胸腹部损伤机理 60g Cavanaugh 5 60 ~ 80g kn 8 kn 5 kn AIS 4 25% 6 3ms GB kn FMVSS 214 TTI TTI 2 1 Fig 1 Relationshi

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1 ( 自然科学版 ) Journal of South China University of Technology Vol 40 No Natural Science Edition December X * 统计表明, 在汽车交通事故中人体胸部和腹部的损伤占很大的比例为了研究汽车碰撞事故中人体胸腹部的生物力学响应与损伤机理, 文中利用建立的人体胸 - 腹部生物力学有限元仿真模型, 并引入国际同行已进行的相同部位尸体实验研究数据, 对碰撞过程中人体胸腹部的生物力学响应进行了仿真分析文献尸体实验与仿真过程中胸腹部的受力加速度胸腹部压缩变形量以及应力应变分布等指标的对比结果表明, 仿真结果与实验数据具有很好的一致性研究表明, 人体胸 - 腹部生物力学响应的有限元模拟能够准确地反应碰撞过程中人体胸 - 腹部的损伤程度, 文中提出的模型可以用于汽车车身结构约束系统防护系统等方面的安全性设计和评估汽车安全 ; 胸腹部损伤 ; 损伤机理 ; 生物力学响应 ; 碰撞法规 TH113 doi: /j issn X NASS 35 3% 2 8% 4 6% 26 7% 18 2% 4 1% 5 1% 45% * 2009ZZ E fclan@ scut edu cn

2 胸腹部损伤机理 60g Cavanaugh 5 60 ~ 80g kn 8 kn 5 kn AIS 4 25% 6 3ms GB kn FMVSS 214 TTI TTI 2 1 Fig 1 Relationship between human injury tolerance and acceleration as well as time 6 2 胸腹部损伤评价指标 g Mertz Fig 2 Relationship between thorax acceleration and injury probability 6

3 72 ( 自然科学版 ) 40 TTI =1 4AGE +0 5 RIBy + SPINEy MASS/MASSstd 1 AGE RIBy 4 8 SPINEy C 12 AIS = C MASS MASSstd 40 ~ 90 mm 75 kg 38 4% AIS 4 25% 4 10 Forbes 12 AIS % AIS3 50% AIS3 25% Patrick Kroell 7-9 ECE R95 RDC Kroell RDC 42 mm % mm 2 3 VC AIS 3 50% 3 10 Viano VC 2 58 ~ 61 mm 25% d D t D t VC = dt D 3 D t t m VC m /s Fig Relationship between thorax compression and damage probability 10 Fig Relationship between speed and injury type 10 Fig 4 Viano VC = 1 0 m /s AIS 3 50% 4 10 VC 1 0 m /s ECE Relationship between thorax compression rate and R m /s6 10 damage probability 10 VC

4 VC Fig 6 Relationship between VC and injury probability 10 Kroell 正面与侧面碰撞下的胸腹部生物力学响应 kg cm 6 7 m /s ms8 X CT ms MRI 9 a 15 ~ 20 ms 4100 N 4250 N 5% 9 b kg ~ 30 mm 7 Fig Finite element model of thorax and abdomen based on biomechanics Fig 8 Biomechanical response to frontal collision

5 74 ( 自然科学版 ) 40 Fig Biomechanical response of thorax side collision Fig 9 9 Model-to-test comparison for frontal collision cm 50 kg 5 6 ± 0 3 m /s m /s ms ms 11 a Fig 11 Model-to-test comparison for side collision 8 ~ 12 ms N N 5% 11 b - 6

6 mm23 4 kg 6 7 m /s 150 ms Cavanaugh kg 6 1 m /s 13 a 60 ~ 80 ms N 60 ms 12 a 10% 13 b - 30 ms N 5% 12 b - 13 Fig 13 Model-to-test comparison for abdomen during side collision 12 Fig 12 Model-to-test comparison for frontal collision of bar Bir 16

7 76 ( 自然科学版 ) 40 2 Table 2 Regulations of occupant thorax injury in various countries and regions 4 汽车碰撞中胸腹部损伤的评估标准与法规分析 C 50 mm 1 Table Table 3 Regulations of occupant abdominal injury in various Human tolerance for thorax and abdomen collision countries and regions 60g 3 ms 60g TTI 85 ~ 90g ASA 30g AIS4 + 45g 39g 3 3 kn 8 8 kn 10 2 kn AIS kn 3 1 kn AIS kn 3 9 kn 6 7 kn AIS kpa AIS kpa 20% 32% 38% AIS4 + 40% 38% 48% 44% AIS3 + 1 m /s 1 m /s 1 m /s 1 m /s VC AIS m /s 1 47 m /s 1 4 m /s 1 98 m /s VC C C 75 mm C 3ms FMVSS g ECE R95 VC 1 0 m /s 2 3 C 75 mm C 60 mm 60g VC 1 0 m /s C 42 mm 2 5 kn 130g 6 kn VC 1 0 m /s 结语

