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4 total quality management, TQM sigma

5 a) b) c) ) ) 3) 4) - 3 -

6 5) 6) 7) 1 ISO/TR10014 PAF () - 4 -

7 + a) = / = / = + b) = /

8 4 COPQ,Cost of poor Quality

9 3 4 a) b) c) d) e) f) 5 ISOIECITU ISO IDT(identical) GB****- ****(idt ISO*** *:****) = MODmodified GB****-****(mod ISO****:****) 6 TBT a) b) WT O/TBT A B C D - 7 -

10 E F 1 a) b) c) d) a) b) c) a) b) c) d) e)

11 3 4 (GBZ19579 C)

12 4-10 -

14 15-1 -

16 - 14 -

17 - 15 -

18 a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) 3ISO TC ISO

19 TC a) 1. b) c) d) e) f) a) b) c) d) e) a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h)

20 i) j) k) l) m) n) o) p) q) r) s) t) u) v) 3 a) b) c)

21 a) b) c) GB/T19001 GB/T4001 a) b) c) d) e) f) g) 1) ) 3) 4) 5)

22 - 0 -

23 - 1 -

24 - -

25 - 3 -

26 ISO QMS - 4 -

27 1 a) b) c) d) e) (b) a) b) c) d) a) b) c) d) e) 1-5 -

28 EMC a) b) c) d) e) 1 a) b) c) d) ) a) b) 3 4 a) b) - 6 -

29 c) d) e) a) b) c) d) e) f) g) a b) c) d) e) f) g) h) 1 a) b) a) b) c) d) - 7 -

30 e) f) 1 a) b) c) d) a) b) c) d) 3 a) b) c) d) 4 a) b) c) d) e) 5 a) b) c) d) e) 6 a) b) - 8 -

31 c) d) ) ) 3) 4) 5) 6) - 9 -

32 ) ) 3)

33 GB/T A- B- C- A- B- C- D- 3 1) ) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

34 1 3 1) ) 3) 4) - 3 -

35 - 33 -

36 - 34 -

37 - 35 -

38 - 36 -

39 - 37 -

40 - 38 -

41 () N (Nonconforming Unit) ()( ) D P: p = N D : 100 p = 100 N

42 C : 100 p = 100 N n d d A d R OC L( p) p OC, OC OC

43 L( p) = A d = 0 Np N Np ( )( ) d n d N ( ) n L( p) = A d = 0 n ( ) p d d (1 p) n d L( p) = A ( np) d d = 0! d e np ( e =.7188L) Np ( ) Np d n ( ) n d d d N Np ( ) n d N Np n d p n 30, p < 0. 5 N ( ) N n n GB/T (1) () (3) p 0, p 1 (4) (5)

44 ( ) () () ( a) b) c) ATI (na) p ATI I N, pna I I = nl( p) + N[1 L( p)] = n + ( N n)[1 L( p)] (LTPD) (AOQ) AOQ k L( p) N p AOQ = p L( p) kn - 4 -

45 LTPD AOQL GB/T88 (1) AQL () AQL (3)( )AQL AQL AQL (4) A B A AQL B AQL (5) (6) GB/T88 P = D N D + N + L+ D + L+ N K K 100% = k i= 1 k i= 1 D N i i 100% P Ni i Di i k

46 CBT88 A A B B C C A A B ()C A B B C A B C C A B C AQLAcceptance Quality Limit AQL N(n)GB/T88 III III II S-1S-S-3S-4 AQL=0.10 S

47 5 MIL-STD ASN (1) () GB/T89 a) b) () c) () d) GB/T88 e) RQL GB/T88 AQL f) 3 III I g) h) i) j) k) l)

48 a) (sampling inspection by variables)

