第五种物质状态的产生

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1 , ,,, 1 -BEC Scientfic American

2 1 (BEC) [1-3] JILA [4] Rice MIT [5,6] 1995,,,, , 30 - [2],, [1] :,,,,, [7,8] 2

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5 , [15], 3, 240 µ k,,,, Phillips [16], Dalibard Pritchard [17] Cohen-Tannoudji [18,19], 1 k µ Cohen-Tannoudji [20],,, -, Weiman JILA Cornell Pitrich 1995 [21] [4] Weiman [22] 0.17 µ k 5

6 0.17 µ k cm -3 -, Weiman - 4 BEC Science 269(1995), Rice Hulet - [5] [5] Rice Ketterle 5 2 µ k cm -3[6] Ketterle - [24-27] 6

7 5 MIT BEC Phys.Rev.Lett.75(1995) [27] [25] - - Feshbach [26] - 6 BEC Science, 297(1998),1005 Yale Anderson Kassevich - [25 ] Josephoson 7 7

8 7 BEC Josephoson : Science,282(1998), Ketterle [23] - 0 Rabi 8 8 8

9 - [24] 9-9 : Nature, 385(1997),685 [27,28] Ketterle Ketterle - - Feshbach [26] Feshbach

10 - Feshbach [26] 10 Feshbach Nature [29] µ K Cr 11 10

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14 1.A.Einstein, Sitzungsber.Klg.Preuss.Akad.1924, 261(1924) 2.S.N.Bose, Z. Physik, 26, 181(1924) 3.A.Einstein, Sitzungsber.Klg.Preuss.Akad.1925, 3(1925) 4.M.H.Anderson, J. R. Ensher, M. R. Matthews, C. E. Wieman and E. A. Cornell, Science, 269,198(1995). 5.C. C. Bradley, C. A. Sackett, J. J. Tollett and R.G.Hulet, Phys.Rev. Lett., 75, 1687(1995). 6. K. B. Davis, M. O. Mewes, M. R. Andrews, N. J. van Druten, D.S. Durfee, D. M. Kurn and W. Ketterle, Phys. Rev. Lett.,75, 3996(1995). 7. C. N. Yang and T. D. Lee, Phys. Rev. 87,404(1952) 8. T. D. Lee and C. N. Yang Phys.Rev. 87,410(1952) 9. A. Griffin, D.W. Snoke and S.Stringari (ed.), Bose-Einstain Condensation, Cambridge Unv.Press., K. Huang, Statistical Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons, New York, I.F.Silvera and J.T.M.Walraven, Phys. Rev. Lett.,36, 910(1980). 12. T.Hansch and A.Schawlow, Opt. Comun.,13, 68(1975) 13. V. S. Letokhov, JETP Lett..7, 272(1968). 14. S.Chu, Laser Cooling and Manipulation of atoms, and Selected Applications,in Laser manipulation of Atoms and Ions, ed. By E. Arimondo,W.D.Phillips and F.Strumia, North-Holland, 1992, S.Chu, J.E.Bjorkholm, A.Ashkin and A.Cable, Phys. Rev. Lett.,57, 314(1986). 16. W.D.Phillips and H.Metcalf, Phys. Rev. Lett.,48, 596(1982). 17. J.Dalibard, Laboratore de Soectroscopie,Universite paris VI, Previte communiction E.Raab,M.Prentiss, A. Cable, S. Chu and D. Pritchard, Phys. Rev. Lett., 59, 2631(1987). 19.A.Aspect,J.Dalibard,A.Heidmann,C.Salomon and C.Cohen-Tannoudji, Phys. Rev. Lett.,61, 826(1987). 20. C.Cohen-Tannoudji, J.Dupont-Roc and G.Grynberg, Atom-Photon Interactions, John Wiley & Sons, New York, W.Perich, M.H.Anderson, J. R. Ensher and E. A. Cornell, Phys. Rev. Lett., 74, 3352(1995). 22.C.Monroe,E.Cornell,C.Sackett,C.Myatt,abd C.Wieman, Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 414(1993). 23.M.-O.Mewes,M.R.Andrews,D.S.Durfee,D.M.Kurn,C.G.Townsend and W.Ketterle, Phys.Rev.lett.,78, 582(1997). 24. M.R.Andrews,C.G.Townsend, H.J.Miesner, D.S.Durfee, D.M.Kurn and W.Ketterle, Science,275,637(1997). 25 B.Anderson and M.Kasevich,Science,282(1998),

15 26. S. Inouye, M. Andrews, H. Miesner, D. Stamper-Kurn, and W.Kitterle, Nature H.Miesner, D. Stamper-Kurn,M. Andrews, D. Durfee,S.Inouye and W.Kitterle Science, 279 (1998), D.Kleppner,T.Greytak,T.Killian,D.Fried,L.Willmann,D.Landhuis, S.Moss, Proceeding of International School of Physics Enrico Fermi,Course 140,Dec.,1998; Lanl e-print,physics/ P.Berman, ed.,cavity Quantum Electrodynamics, Academic Press, INC.New York, (1990),389;449; 27(1998), , 22(1992), ,1998 P ,,,, 27(1998),3. 35.,,, 27(1998),12 15

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<CCE5D3FDC4DCC1A6C5E0D1F8B7BDB0B8> 目录第一章运动的法第一讲巧妙运筹, 事半功倍锻炼的法 (3) 第二讲推小车也可以练身量素质与锻炼法 (8) 第三讲走在时间的前面速度素质与锻炼法 (13) 第四讲坚持到底, 就是胜利耐素质与锻炼法 (17) 第五讲随机应变, 你行灵敏素