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1 土壤 (Soils), 2016, 48(1): DOI: /j.cnki.tr 奶牛粪蚯蚓堆肥的基质配方及对草莓育苗的影响 1,2 1,2 1, ,2 1,2,5* 3 ( ) ( ) 1/3 ( 50% ) (SPAD ) SPAD S [1] [2] [3] (Eisenia fetida) [4-5] [6] Zaller [7] Wang [8] [9] (2015-Z42)(CX(13)3037) ( C) * ([email protected]) (1990 ) @ njau.edu.cn

2 % 50% 75% 100%.... = (CK) = (T1) = (T2) = (T3).... = (T4) m 25 cm 15 cm cm ( ) 15 cm (g/cm 3 ) Table 1 表 1 育苗基质材料的理化性质 Physical and chemical properties of substrate materials (%) ph EC (ms/cm) N P 2 O K 2 O % ~ 30% GM (N.. P.. K 20%.. 20%.. 20%) 8 ~ 10 g/ 3 15 ~ 20 20% 3% 70% 12.5% 10% 1.3 ph EC [10] (4 29 ) (5 19 ) (6 19 ) 3 (8 25 ) min 80 [10] LA1600+ Canada Winrhizo2003b 2 [11] (SPAD ) SPAD502 2 [12] 1.4 SPSS 19.0 Origin 8 (LSD) ph 6.4 ~ 7.0 ph EC 0.49 ~ 1.53 ms/cm 0.36 ~ 0.70 g/cm % ~ 82.08% ~ g/kg N P 2 O 5 K 2 O 40 ~ 56 g/kg ph EC

1 3 2.2 2.2.1 3 T2 17 T4 9 (g/cm 3 ) 表 2 不同比例复配的草莓育苗基质的理化性状 Table 2 Physical and chemical properties of different substrates (%) EC (ms/cm) ph N P 2 O 5 CK 0.24 86.03 0.16 6.37 335.4 7.7 12.4 15.

5 表 3 不同处理基质对草莓繁苗数的影响 ( 平均值 ± 标准差 ) Table 3 Effects of different substrates on germination numbers of strawberry CK T1 T2 T3 T4 ( ) 16 0.33 a 13 0.33 b 17 0.67 a 14 0.88 b 9 0.33 c P<0. 05 K 2 O 2.2.2 1 T2 T2 CK T2 14.

3 T2 17 T4 9 (g/cm 3 ) 表 2 不同比例复配的草莓育苗基质的理化性状 Table 2 Physical and chemical properties of different substrates (%) EC (ms/cm) ph N P 2 O 5 CK T T T T 表 3 不同处理基质对草莓繁苗数的影响 ( 平均值 ± 标准差 ) Table 3 Effects of different substrates on germination numbers of strawberry CK T1 T2 T3 T4 ( ) a b a b c P<0. 05 K 2 O T2 T2 CK T % 20.37% 20.38% T cm ( CK) 22.56% T4 图 2 不同处理基质对草莓母株冠幅的影响 Fig. 2 Effects of different substrates on stem diameters of strawberry ( P< 0.05 ) Fig. 1 图 1 不同处理基质对草莓母株株高的影响 Effects of different substrates on plant heights of strawberry 2 T1 T2 T3 CK T2 T cm T g/

4 48 表 4 不同处理基质对草莓母株生物量的影响 Table 4 Effects of different substrates on biomasses of strawberry CK 39.60 5.70 b 10.58 2.43 b 7.32 1.38 b 1.48 0.35 b T1 44.86 1.40 b 11.27 1.75 b 9.34 0.64 b 1.63 0.

4 4 48 表 4 不同处理基质对草莓母株生物量的影响 Table 4 Effects of different substrates on biomasses of strawberry CK b b b b T b b b b T a a a a T b b b b T b b b b T2 CK 60.36% 56.32% 59.70% 77.04% T SPAD 4 Fig. 3 图 3 不同处理基质对草莓母株根系的影响 Effects of different substrates on root growths of strawberry 图 4 Fig. 4 不同处理基质对草莓母株 SPAD 值的影响 Effects of different substrates on SPADs of strawberry SPAD T2 SPAD T1 T2 SPAD SPAD SPAD ( ) 5 T2 T3 T T2 SPAD T2 CK 30.78% T2