49 - 47 -

50 - 48 -

51 n n n n n n n n n n

52 ( ) ( ) + ( 0.15) ( ) = ( ) ( 1 0.1) + ( 0.1) ( 1 0.1) =

53 - 51 -

54 - 5 -

55 A n p d 1 p d = 0 d ( ) ( n d )

56 D. E

57 ( ) ( 1 0.1) = ( ) ( 1 0.1) = 0.9 =

59 E

60 X x n x, x,, 1 L x n a x x R= x - x R max min b n k h. k h R/k n 50~ ~00 01~ ~1000 max min k 7~9 8~10 9~11 10~15 c d n, f e i i = ni n f / h i i f F x ~ Me x Mod R n i

61 n-1 s xi x xi - x xi - x xi n 0 n n-1 cvcv=s/ x Ω a) b) Ω A BC 5 a A Ω b A A ω 1 ω Ω ω 1 ω 1 A ω ω c A d Ω Ω Ω e Ω φ a, Ω A Ω A

62 A A b A B A B A B AUB A B c A B A B A B AB AB d A B A B A B A-B A B A B m 1 m

63 m m 1 X m XX m m 1 m m m + m m k 1 k n ( n 1) L ( n r + 1) p r n pn r p = n( n 1) L( n r + 1), p n! n n = n r r(r n = r n) r pn n( n 1) L( n r + 1) n! n = = r! r! r!( n r)! 0 = 1 a) A b) n A kn A fn(a)=kn/n= A / fn(a) A fn(a) A n 0 1 A: 0P(A) 0 1 P( Φ )=0P( Ω )=1 A P(A)+ P( A )=1 P( A )=1- P(A) A>BP(A-B)=P(A)-P(B) A B P(AUB)=P(A)+P(B)- P(AB) A B P(AB)= P( Φ )=0 P(A)+P(B) A1AA3 P ( A U A U A UL) = P( A + P( ) + P( A ) + L 1 3 1) A 3 k k P(AUB)= A B P(AB)= P(AB) P(B)= P( B) P(A)

64 P(B)>0, P(A)>0 A B A B P(AB)= P(A) P(B) A B B A P(AB)= P(AB)/ P(B)= P(A) P(B) / P(B)= / P(A) A B, B A A B A B P(AB) A P(A) P(AB)P(AB)= P(AB)/ P(B)P(B)>0 X x 1, x, L, x p 1, p, L, p n PX= x i = p i i=1,,3,,n i 1 + p + + pn = i p p p L 1 p i a) X a b E(aX+b)=a E(X)+b Var(aX+b)=a Var(X) b) 1 X E X + X ) = E( + E( X ) X ( 1 X 1) n c) X 1 X Var( X 1 ± X ) = Var( X 1) + Var( X ) b c - 6 -

65 E(X) E(X)= i x i p i E(X)= b a xp(x)dx Var(X) Var(X)= [ xi E ( X )] p i Var(X)= b [ E( X ) ] i a x p( x) dx X X σ σ = σ (X ) = Var (X ) 3 N M n X n M X 0,1, L, n n > M X 0,1, L, M X=x M N M x n x x) P( X =, x = 1,, Lr N n = r = min( n, M ), h( n, N, M ) nm E X ) = N ( n( N n) M M Var( x) = 1 N 1 N N X p(x) f(x) x p(x) X x p(x) a

66 b n n p, 1-p X n X 01n n+ 1 P( X n P x x n x = ) = (1 ) x P E ( X ) = np E(X ) = λ Var( x) = np(1 p) Var(x) = λ σ σ ) = λ ( x) = np(1 p) c x λ λ P( X = x) = e, x = 0,1,... n! (x µ σ µ σ µ µ σ σ σ x σ u a u a u a X µ 1 X ~ N( µ, σ ) U = ~ N( 01 ) σ X µ σ X ~ N( µ, σ ) P( X b µ < b) = Φ( ) σ

