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1 32 ( 196 ) Japanese Research Vol.32No.3 Jun.2018 ( ) :20 90 ( ) : ; ; :D5 :A : (2018) DOI: /j.cnki.rbwtyj ; ( ) ( ) ( ) 1955 ( ) 1994 : : (17AGJ008) : (1970 ) 10

2 : [1] [2] : ( ) ( ) [3] ; ; 11

3 1996 ( ) 2000 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) : 1994 [4] : ( ) ; 2 3 ; ; [5] 12

4 : 2015 : ( ) ; 2012 : ( ) ( ) : 20 [7] ( ) ( ) ( ) [6] [8] [9] ( 13

5 ) ( ) ( ) 2012 [10] ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 14

6 : 187 [11] 4 ( ) ( ) ( ) [12] ( )

7 1987 TPP (36.8%) (25.7%) (22.2%);2002 (36.5%) (25.3%) (20.2%) 1987 (50.0%) (30.7%) (14.3%) (5.0%);2002 (34.3%) (23.0%) (21.9%) 1987 (43.3%) (24.8%) (16.3%);2002 (36.7%) (30.5%) (17.5%) (13.0%) ( ) ( ) (51.1%) (22.1%) (21.4%) 5.3% 2002 (29.8%) (24.2%) 5% 20% 50% (22.5%) [13] 30% ( ) 52.1% (1987 ) : ( ) 52.8% (2002 ) (21.3%) (45%) (32%) (15.1%);2002 (30%) / (16.3%) (60%) (15.7%) ( ) (32%) (28%) (22%) / 16

8 : ; ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2001 ; ( ) [14] 1994 ( ) 1 :

9 ( ) 3 5 ( ) % % 25.0% [15] ( ) ( 1999 ) [16] 18

10 : [17] ; ( ) : ( ) ( ) : ; 1993 ; 223 ( ) ( ) 70 ; (55 ) (51 ) (35 ) (15 ) (13 ) 19

11 (4 ) ( ) ; [18] [19] % % 38.68% 21.3% 42.41% 48.3% ( ) ; 26.73% 30.6% % 79.0% 22.81% % ( ) ; % 31.7% ; 16.0% 16.7% ( ) ( ) ( ) 2014 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 70 20

12 : [20] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 21

13 ) 32 4 ; 5 ; 3 ; [21] ( ) ( ) 48 ( ) ( ) 22

14 : ( ) [22] ( ) ( ) (36 ) (72 ) 1990 ( ) [ ] [1]. [M]. : 2017:43. [2]. [M].. : 2017: [3]. [M]. : 1997: [4] [J]. 2014:(2):33. [5]. [J]. 2015(10):98. [6]. [J]. 2015(10): [7]. [J]. 2006(38):29. [8]. [M]. : 2017: [9]. [M]. : 1986: [10]. [J]. 2006(38):

15 [11]. [M]. : 1986:93. [12]. [J]. 2006(38):18. [13]. 30 [M]. : 2006: [14]W.. : 2016:671. [M] : [20] E.. ( )[M]. 2015:39.. : 2016:561. [15]. [J]. 2006(38): [16]. [M]. : 2017: [17]. [J]. 2017(11):102. [18]. [M]. : 2016:29. [19] E.. [M]. [21]. [M]. : 2014:78. [22]. [M]. : 2017: [ ] OntheCentralizationofLiberalDemocraticPartyofJapan ZHANGBo-yu (InstituteofJapaneseStudiesChineseAcademyofSocialSciencesBeijing100007China) Abstract:Sincethe1990sJapan stwomajorpoliticalsystemreformswhichhavecontinuedintermitent- lyandarestilonitsextendedlinehavepromotedthetransformationofjapan spoliticalsystemandchan- gesinthepoliticalenvironmentandalsopromotedthecentralizationoftheliberaldemocraticparty.in theliberaldemocraticpartythefunctionoftheinformalorganizationsrepresentedbyfactionalism has weakenedtheimportanceoftheexecutivedepartmentcenteredonthepresidenthasincreasedandthe powerhasconcentratedontheexecutivedepartmentcenteredonthepresident.intheactualpoliticalopera- tionthetwomajorinstitutionalefectsofthepoliticalsystemreformsnamelytheexpansionofthepower oftheprimeministerandtheconcentrationoftheliberaldemocraticpartypresident spowerinteracted andinfluencedeachotherleadingtothephenomenonof primeministerialdominance.theemergenceof AbeStrongOne isasymbolofthematurityoftheliberaldemocraticparty scentralization.thepower ofthepowerfulprimeminister(president)stilhasnoefectivecontroloverthesenate.diferentinstitu- tionalarrangementssuchastheelectionsystem ofthe HouseofRepresentativestheterm ofoficeof parliamentariansandthelegalauthorityconferredonitbytheconstitutionmakethesenatehighlyinde- pendent.atthesametimethe LiberalDemocraticPartyisindispensableforthejointcontrolofthe KomeitoPartyintheSenateaslongasitdoesnotcontrolthemajorityofseatsintheSenatealone.The primeministerisrequiredtocooperatewiththeliberaldemocraticpartywhich mustjointtopassbil withthekomeitopartyinthesenate.thesenatehasbecomethe Achiles heel oftheliberaldemo- craticparty. Keywords:Japanesepolitics;politicalsystemreform;LiberalDemocraticParty;centralization 24

2015 年第 3 期杨忠虎 : 延安时期中国共产党宣传工作的理论与实践 273 的一切宣传工作的专门负责机构, 是党对宣传一元化领导的具体执行机构关于充实和健全各级宣传部

2015 年第 3 期杨忠虎 : 延安时期中国共产党宣传工作的理论与实践 273 的一切宣传工作的专门负责机构, 是党对宣传一元化领导的具体执行机构关于充实和健全各级宣传部第 17 卷第 3 期武汉科技大学学报 ( 社会科学版 ) Vol.17,No.3 2015 年 6 月 J.ofWuhanUni.ofSci.& Tech.(SocialScienceEdition) Jun.2015 췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍 延安时期中国共产党宣传工作的