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1 17 6 Vol.17 No Journal of Fishery Sciences of China November , 张呈祥 3, 徐钢春 2, 3 2,, 徐跑 3, 郑金良 3, 顾若波 2, 3 (1., ; 2., 24081; 3., ) 摘要 : (Alosa sapidissima) : (20±1), ( ) mm; 2, ; 4, ; 36 d,, ; 65 d,,,, (20±1), 2, 5~10 ind/ml,, 21 d, [, 2010, 17(6): ] : ; ; ; ; ; 中图分类号 : S96 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : (2010) (Alosa sapidissima) (Clupeomorpha) (Clupeiformes) (Clupeidae) (Alosa), (Quebec) (Florida) [1],,,, (Macrura reevesii),,, 2003, [2 5],, [6 11],,,,,,, , 收稿日期 : ; 修订日期 : 基金项目 : (2009JBFA01). 作者简介 : (1963 ),,, :. 通讯作者 :. gurb@ffrc.cn

2 [12] 3 d, (20±1) 1.2 2,, 1.0 m 2.0 m 1.0 m, 200~ 300 /m 3, KDF(Kinetic degradationg fluxion), m 2, 1~2 / m 2,, (Brachionus calyciflorus) (Asplanchna priodonta) 200, 5~10 ind/ml (Cladocera) (Copepoda), 3~5 ind/ml, (,.. 1) (, 42%~45%) ( ), 1/3 (Hydrolab Quanta), (T) (20±1), (DO) 6.0mg/L, ph 7.8± , 12 h l0, XTL Olympus BH-2,, Digital camera for microscope 300 ;, Canon IXUS80IS Bouin,, ( 6~7 µm), - (HE) [13], Olympus BH-2, [14], SPSS11.5, ± ( ) ( ) mm, ( ) mm,,, ;,, 100~120 /min, V, 55, 2 ;,,,,,, ( Ⅰ-1) 1 ( ) mm,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 3, 20 ( Ⅰ-2) 2 ( ) mm,, 1/3,, ( ) mm,,,, ; 3,, 2~3 ( Ⅰ-3) 3 ( ) mm,,, ( ) mm,,,,, 50%;,,, ( Ⅰ-4) 4 ( ) mm,

3 6 : ,, ( ) mm, 0.62 mm,,,,, ;,, ;,,,, ( -5) 2.1.2, 6 ( ) mm, ( ) mm,, 2 3 4~5,,,,,,,,,,, S,, ( Ⅱ-1);,,, ( Ⅰ-6) 10 ( ) mm, ( ) mm 2 3,, ;, 14 ;, 19,, ;, ( Ⅰ-7) 12 ( ) mm, ( ) mm ( ) mm, 5, ( Ⅱ-2); ( Ⅱ-3),, 16,, ( Ⅰ-8) 30 ( ) mm, ( ) mm,,, ;,,,,,,, ( Ⅰ-9) 36 ( ) mm, ( ) mm,,,,, Y,,,,,,, ( Ⅰ-10) , 80% ;,, Ⅰ-11),,, ( ) mm, ( ) mm, ( ) mm, 5.50,, 50,,,, ( Ⅱ-4), 5, ,, 0.85 mm, mm, ( Ⅱ-5), Y, 60~65 ( Ⅰ-12 13)

4 ( ) 65 (57.00±8.05) mm, (48.50±6.10) mm, ( ) mm, ( ) g, ( ) mm, ( ) mm, 5.15,, ( Ⅱ-6), 52~55,,,, V,,,,,,, : D.15-19, P.16-18, A , V.8-9, T.25,,,,, :, /,, ( Ⅰ-14 15) 2.2,,, : + ( )+ +,,,, 2,,, 5~10 ind/ml, ; 6,, 3~5 ind/ml; 36, 3,,, ( 1) (L, mm) (D, d) L= e D (n=10,r 2 = ) ( 1) 1 f- ; s- ; d-. Fig.1 Growth (standard length) of american shad larvae and postlarvae during culture and their feeding regimen f: first feeding; s: swim bladder inflation; d: start domesticating ,,, : (1) 6.75 mm, (2.75 mm) [15] ;, ; (2) 2~3, ( ) mm,,, 1/3, 4, (Macrura reevesii) 0.19 mm, 26~ [15] (3), [16 17],

5 6 : 1231, 6,, 2~3,,,, Anonymous [18] ; Battaglene [19] (4),,, 3 d, 3, ;,, 5, (20±1), 2,, 4,, ( ) mm, 1.06 mm/d, 2.72 [18] 4 d 1.06 mm/d,,, ( ),,,,, (20±1),, (Brachionus calyciflorus) (Asplanchna priodonta), 5 10 ind/ml, [20], ( ) mm,,,,,,,, [21],,, 30, ( ) mm,,, Heinrich [22] ;,,,,,,,,, 参考文献 : [1] Whitehead P J P. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1 - Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae[M]. Rome:United Nations Development Programme, 1985: [2]. (Alosa sapidissima) [D]. :, 2005: [3],,. [J]., 2006(1) : 13.

