第零章、為何要學作業系統

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离夷漆
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1 Bash Shell script VBird 2008/03/11 1

2 什 Shell Shell 2008/03/11 2

3 什 Shell Shell Linux shell /etc/shells chsh l 行 shell program 不 shell shell Linux Solaris bash csh 2008/03/11 3

4 Bash bash *? [0-9] 0~ [^abc] 不 man grep \[: [:upper:], [:lower:] 略 2008/03/11 4

5 Bash [tab] 令歷令 (history)!!( )!vi( vi 令 )!5( 行 5 令 )!?abc( 行令 abc 令 )!-5( 5 令令 ) 2008/03/11 5

6 Bash 行令 ll /lib/modules/`uname r`/kernel echo This system s name is $(hostname) 2008/03/11 6

7 Bash { } touch file{1,3,5} ll 2008/03/11 7

8 Bash 數數類數 set 數 export, env 數力 bash HOME LANG PS1 work= /home/user/mywork/myproject cd $work 2008/03/11 8

9 Bash 令令 alias alias newcmd= oldcmd option newcmd 2008/03/11 9

10 Bash /etc/profile ~/.bashrc 立 source ~/.bashrc. ~/.bashrc 不 2008/03/11 10

11 Bash 令行令行 / 路行令 alias 立 bash 令 PATH 令 2008/03/11 11

12 Shell script 什 shell script 令行 shell (if, then ) r r+x 行 2008/03/11 12

13 Shell script shell script 令行理行 (troubleshooting) 立 ( logfile.sh ) 2008/03/11 13

14 Shell script 立行 shell 例 #!/bin/bash 行說數來理料 # 來說 2008/03/11 14

15 Shell script 行 /root/script1.sh r x cd /root;./script1.sh r x sh /root/script1.sh r script1.sh $PATH r x 2008/03/11 15

16 Shell script shell script #!/bin/bash # This script displays some information about your system # write by VBird 2007/11/17 echo Hello world! echo The day is $(date) echo Your working directory is: $(pwd) exit /03/11 16

17 練錄 ( 立 ) 了 bash 更來類錄錄 (subdirectories) /tmp/archive 錄 2008/03/11 17

18 練 (terminal, 不論 ) 錄什令立 chapter3 錄錄立量 { } 行 (, ) 令什 touch {report,memo,graph}_{sep,oct,nov,dev}_{a,b,c}_{1,2,3} 2008/03/11 18

19 練錄料來 ll 令來立 ( 108 ) [shift]+[page up] ll more 來 ll less 2008/03/11 19

20 練立類錄立錄 a_reports september october november december a_reports 立錄 one two three 錄 ll a_reports 2008/03/11 20

21 練類 chapter3 錄來 dec (12 ) b dec_b_ december 錄 december 錄 nov_b_, oct_b_, sep_b_ 錄 2008/03/11 21

22 練類錄來 _a_ 行類類 *_a_1 a_reports/one 料不了 a_reports/one sep 2008/03/11 22

23 練錄 _a_2 _a_3 reports/two reports/three 兩錄 chapter3 錄錄 _c_ 立 /tmp/archive 錄錄 report 數 1 2 /tmp/arvhive 行令 2008/03/11 23

24 練 chapter3 錄 c 兩令不 ls *c* ls -Fd *c* c ( ) 錄 2008/03/11 24

25 練料 script 更料 shell script 立 shell script 來行 2008/03/11 25

26 練料 script root 行易令 cp -av /etc/sysconfig ~/backups/sysconfig 立 script 若不立 date 令串 Linux PATH 錄 ~/bin 行令錄立錄行錄 (a) PATH 數 (b) 立 ~/bin 錄 2008/03/11 26

27 練料 script 立 backup-sysconfig.sh ~/bin #!/bin/bash # This script creates a backup of /etc/sysconfig # into a datestamped subdirectory of ~/backups/ cp -av /etc/sysconfig ~/backups/sysconfig-$(date +%Y%m%d ) echo Backup of /etc/sysconfig completed at: $(date) 2008/03/11 27

28 練料 script script 行錄 ~/backups/sysconfig-$(date +%Y%m%d ) script 行力行 script bash -x /root/bin/backup-sysconfig.sh 2008/03/11 28

29 料流料流令行料令行料 Linux 0 料不 bash 數 echo $? 來 2008/03/11 29

30 料流料流易 2008/03/11 30

31 料流 / (standard input, STDIN, 0) (standard output, STDOUT, 1) 料 (standard error output, STDERR, 2) 2008/03/11 31

32 料流什料 STDOUT >( ) >>( 累 ) STDERR 2>( ) 2>>( 累 ) &> command > something 2>&1 2008/03/11 32

33 料流 /dev/null /dev/lp0 /dev/usb/lp0 2008/03/11 33

34 料流行列令 / 狀 find /etc -name passwd find /etc -name passwd > find.out find /etc -name passwd 2> /dev/null find /etc -name passwd > find.out 2> /dev/null find /etc -name passwd &> find.out2 find /etc -name passwd > find.out2 2>&1 2008/03/11 34