67 a µ P( X > a) = 1 Φ( ) σ b µ a µ < b) = Φ( ) Φ( σ σ P( a < X ) Φ( ) µ σ a x λe λ, x 0 p( x) = Exp( λ) 0, x < 0 λ >0 E(X)=1/ λ Var ( X ) = 1/ λ b Y = ln X µ E( X ) = exp{ µ + σ / } = Var( X ) X σ X = Y µ {exp( σ ) 1} Y = X Y X1,X,.Xn n σ N ( µ, ) n n X

68 x x σ x X X µ = s n 1 n 1 n( X µ ) ( X i X ) χ σ χ χ ( n ) ( X X ) / ~ χ ( n 1) 1 n s = i σ χ σ i= 1 µ µ x 1, x,..., xn 1,σ,σ µ,σ 1,Y,.Ym,σ 1 s ( X X ) ( Y Y ) µ ~ F( n 1, m 1) n-1 m-1 F s 1 n i 1 n 1 i= 1 = m 1 i m 1 i =1 θ X n x 1, x x ˆ,..., n ˆ θ = ˆ θ x 1, x,..., xn θ θ θˆ θ x 1, x,..., xn θˆ θ

69 x µ s σ s E ( X ) = 1 λ λ = 1/ E( X ) x E (X ) ˆ λ = 1/ x x λˆ = x pˆ = X 1 µ x ~ x ˆ = x = 1 ( x + x x n µ 1 n x µ ) σ s ˆ σ = s = 1 n ( x i n 1 i = 1 x) 3σ R = x( n) x (1 ) s ˆ σ R = R / d ( x( n) x(1) ) d = / ˆ σ s = s / c 1 n 4 = ( xn x) / n 1 i= 1 c 4 σ σˆ σˆ σˆ s R θ Θ n x x,..., x 1, n < a(0 < a 1) θ L = θ L ( x1, x,..., xn ) θ U = θu ( x1, x,..., x n ) s

70 θ Θ P( θ θ θ ) 1 a L U [ θ, ] L θ U θ 1- a [ θ L, θ U ] θ 1- a θ L θu 1- a 1- a [ θ, ] θ 1- a P( θ < θ ) = P( θ > θ ) a / L U = L θ U p 1- a µ σ x ± u1 a / σ n µ σ x ± t ( n 1) 1 a / s n ( n 1) s ( n 1) s σ µ, χ1 a / ( n 1) χ a / ( n 1) σ µ s n 1 s n 1, χ1 a / ( n 1) χ a / ( n 1) x ± u1 a / x( 1 x) / n u1 a / 1- a / a H 0 H 0 H µ : µ 1 : H 0 b x µ σ H 0 u = 0 ~ N(0,1) u σ / n c H 0 W W={ u > c} c

71 H 0 W H 0 H 0 W H 0 d W Nu a / u1 a / ua / u1 a / W = { ua / u1 a / } = {u1 a / } e x, x,..., x W H H 1 n 0 1 x 1, x,..., xn W H 0 H 0 H 1 µ µ 0 µ > µ 0 { u > u1 a} σ µ µ 0 µ < µ 0 u = x µ 0 n σ / { u < ua} µ = µ 0 µ µ 0 { u > u 1 a / } µ µ > µ µ 0 0 { > t1 ( n 1)} t a t σ µ µ 0 µ < µ 0 t = x µ 0 s / n { < t ( n 1)} t a µ = µ 0 µ µ 0 { > t / ( n t 1 a 1)} χ µ σ σ 0 σ σ σ σ 0 0 σ σ 0 (n 1) s σ σ χ = 0 σ σ σ 0 { χ > χ ( n 1) } 1 a { χ χ ( n 1) } < a / 1 χ < χ a / ( n 1) { } χ > χ ( n 1) 1 a /

72 p a H 0 H 1 p p 0 p p 0 { u > u 1 } a u p p 0 p p 0 u = p x p 0 1 p ) / n 0 ( 0 { u < ua } p p 0 p p 0 { u u1 a / > }