6 [4],,,. [J]., 2006(4): 5. [5],. [J]., 2006(4) : 25. [6] Higgs D M, Plachta D T T, Rollo A K, et al. Development of ultrasound detection in American shad (Alosa sapidissima)[j]. J Exp Biol, (1): [7] Barton C, Marcy J R. Spawning of the American shad, Aiosa sapidissima in the lower Connecticut River)[J]. Chesapeake Sci, (2): [8] Bilkovic D M, Olney J E, Hershner C H. Spawning of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) and striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in the Mattaponi and Pamunkey Rivers, Virginia)[J]. Fish Bull, 2002, 100(3): [9] Hendricks M L, Hoopes R l, Arnold D A, et al.homing of Hatchery-Reared American Shad to the Lehigh River, a Tributary to the Delaware River)[J]. North Am J Fish Manag, 2002, 22: [10] Domermuth R B, Reed R J. Food of Juvenile American Shad, Alosa sapidissima,juvenile Blueback Herring, Alosa aestivalis, and Pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus, in the Connecticut River below Holyoke Dam, Massachusetts)[J]. Estu Coasts, 1980, 3(1): [11] Chittenden M E. Salinity Tolerance of Young American Shad, (Alosa sapidissima)[j]. Chesapeake Sci, 1973, 14(3): [12]. :, [P] [13] Haacke C, Hess M, Melzer R R, et al. Fine structure and development of the Retina of the Grenadier anchovy Coilia nasus (Engraulididae,Clupeiformes) [J]. Morphol, 2001, 248(1): [14] Dong Q, Huang C, Tiersch T. Spermatozoal ultrastructure of diploid and tetraploid Pacific oysters[j]. Aquaculture, 2005, 249(1-4): [15],,. [J]., 1987, 11(1): [16],. [J]., 2003, 24(1): [17],,,. [J]., 1998, 28(4): [18] Anonymous. Bass and bream go commercial[j]. Fish Farmer, 1987, 10(5): [19] Battaglene S C, Talbot R B. Initial swimbladder inflation in intensively reared Australian Bass larvae, Macquaria novemaculeata(steinder)(perciformes: Percichthyidae))[J]. Aquaculture, 1990, 86: [20]. [M]. :, 1995: [21]. [J]., 1995, 19(4): [22] Heinrich J W. Culture feeding and growth of alewives hatched in the laboratory[j]. Prog Fish-cult, 1981, 43(1): 1 5

7 6 : 1233 Morphological development and growth of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) at larvae, fry and juvenile stages ZHANG Chengxiang 1, 3, XU Gangchun 2,3, XU Pao 2,3, ZHENG Jinliang 3, GU Ruobo 2,3 (1. Jiangyin Fishery Technical Extension Station, Jiangyin , China; 2. Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi , China; 3. Yangtze River Rare Fish Conservation Research Center, Jiangyin , China) Abstract: The morphological development of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) in their early life cycle was observed and classified into larvae, fry and juvenile stages. The size of young fish during developmental stages was recorded. The larvae were ( ) mm in total length at hatching. The feeding activities began at 2 days of age when water temperature was maintained at (20 1), and they exhibited multiple feeding behaviors. Larval American shad finished yolk-sac absorption 4 days after hatching. At this stage, swim bladder, vertebrae and fins presented, and larvae required exogenous food. After 36 days, a few scales occurred at the back of the operculum and on the lateral lines of fish, which indicated that larvae had metamorphosed into fry. Thereafter, fry developed into juveniles after 65 days, and their bodies were mostly covered with scales and their peritoneum completely developed. Understanding the morphological development of these early life stages could contribute greatly to the subsequent successful culture of American shad. Research results indicate that temperature, water quality, and initial feeding strategy are most critical to fish farming of this species. Therefore, the following criteria are recommended: water temperature should be controlled at (20 1) during the early culture of this species; larval fish should be fed with rotifers at a density of 5 10 ind/m.l on the second day after hatching; cladocerans and copepods are the most suitable foods for fry of American shad. In addition, we developed a semi-buoyant diet as an additional food supply for the fry. We succeeded in training A. sapidissima fry to feed this artificial food for 21 d until they fed commercial products (floating pellets). Weaning of fry from the artificial food assures the success of pond culture of this species. [Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2010,17(6): ] Key words: Alosa sapidissima; larva; fry; juvenile; morphological development; growth feature Corresponding auther: GU Ruobo. gurb@ffrc.cn