5 1 5 图 5 不同处理基质对草莓母株叶片过氧化物酶活性的影响 Fig. 5 Effects of different substrates on peroxidase activities of strawberry 表 5 Table 5 不同处理基质对草莓一级子苗生长的影响 Effects of different substrates on growths of strawberry (cm) (cm 2 ) SPAD CK ab b c ab T b ab b ab T a a a a T b b b b T b b c c SPAD CK 43.13% 27.11% 25.34% T2 3 [13] SPAD [14] Premizic [15] Atiyeh [16] 25% ~ 50% ( ) 40% T2 (: : : ) 0.20 g/cm % ph 6.64 EC 0.67 ms/cm T2 SPAD T4 (: : ) (EC) [17 18] EC 2.6 ms/cm [19] 2.0 ms/cm [20] 1/3 [1],,,. [J]., 2013, 34(7): [2],,,. [J]., 2010, 26(6): [3],. [J]., 2006, 8(1): 6 13 [4],,,.., 2013, 45(2): [5],,,. [J/OL]., 2015, 52(6): [6] Hemati A, Alikhani H A, Marandi G B, et al. Assessment of the possibility of humic acid fxtraction from vermicompost with urea[m]//xu J M, Wu J J, He Y. Functions of natural organic matter in changing environment. Netherlands: Springer, 2013: [7] Zaller J G. Vermicompost in seedling potting media can affect germination, biomass allocation, yields and fruit quality of three tomato varieties[j]. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2007, 43: S332 S336

6 6 48 [8] Wang D H, Shi Q H, Wang X F, et al. Influence of cow manure vermicompost on the growth, metabolite contents, and antioxidant activities of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis)[j]. Biology and fertility of soils, 2010, 46(7): [9]. [J]., 2006, 21(4): [10]. [M]. 3. :, 2000: [11],,,. [J]., 2004, 21(6): [12]. [M]. 3. :, 2000: [13] Pathma J, Sakthivel N. Microbial diversity of vermicompost bacteria that exhibit useful agricultural traits and waste management potential[j]. SpringerPlus, 2012, 1(1): 1 19 [14]. [D]. :, 2013 [15] Premuzic Z, Bargiela M, Garcia A, et al. Calcium, iron, potassium, phosphorus, and vitamin C content of organic and hydroponic tomatoes[j]. HortScience, 1998, 33(2): [16] Atiyeh R M, Edwards C A, Subler S, et al. Pig manure vermicompost as a component of a horticultural bedding plant medium: Effects on physicochemical properties and plant growth[j]. Bioresource Technology, 2001, 78(1): [17] Guzman M, Olave J. Both electrical conductivity and sodium absorption ratio of the fertigation solution affect yield and quality of soilless melon crops[c]//iii international symposium on models for plant growth, environmental control and garm management in protected cultivation : [18],. EC [J]., 2014(2): [19],,. [J]., 2001, 24(3): [20],. [J]., 2004, 19(1): Substrate Formula of Cow Manure Vermicompost and Its Effects on Strawberry Seedling ZHANG Shuxuan 1,2, CHANG Jiangjie 1,2, LI Huixin 1,2, ZHAO Hejuan 3, WANG Lin 3, WANG Dongsheng 4, HU Feng 1,2, JIAO Jiaguo 1,2,5* (1 College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing , China; 2 Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing , China; 3 Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing , China; 4 Nanjing Institute of Vegetable Science, Nanjing , China; 5 Suzhou Kanglv Agricultural Development Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu , China) Abstract: In this study, the cow manure vermicompost, peat, perlite, and vermiculite were mixed with different proportions to select the best substrate for strawberry through the analysis of strawberry growth. The results showed that the substrates were general suitable for strawberry growth. Compared with the conventional substrate, the substrates mixed with different portions of vermicompost improved the quality of maternal and child strawberry (except the treatment with peat replaced by the vermicompost entirely). With the increasing proportions of vermicompost, the growth of strawberry firstly increased and then decreased. In all treatments, one-third vermicompost in substrate material volume of seedling substrate had the best effect on strawberry in general, compared with the conventional substrate, this treatment significantly increased the quality of strawberry maternal and child, and improved the plant height, biomass, root morphology index, SPAD value and peroxidase activity of the maternal strawberry, the leaf area, petiole length and petiole coarse of the child strawberry, etc. So it can be recommended for the actual production of strawberry seedling. Key words: Cow manure; Vermicompost; The substrate; Strawberry seedling

13期xin

13期xin 中国农学通报 2014,30(13):225-229 hinese gricultural Science ulletin 滴灌加工番茄测土配方施肥效果分析 1,2 张晓宏, 王著龙 3 1, 盛建东 ( 1 新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052; 2 新疆农业职业技术学院生