74 C. 0+ D. [0+] 1 X = n 1 40 n x i i= ( ) - 7 -

75 x s x s s x s x x x x x σ 0.4 x ± u = x ± u = x ± 0.u n 4 α x ± u σ = 0.5, u = n α σ u α 1 σ n

76 x σ x x n x σ = n Var( x) = 10 4 = 40 Z α Z 1 α α Z Z 1 α α Z u 1 α A B P( AB) P ( A B) = P( B)

77 ( x+ 3) 1 4 p( x) = e,( x + ) π X + 3 X 3 X X σ p( x) = e,( x + ) πσ ( x µ ) U = X µ = σ X + 3 ln a µ Y P( X a) = P(ln X ln a) = P( Y ln a) = Φ σ Y ( ln X ) µ Y = E = 5, σ P Y ln = Var( X ) =, ( X 460) = Φ = Φ( ) =

78 s = = = 1 n 4 σ σ ( X ± Y ) = Var( X ) + Var( Y) ni E( X ) = xi pi,( pi = ) n 0 10 E( X ) = = 156 ( ) ( ) i x ± u σ = 3, u = n α σ

79 u α 1 σ n X = 1 n n x i i= n S = ( x i x) n 1 i= 1 R = x( n) x( 1 ) ~ x = 1 x n + x n

80 P( AB) P( A B) =,( P( B) 0) P( B)

81 x x x x x x x x x

82 1 x = n s n i= 1 1 = n 1 x, i n ( x) i i= 1 x x S1 = 10, S =.5, S3 = 16 n 1 n 1 ( x) xi x xi n 1 i= 1 n 1 i= 1 1 n 1 n xi i= 1 nx 1 1 n n x 1 i xi n i= 1 i= 1 n X1 µ σ D

83 A B 1.5x 1.5 e X!

84 x λ λ e X! LSL µ LSL µ P L = Φ P L = 1 Φ σ σ USL µ USL µ P U = Φ P U = 1 Φ σ σ T µ σ L U P = P( X T ) = Φ ( ) L L T µ PU = P X TU = 1 Φ σ θˆ θ θˆ θˆ θ θˆ θ θˆ θˆ - 8 -

85 θˆ θ θˆ θ θˆ θ θˆ X X X X X X 9 X

86 X x µ u = = =.0 u = σ n α σ x ± u α = 0.511± 1.96 = 0.511± n

87 3 Y=5000(13-X) C. 500 D

88 1 ABC 1 A i σ 3 y ij : 0 H : µ 1, µ,, µ r H µ 1 = µ = L = µ r 1 L r H 0 AA A r m y, y i, y, 1 i L im i=1,,..,r i y i y T i itn n=rm n r m ST = ( yij y) = i= 1 j= 1 i= 1 j= 1 r m y ij T n A r A S A m( yi y) Ti = = m i= 1 r i= 1 T n r m S e = ( yij yi ) S T =S A +S e S T S A S e f T f A f e f T =f A +f e f T =n-1=rm-1, f A =r-1, f e = f T -f A =r(m-1) i= 1 j= 1 V A =S A /f A V e =S e /f e FF= V A / V e

89 1 AT i T y ij i T T 3 S T S A S e 4 F 5 αfff 1-α f A f e F> F 1-α f A 3 f e AA F A e S A S e f A =r-1 f e = n-r) T S T f T =n-1 V A =S A /f A V e =S e /f e F= V A / V e x,y n r1 r=0 n r>0 r<0 r r=1 0<r<1 r=0 r=-1-1<r<0 r=0 n r ( xi x)( yi y) Lxy = ( x ) ( ) LxxLyy i x yi y r =

