1 Oct. 1 to Oct. 15

33 Preemergence Herbicides for Poa annua Control 芽前除草劑對早熟禾的控制 Common Name atrazine benefin bensulide dithiopyr ethofumesate indaziflam mesotrione oryzalin oxadiazon pendimethalin prodiamine pronamide simazine Trade Name Various Balan Betasan Dimension Prograss Specticle Tenacity Activity E E F G G-E Surflan,, Harrier G Ronstar Pendulum Barricade, others Kerb Princep, Wynstar E F G G E E E

34 Weed and Feed Products 雜草和肥料產品 Herbicide + Fertilizer Combination for homeowners 為房主使用之除草劑 + 肥料組合 Preemergence Products: : Primarily targeted for cool- season turfgrasses 芽前除草劑產品 : 主要目標為冷季型草坪草 Concerns 關注點 Fertilizing dormant turf 休眠期草坪之肥料施用 Select Weed + Feed products without nitrogen or phosphorous such as (N-P-K) 選擇雜草 + 肥料產品, 無氮或磷素 (N-P-K)

35 Broadleaf Weed Herbicides 殺濶葉雜草之除草劑 Common Name 2,4-D atrazine/simazine chlorsulfuron clopyralid dicamba MCPP metsulfuron sulfentrazone sulfosulfuron triclopyr (Check labels for turf species) Trade Name (Examples) (Various) various Corsair Lontrel Vanquish Mecoprop Blade,, or Manor Dismiss Certainty Turflon

36 Escalade at 3 pt/acre (fluroxypyr + 2,4-D + dicamba) 4 WAT 2009, UGA

37 Common Bermudagrass in Griffin, GA, May 13, 2009 狗牙根在 Griffin, GA, May 13, 2009 Annual Bluegrass/ Bermudagrass (dormant)

38 Common Bermudagrass in Griffin, GA, May 13, 2009 狗牙根在 Griffin, GA, May 13, 2009

39 Common Bermudagrass in Griffin, GA May 13, 2009 狗牙根在 Griffin, GA, May 13, 2009

40 Glyphosate Use on Dormant Bermudagrass (with or without preemergence herbicides) Glyphosate 用於休眠的狗牙根

41 Glyphosate (49 days after treatment) Glyphosate( 施用 49 天後 )

42 Green under dormant zoysiagrass 休眠的結縷草下的綠色

43 Dormant zoysiagrass spot sprayed with glyphosate 在休眠的結縷草上, 定點施用 glyphosate

44 Temperature Will Affect Weed Control 溫度會影響雜草之控制 1.33 oz/acre 30ºC (86 F) 5.32 oz/acre 10ºC (50 F)

Optimizing Weed Control 最佳之雜草控制 Temperature 温度 Major influential parameter of herbicide efficacy 影響除草劑效果的主要變數 Differential herbicide metabolism, 各除草劑特定的代謝作用, Volatilization of

45 Optimizing Weed Control 最佳之雜草控制 Temperature 温度 Major influential parameter of herbicide efficacy 影響除草劑效果的主要變數 Differential herbicide metabolism, 各除草劑特定的代謝作用, Volatilization of applied herbicides, 已施用除草劑的揮發 Seasonal application timings 季節性的施用期 Influence turf safety and weed control, 影響草坪安全和雜草控制, Related to growth rate and growth stage of plants. 與植物生長速率及生長階段有關係.

46 Seasonal Weed Control in Lawns 草坪的季節性雜草控制 Fall is excellent time of year to control perennial weeds 一年內秋天秋天是最好的時間進行多年生雜草的控制 Dallisgrass, bermudagrass,, white clover, others 例如 Dalligrass, 狗牙根, White Clover, 等. Plants begin allocating carbohydrates for storage in rhizomes, 植物開始分配碳水化合物以存儲於根莖中 Better herbicide translocation and more effective control of these weeds. 更好的除草劑傳送及更有效控制雜草

47 Growth Stage of Weeds Influences Herbicide Efficacy 雜草的生長階段會影響除草劑效果

48 Plan for Success 成功的計劃 Scout turf and identify weeds, 巡查草地及鑑定雜草類別, Evaluate cultural practices that may need modifications to improve turf competition, 評估以往所採用的護養方法, 可能需要修改, 以提高草坪競爭的能力, Select herbicides and apply at appropriate timings to maximize efficacy for control. 選擇除草劑和在適當的期間應用, 以達致最大控制效果

49 Thanks! 謝謝!

LH_Series_Rev2014.pdf

LH_Series_Rev2014.pdf REMINDERS Product information in this catalog is as of October 2013. All of the contents specified herein are subject to change without notice due to technical improvements, etc. Therefore, please check