8 Patrick L M Mertz H J Kroell C K Cadaver knee chest and head impact loads C Proceedings of 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference Warrendale Society of Automotive Engineers Kroell C K Schneider D C Nahum A M Impact tolerance and response to the human thorax C Proceedings of 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference Warrendale Society of Automotive Engineers Kroell C K Schneider D C Nahum A M Impact tolerance and response to the human thorax II C Proceedings of 18th Stapp Car Crash Conference Warrendale Society of Automotive Engineers Michael Kleinberger Emily Sun Rolf Eppinger Development of improved injury criteria for the assessment of ad- vanced automotive restraint systems R Washington D C National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Hu Jingwen Kathleen D Klinich Toward designing pedestrian-friendly vehicles R Michigan The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute Zhou Q Rouhana S W Melvin J W Age effect on thoracic injury tolerance C Proceedings of 40th Stapp Car Crash Conference Warrendale Society of Automotive Engineers Mertz H J Gadd C W Thoracic tolerance to whole-body deceleration C Proceedings of 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference Warrendale Society of Automotive Engineers Mertz H J Irwin A Melvin J et al Size weight and biomechanical impact response requirements for adult size small female and large male dummies C SAE Technical Paper Warrendale Society of Automotive Engineers Cavanaugh J M Zhu Y Huang Y et al Injury and response of the thorax in side impact cadaveric tests C Proceedings of 37th Stapp Car Crash Conference Warrendale Society of Automotive Engineers Viano D C Biomechanical responses and injuries in blunt lateral impact C Proceedings of 33rd Stapp Car Crash Conference Warrendale Society of Automotive Engineers Viano D C Lau I V A viscous tolerance criterion for soft tissue injury assessment J Journal of Biomechanics Forbes P A Cronin D S Deng Y C Multi-scale human body model to predict side impact thoracic trauma J International Journal of Crashworthiness J Cao Li-bo Wu Shi-bing Study on the method of simulation to evaluation the occupant ingurg of side impact the thorax J Beijing Automotive Engineering Chung J Cavanaugh J M King A I et al Thoracic injury mechanisms and biomechanical responses in lateral velocity pulse impacts C Proceedings of 43rd Stapp Car Crash Confe-rence Warrendale Society of Automotive Engineers Neathery R F Analysis of chest impact response data and scaled performance recommendations C Proceedings of 18th Stapp Car Crash conference Warrendale Society of Automotive Engineers Bir Cynthia Viano David King Albert Development of biomechanical response corridors of the thorax to blunt ballistic impacts J Journal of Biomechanics

9 78 ( 自然科学版 ) 40 Biomechanical Responses and Injury Evaluation of Human Thorax and Abdomen During Vehicle Collision Lan Feng-chong Cai Zhi-hua Chen Ji-qing Ma Zheng-wei School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Automotive Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong China Abstract Statistical data has shown that the thoracic and abdominal injury takes a great proportion in the human injury in vehicle traffic accidents In order to investigate the biomechanical responses to the injuries of human thorax and abdomen and the corresponding mechanisms during vehicle collision a biomechanical finite element model of human thorax and abdomen is constructed the data of cadaver tests of human thorax and abdomen performed by international peer scholars are introduced and then biomechanical responses of human thorax and abdomen during vehicle collision are simulated in terms of force acceleration compression deformation and stress-strain distribution It is found from a comparative analysis that the simulated results accord well with the tested ones and that the finite element simulation of biomechanical responses of human thorax and abdomen accurately reflects the injury degree during the collision It is thus concluded that the proposed model can be applied to the optimal design and evaluation of vehicle structure safety restraint system and protection system Key words vehicle safety thoracic /abdominal injury injury mechanism biomechanical response collision regulation 殰櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆殰 ~ 1500 m /min 5 櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆櫆殰殰

/MPa / kg m - 3 /MPa /MPa 2. 1E ~ 56 ANSYS 6 Hz (a) 一阶垂向弯曲 (b) 一阶侧向弯曲 (c) 一阶扭转 (d) 二阶侧向弯曲 (e) 二阶垂向弯曲 (f) 弯扭组合 2 6 Hz

/MPa / kg m - 3 /MPa /MPa 2. 1E ~ 56 ANSYS 6 Hz (a) 一阶垂向弯曲 (b) 一阶侧向弯曲 (c) 一阶扭转 (d) 二阶侧向弯曲 (e) 二阶垂向弯曲 (f) 弯扭组合 2 6 Hz 31 3 Vol. 31 No. 3 218 9 Journal of Shijiazhuang Tiedao University Natural Science Edition Sep. 218 1 1 2 1 2 1 1. 543 2. 543 U462. 3 217-2 - 16 A 295-373 218 3-63 - 6 1-4 5-7 8-11 1 11 11 398 mm 86 mm