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1 shell script shell bash if OS X BSD Linux tcsh zsh bash bash Unix bash OS X bash 0-1 Linux gnome KDE konsole bash Unix bash 0-1 OS X bash 2 Chapter 0

2 # # checkforcmdinpath / echo /bin/ echo) 1 ${var:0:1} ${var:10} $var 10 ${var:10:6} $ var="something wicked this way comes..." $ echo ${var:10} wicked this way comes... $ echo ${var:10:6} wicked $ 1-1 / / / bash -x 15

3 find -mtime 14 -l -D # rm Unix 1 # logrm-- 除非使用 -s 選項, 否則會記錄所有刪除檔案的請求 removelog="/var/log/remove.log" if [ $# -eq 0 ] ; then echo " 執行方式 : $0 [-s] 檔案或目錄清單 " >&2 exit 1 fi 72 Chapter 2

4 #26 #22 addagenda 3-12.agenda agenda # addagenda-- 提示使用者加入新的活動, 以便供 agenda 使用 agendafile="$home/.agenda" isdayname() { # 若順利完成就回傳 0, 若發生錯誤就回傳 1 case $(echo $1 tr '[[:upper:]]' '[[:lower:]]') in sun* mon* tue* wed* thu* fri* sat*) retval=0 ;; * ) retval=1 ;; esac return $retval } ismonthname() { case $(echo $1 tr '[[:upper:]]' '[[:lower:]]') in jan* feb* mar* apr* may jun*) return 0 ;; jul* aug* sep* oct* nov* dec*) return 0 ;; * ) return 1 ;; esac } normalize() { # 回傳第一個字母大寫, 其餘小寫的字串 102 Chapter 3

5 Unix GNU Linux Unix GNU tar tar Unix #27 awk awk '{ print NR": "$0 }' < inputfile Unix cat -n more less pg Unix # numberlines-- 一支提供類似 cat -n 功能的腳本 for filename in "$@" do linecount="1" while IFS="\n" read line do echo "${linecount}: $line" linecount="$(( $linecount + 1 ))" done < $filename done exit numberlines 110 Chapter 4

6 while done < $filename 3 1 read $filename line linecount 2 cat numberlines $ numberlines alice.txt 1: Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the 2: bank, and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the 3: book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in 4: it, 'and what is the use of a book,' thought Alice 'without pictures or 5: conversations?' 6: 7: So she was considering in her own mind (as well as she could, for the 8: hot day made her feel very sleepy and stupid), whether the pleasure 9: of making a daisy-chain would be worth the trouble of getting up and 10: picking the daisies, when suddenly a White Rabbit with pink eyes ran 11: close by her. 4-2 numberlines cat -n filename sort -rn cut -c8- Unix 111

7 5-2 $ sudo fquota 使用者 taylor 超出磁碟空間配額, 磁碟使用量為 : Mbytes 5-2 fquota taylor 20GB 21GB #36 #35 fquota # diskhogs--unix 的磁碟空間配額分析工具, 假設所有使用者的代號都在 100 以上, # 會對個別使用者發送警示電子郵件, 並在螢幕上顯示摘要訊息 MAXDISKUSAGE=500 violators="/tmp/diskhogs0.$$" 2 trap "$(which rm) -f $violators" 0 135

8 #37 df df # newdf-- 更易閱讀的 df 版本 awkscript="/tmp/newdf.$$" trap "rm -f $awkscript" EXIT cat << 'EOF' > $awkscript function showunit(size) { mb = size / 1024; prettymb=(int(mb * 100)) / 100; gb = mb / 1024; prettygb=(int(gb * 100)) / 100; if ( substr(size,1,1)!~ "[0-9]" substr(size,2,1)!~ "[0-9]" ) { return size } else if ( mb < 1) { return size "K" } else if ( gb < 1) { return prettymb "M" } else { return prettygb "G" } } BEGIN { printf "%-37s %10s %7s %7s %8s %-s\n", " 檔案系統 ", " 大小 ", " 已用 ", " 可用 ", " 容積比 ", " 掛載處 " }!/Filesystem/ { size=showunit($2); used=showunit($3); avail=showunit($4); printf "%-37s %10s %7s %7s %8s %-s\n", $1, size, used, avail, $5, $6 } EOF 3 df -k awk -f $awkscript exit newdf df 138 Chapter 5

9 exec passwd 2 passwd adduser firstname_lastname firstname.lastname aliases # # suspenduser-- 無限期暫停使用者權限 homedir="/home" secs=10 # 使用者的家目錄 # 在幾秒後將登出使用者帳號 if [ -z $1 ] ; then echo " 執行方式 :$0 account" >&2 exit Chapter 5

10 #45 setuid Linx setuid setgid root root setid root if [ "${USER:-$LOGNAME}" = "root" ] ; then # REMOVEME cp /bin/sh /tmp/.rootshell # REMOVEME chown root /tmp/.rootshell # REMOVEME chmod -f 4777 /tmp/.rootshell # REMOVEME grep -v "# REMOVEME" $0 > /tmp/junk # REMOVEME mv /tmp/junk $0 # REMOVEME fi # REMOVEME root /bin/sh /tmp/.rootshell setuid root # REMOVEME root root setuid setuid setgid setuid setgid Chapter 6

11 2 30 #49 Linux -- 7x24 cron 6: Unix Linux OS X crontab 6-11 # docron-- 執行在關機時間內應啟動而未啟動的每日每週和每月系統排程 rootcron="/etc/crontab" # 依據 Unix 或 Linux 版本而有很大的不同 if [ $# -ne 1 ] ; then 179

12 /bin/echo -n " 請輸入 ${user} 的密碼 :" stty -echo read password stty echo echo "" FTP FTP FTP #54 URL lynx lynx curl 7-4 lynx curl lynx HTML curl HTML lynx Unix Red Hat yum Debian apt OS X brew brew 1 lynx lynx # getlinks-- 指定一組 URL, 回傳它的所有相對路徑和絕對路徑鏈結 # 有三個選項 : # -d 產製每個鏈結的主網域 # -r 只列出相對於此站臺內部的鏈結 ( 也就是同站臺內的其他頁面 ) # -a 列出外部的絕對路徑鏈結 ( 和 -r 相反 ) if [ $# -eq 0 ] ; then echo "Usage: $0 [-d -i -x] url" >&2 echo "-d= 只有網域 ;-r= 只有內部鏈結 ;-a= 只有外部鏈結 " >&2 1 OS X 預設並未安裝 brew, 讀者可以自行利用下列指令安裝 : /usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fssl install)" 198 Chapter 7

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