90 L L L xy xx yy = = = ( xi x)( yi y) ( xi x) ( yi y) ρ { } H 0 ρ=0 H 1 ρ0 = r > r ( n ) n α 3 y ˆ = a + bx b = L / L, a = y bx b a xy xx W 1 α / αr r 1-a/ (n-) ST ( yi y) = x x y S ( yˆ y) = R i x f T =f R +f E F f T =n-1, f R =1, f E =f T -f R S F = S R E / f / f R E S ( y y ) = E i ˆi S T =S R +S E αf>f 1-α (f R, f E ) 4 yxx 0 y y ˆ a + bx y ˆ δ, y + δ 0 = 1-α y ( ) 0 δ P { y < δ } = 1 α y 0 0 ˆ 0 δ = ˆ 1 α / 0 σt ( n ) 1+ 1/ n + ( x x) / L y L,y U x xx

91 a + bx u a + bx + u α 1 α 1 ˆ σ > y ˆ σ < y L U x 1-α 5 n L n (q p ) npq [L 4 3 ] n=q k, k=,3,4, p=(n-1)/(q-1) [L 1 11 ] S-fV e S T f T V e /S T

92 n 1 n

93 9S S A e S 9S A e 9S S e A S 9S e A S A f A S A f e F = = S f S f e e e A ŷ

94 x i, y i y ˆ = a + bx y ˆ i = a + bxi n i= 1 ( ) ˆ y i y i r m y ij y) ( ) yij y i i= 1 j= 1 i= 1 j= 1 r m ( r ( i= 1 r y i y) ( ) m y i y i= 1 y i y - 9 -

95 F = S S A e f f A e = =

96 n = m = = 15, f = r 1 =, f = n r = 15 3 = 1 i i A e y ˆ = a + bx Lxy b = = = = 0.5, L 30 xx = ˆi xy S ( y y) = bl = = 80 R S S S = L bl = = 10 E = T R yy xy Lxy 45 r = = = = r α ( n ) L L xx yy

97 - 95 -

98 ŷ ± δ δ ˆ 1 ( x0 x) = δ t ( n ) α n δ ˆ 1 ( x0 x) = δ u α n δ = ˆ δ u 1 α δ = ˆ δ ( n ) t α 1 L xx L xx S n Ti = 3 i= 1 T 9 S S ( ) T 1 T = 8 T1 T T = ( ) T 1 T S = 9 r m i i= 1 1 r i=1 m i r S A r Ti = n i=1 T n

99 S A r Ti = n i=1 T n y ˆ = a + bx x, y

100 T y = n S f e e = 3 = i= 1 3 n i= 1 n y ( T y) i = q 1 = 3 1 = i 180 = = 0, 9 = 3(18 0) + 3(1 0) + 3(1 0) = 18, q Ti T S = n q n i= 1 ( T ) 1 T S =

101 10 10 x i = 30, yi = i= 1 i= 1 0, 10 1 x = x i = 3, y =, a = y bx = = i= 1 Lxy 6 r = = = L L xx yy ŷ 0 y = x, Q x =, yˆ. 75 ˆ 0 0 =

102 99.73%.7 α β UCL LCL αβ α β 3 UCL= µ + 3σ CL= µ LCL= µ 3σ

103 - X R - n>10 R S R - - p np n u u c - - I a. 5 d=0 35 d1 100 d b. 1 A A 5 4 B 15 C 8 C 1). 15% 85%

104 C p C p T TU T = 6σ 6σ L = C pu T = U µ 3σ X TU C pl µ T 3σ L = X TL µ ε = M µ µ K C pk ε ε K = = (0 < K < 1) T / T T T = (1 K) C p = (1 K) (1 K) 6σ 6 ˆ σ C p C pk C p C p C pk µ C pk

105 P, K P PK 1C P Pk,Ppk σ σ LT > ST, LT ST X σ σ X

106 X X X X s s X X X

107 R

108 X X X X

109 X R R X

110 X X X ~ X X X

111 R Cp A. B. C. A. C P T T U L = 6σ

112 X X X X

113 X 13 A. C P B. C PK C. P PK D. P P

114 X X ~ X X X X R X R X X UCL CL R LCL R = D = R = 6. R = D 4 3 R = = R =

115 X UCL X = X + A R = = CL X = X = 33.6 LCL X = X A R = = X

116 df( t) f ( t) = F ( t) = dt t f ( u) du R ( t) = 0 + f ( u) du t R(t) 0 r( t) N R( t) = N