1234 中国水产科学第 17 卷张呈祥等: 美洲鲥仔稚幼鱼的形态发育与生长特征 ZHANG Chengxiang et al: Morphological development and growth of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) at larvae, fry and juvenile stages 图版Ⅰ 美洲鲥的仔稚幼鱼发育 1.

8 1234 中国水产科学第 17 卷张呈祥等: 美洲鲥仔稚幼鱼的形态发育与生长特征 ZHANG Chengxiang et al: Morphological development and growth of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) at larvae, fry and juvenile stages 图版Ⅰ 美洲鲥的仔稚幼鱼发育 1. 初孵仔鱼; 2.1 日龄仔鱼; 3. 2 日龄仔鱼; 4. 3 日龄仔鱼; 5. 4 日龄仔鱼; 6. 6 日龄仔鱼; 日龄仔鱼; 日龄仔鱼; 日龄仔鱼; 日龄仔鱼; 日龄稚鱼侧面观; 日龄稚鱼正面观; 日龄稚鱼; 日龄幼鱼侧面观; 日龄幼鱼正面观 PlateⅠ Post-embryonic development of Alosa sapidissima 1. Newly hatched larvae; 2. larva of 1d post hatching(dph); 3. larva of 2 dph; 4. larva of 3 dph; 5. larva of 4 dph; 6. larva of 6 dph; 7. larva of 10 dph; 8. larva of 12 dph; 9. larva of 30 dph; 10. larva of 36 dph; 11. fry of 42 dph; 12.fry stage; 13.fry of 50 dph; 14. juvenile stage; 15. juvenile of 65 dph.

第6期张呈祥等: 美洲鲥仔稚幼鱼的形态发育与生长特征 1235 张呈祥等: 美洲鲥仔稚幼鱼的形态发育与生长特征 ZHANG Chengxiang et al: Morphological development and growth of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) at larvae, fry and juvenile stages 图版Ⅱ

9 第6期张呈祥等: 美洲鲥仔稚幼鱼的形态发育与生长特征 1235 张呈祥等: 美洲鲥仔稚幼鱼的形态发育与生长特征 ZHANG Chengxiang et al: Morphological development and growth of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) at larvae, fry and juvenile stages 图版Ⅱ 美洲鲥的局部特征 1.6 日龄仔鱼肠道, 箭头示食物; 日龄仔鱼头部, 箭头示鳃丝; 日龄仔鱼腹部, 箭头示管鳔; 日龄稚鱼稜鳞扫描电镜, 箭头示梭鳞; 日龄稚鱼肠道横切, 箭头示纤毛; Plate Ⅱ 日龄幼鱼横切, 箭头示侧线. Local character of Alosa sapidissima 1. Intestines of 6 d larvae after hatching, arrow showing chyme; 2. Head of 12 d larva after hatching, arrow showing gill; 3. Abdomen of 12 d larva after hatching, arrow showing swin bladder; 4. Abdominal scale of 50 d fry, arrow showing abdominal scale; 5. Intestines of 50 d fry, arrow showing cilia; 6. Lateral line of 65 d juvenile, arrow showing lateral line.

Microsoft Word - 徐钢春_news_.doc

Microsoft Word - 徐钢春_news_.doc 美洲鲥的人工繁殖及胚胎发育的研究 1,3, 2,3, 3, 1,3 (1.,, 214081; 2., 214431; 3., 214431) 摘要 : 2007~2009 年, 利用深井水及设有钢架保温大棚的土池成功进行了美洲鲥 (Alosa sapidissima) 的亲鱼培育与人工繁殖的研究, 同时观察了美洲鲥的胚胎发育过程结果表明 : 2 龄美洲鲥在池塘中经专池培育并采用激素 + 不饱和脂肪酸