35 料流 STDIN mail -s ] mail ( 離 exit? 了 ) mail -s [@ ] < somefile 2008/03/11 35

36 料流利 << 來理 cat > somefile << eof 2008/03/11 36

37 料流料流來行不例行令例 /etc/crontab 行來行令 2> /dev/null 2008/03/11 37

38 令什令令 STDOUT 令 STDIN (STDERR ) 2008/03/11 38

39 令令令令行 grep, more, less 不例 date, ls 例 tr ll 料 ll ll tr a-z A-Z 2008/03/11 39

40 令見令 ls -l /etc less echo test mail mail s testing root@localhost echo test printer lpr 2008/03/11 40

41 令令 STDOUT 理利 () 令 STDOUT 例 (cal 2007; cal 2008) less cal 2007; cal 2008 less 2008/03/11 41

42 令 tee 利 tee 來行流累 tee a 理 2008/03/11 42

43 令例 ls lr /etc less ls lr /etc sort less ls lr /etc sort uniq -c less ls lr /etc sort uniq -c sort -r less 2008/03/11 43

44 令 STDIN 令 tr A-Z a-z <.bash_profile cat.bash_profile tr A-Z a-z 2008/03/11 44

45 令令行 && ; (;) 令立令行立行令 ls /vbird; ls /tmp (&&) 令行 (0) 令行 ls /vbird && ls /tmp ( ) 令行 ( 不 0) 令行 ls /vbird ls /tmp 2008/03/11 45

46 令令利 test [ ] 來理 test -f /vbird ; echo $? [ -f /vbird ] ; echo $? 2008/03/11 46

47 練 /proc/cpuinfo /proc/meminfo 來兩來利 less 令來料 mail 來令 mail mutt 來 2008/03/11 47

48 練 (date) 料錄 cpumem.info date > cpumem.info cat /proc/cpuinfo /proc/meminfo > cpumem.info 不 cpumem.info root 利來利令利 STDIN 2008/03/11 48

49 練利 ( ) tee mail date; cat /proc/cpuinfo /proc/meminfo 行 (cpumem.info) root 令 ( ) 2008/03/11 49

50 練利 cut 欄 ( : ) 3. 令列 uid gid 例列 student uid gid 行 4. 令列 ( 列 ) 利 for.. do.. done script 立 /root/bin/showid.sh uid/gid 列來 5. /root/myuid.gid.txt (hint 利 tee) 2008/03/11 50

51 令讀令令 more less 利見 [Space] [/] [n/n] [q] cat 參數列 ~ 行來列行列行不列行若連行行來列不來 2008/03/11 51

52 令讀令令 tac cat 行理 nl cat s 類 head 讀數行讀行若行 n 行數 tail 讀數行讀行連 f tail -f /var/log/messages ( [ctrl]-c ) reset 若理不令復 2008/03/11 52

53 令行理令 grep [-vnclriba] 串數略不便行串行量列例 ` 了行列行了行列行 2008/03/11 53

54 令行理令 cut [ ] filename cut -d' ' -f fields cut -c awk {print $n} filename 列串 n 欄 ( ) 2008/03/11 54

55 令行理令練 /etc/passwd ssh 行練 3 行 2008/03/11 55

56 令令 wc 落令見 [-lcw] sort 行見 sort [- fbmnrtuk] [file or stdin] 略異例略來例數行來料行來行 2008/03/11 56

57 令令 uniq 令 sort 行 [-c] 練 last cut, sort, uniq 令數 2008/03/11 57

58 令 ( 行行 ) 立 (patch file) diff -u oldfile newfile > patch_file patch -b oldfile patchfile 2008/03/11 58

59 令令 aspell check letter.txt 列 aspell list < letter.txt look 料 look somefile 2008/03/11 59

60 令理 tr sed 理行更理 sed filename 20,50p s/old/new/g 1,50s/old/new/g 2008/03/11 60

61 令 ( ) 利 ( ) 來 ^ $ [a-b] [^a-b] *..* 行行行行 0 ~ 0~ 2008/03/11 61

62 練 1. 令 aspell (hint, -- help) 列 2. /usr/bin 令數 ( 若行理 ) 若連錄 3. /usr/share/doc/html/index.html 裡 /etc/passwd g 行列來 2008/03/11 62

63 練 6. 列 /etc/passwd 行了 7. /etc/passwd 欄列 8. /etc/passwd 欄 shell 列 bash shell 行 9. 列 bash 行 10. /etc/ root 列來 ( ) 11. root 什 shell ( /etc/passwd 欄 ) 2008/03/11 63

64 練六理 (/etc/issue) 來理 2008/03/11 64

65 練六 1. student /etc/issue 錄 2. 利 vim issue 類 Welcome to \n (\l)! Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server releases 5 Kernel \r on an \m 3. /etc/issue 錄 ~/issue 異 2008/03/11 65

66 練六 4. 異料 5. + 行 6. 切 root 利 /etc/issue 更 7. 利 diff 令 /etc/issue 8. 利來 patch -R /etc/issue 2008/03/11 66

投影片 1

投影片 1 類 Linux BASH shell (, VBird) 2008/03/29 Linux 1 Bash Shell 令 vi vim 料流令 / 令理 (job control) 例 2008/03/29 Linux 2 Bash shell 2008/03/29 Linux 3 什 Shell Shell shell 2008/03/29 Linux 4 什 Shell Linux shell