117 λ(t) r( t) λ( t) = r(t) t t t N ( t) t N S S (t) t MTBF λs N π = iλgi Qi λ S λ Gi i π Qi i N i i n

118

119

120

121 1 MTTR = n n t i i= MTTR = = =

122 λ () t = N S r() t 1 10 = = 6 6 () t t

123 λ () t = N S r( t) 1 10 = = 6 6 () t t

124 4. A. B. C. D. 5 A. B. C. D. E

125 13. A. B. C. D. 14. T r A. T/r B. T/r C. T/r D. T/χ (r-) E. r/χ (r+)

126 θˆ MTBF N0 1 t i 0 i= 1 = N 1 = 5 ( ) = 000 =

127 - 15 -

128 1 Quality Improvement PDCA Plan Do Check Act a) b) c) d) e) 3 a)

129 b) c) d) e) ) ) 5 3) 4) 5) 6 1 3) PDPC 4) 1 7 3) 4) L /T /Y /X 4

130 KJ 9 A / // QC WHO WHY HOW WHAT----- QC QC QC QC 3QC 4QC 5QC 1 6σ ppm ±1.5σ ppm DMAIC D M A I C Y=f(x) ( ( ( Yf(X)) Y=f(x)) Y=f(x)) Y=f(x))

131 DMAIC Y = f (x) Y, X S Y = f (x) Y = f (x) Y = f (x) 3 (1)(Executives) ()(Champion) (3)(MBBMasterBlackBelt)

132 (4)(BBBlackBelt) (5)(GBGreenBelt) (6)

133

134 7 A. B. C. D. 8 A. B. C. D. 9 A. B. C. D. 10 A. B. C. D. 11. A. B. C. D. 1 A. B. C. D. 13QC A. B

135 C. D DPMO = = PDPC A. A. B. D. 3 A

136 B. C. D. E. 4 5 A. B. C. D. C

137 9 A. B. C. D. 11 QC A. B. C. D. 1QC QC A. B. C. D. QC 13 QC A. B. C. D

138 14 A. B. "" C. D. E. F. 15 A. B. C. D. E. 16 A. B. C. D. E. 17 L A. T B. X C. H D. Y

139 19 A. DMAIC B. DFSS C. PDCA D. PDPC 0DMAIC A. D B. M C. I D. C E. A

140 1 a. b. c. d. e. f a) SI 7 M kg s

141 [] A [] K [] mol [] cd b) SI SI 1 c) SI SI SI d) SI SI SI 0 e) SI 16 f) 3 1) ) )

142 1 3 4 mpe

143 1 =-=-+-=+ =+= /

144 - 14 -

145 6 A. B. C. D. 7 0~ A B C. 0~1000 D. C. 1/ D

146 C. D. ± ± 3 3 q = 0.9q

147

148

149 ± ±

150 u 1 u 5 ( xi x) ( n 1) s i= 1 = = = n n mm u = u + u = mm 3 1 = D. E

151 C. D

152 1 1 EDI

153 AB CD 1 C B A A B C

154 1 CRM CRM CRM 1 /

155

156 11 A B C D

157 1 A B C D 13 A B C D 1 A B C E A B C D A 3 A B C D

158 4 A B C D 5 CRM A B C D B 6 A B C D 7 A B C D

159 A B C D 9 A B C D F 10CRM A B C D E

160 λ = P µ σ σ X µ s X ± u0. s X ± u0. s X ± u0. s X ± 95 4 u0. f e f e = r 1 = r i= r1 m r f e = m i 1 i= 1 i m i

161 S R = bl xy S e f = 1 R f e V R Ve = S / f e e F = V / V R e S = n 1 T L yy f e = n S = S + S e V R = S R σˆ = Ve T R f A B f A B f A B

162 9GBT88( ) A B C D 10013σ 6σ ( ) A3σ 7X B3σ 7X C6σ X D6σ 000X p( ) m A p = d I / ni, m 5 i= 1 m i= 1 m 1 B p = pi, m < 5 m i= 1 1 C p =, n n D 1( ) A B C D

163 13( ) A B C D 14 ( ) A B C D 15( ) A B C. D () 1( ) AP(A)0 BP( Ω )=1 CAi(i=1n)P(AlA+An)=P(A1)+P(A)++P(An) DA>BP(A B)=P(A) P(B) X λ = ( ) AP(X0)=0135 BP(X1)=

164 CVar(X)=1414 DE(X)= 3( ) A B C D u = 1 a u a a 1 u a = u u a = u a 1 u = u 1 a a 4( ) A Ai Yi B Yi C y ij D Ai Yi 5( ) A Bt C Du 6( ) A B C D 7( )

165 A B C D 8( ) A B C D 9 GB/T88 ( ) A B C D 103σ 6σ ( ) A3σ 7X B3σ 7X C6σ X D6σ 000X p ( ) A B C D 1( )

166 A B C. D 13( ) A B C D 14( ) A B C D E F 15( ) A B C D () 1σ 3(mL) 45(mL) (1) 95 1(mL)

167 ( ) A3 B31 C5 D6 ()(1) x =47(m1) a=005 ( ) A B C u0.975 = 1.96; t0.975 (31) =.0395; χ (31) = 48.3 u0.95 = 1.646; t0.95 (31) = ; χ 0.95 (31) = RQL=30 DL=I n1; A1, R1 n; A, R 4;0, = 4;1, [61) (1) OC ( ) A B C D () ( ) A B C (3) 1 ( ) A B 1 C D

168 1-15 ABCBC CDDCA AACAD 1ABC ABD 3ABC 4ABC 5AC 6BC 7ABD 8AC 9BD 10ABD 11AB 1ABCD 13ABD 14ABCDEF 15BCD 11A B 1A B 3 AD

169 () 1() 3 1() 3( ) 4 5() () 1 3 () () 1 3 () 1 PAF() 3() () 1 3()

170 () 4() () () () 1 3 () 1 () 1 3 () 1 3 ()(WTO/TBT) 1 WTO/TBT WTO/TBT

171 () 3 4 () () Kano I

172 () ISO ISO 9000 () 1 () () 1 () 1 3 () 1 3 ()

173 () () () () 1 3 () () () 1 3 ()

174 () 3 4 () () 1 3 () () () 1 3 () 1 () 1 3 () () 1 SI

175 () 3 SI SI 4 SI SI () () 1 () () () 1 () 1 () 1 3 () 1 (1) () (3) 3 (1) () A (3) B (4) (5) (6)

176 () () 1 () 1 ()

177 () 1 () () 1 () 1() 3 4 () () 1 () t χ () 1 F

178 () 3 4 () 1() 3 p () () 1 () 1() 3 p () () 1 () 1( F ) () 1 () 1 3 () () 1 ()

179 () 5 1() 3 4 OC 5α β 6 ATI AOQ AOQL ATI AOQ GBT881 1 AQL AQL GBT (ASN) GBT GBT1539 () ()

180 () σ C C p X R X s p X Me R c u R s pk 1() FMECA 5 FTA

181 () () 1 3 PDCA () 1 () 1 () 1 3 () 1 () 1 3 ()PDPC 1 PDPC PDPC 3 PDPC ()

182 () 1 3 () 1 () 1 3 () 1 3 () 1 () QC 1 QC QC ()QC 1 QC QC ()QC 1 QC QC QC ()QC 1 QC 3 QC 4 QC ( Z DPMO) 6 DMAIC

2005年全国质量专业综合知识考试大纲

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