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1 Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, May 2010, 18(3): DOI: /SP.J * 史金才 ** 廖新俤吴银宝 ( ) 本文采用玻璃厌氧发酵罐研究了猪粪牛粪鸡粪和鸭粪在室温下发酵 20 d 过程中产甲烷气量及其受物料特性影响的规律, 为动物废弃物的资源化利用提供指导研究表明, 在同等条件下猪粪牛粪鸡粪和鸭粪经过 20 d 的厌氧发酵后, 总产气量从大到小排序为牛粪 > 鸭粪 > 猪粪 > 鸡粪, 分别为 ml ml ml ml; 与总产气量排序相似, 上述粪便厌氧发酵总固体物质降解产气率分别为 ml g ml g ml g 1 和 ml g 1 猪粪在厌氧发酵过程中易发生酸化, 第 10 d 发酵液 ph 降到 5.62, 从而导致产气量下降 ; 鸡粪在厌氧发酵过程中铵态氮含量过高, 发酵液铵态氮含量在前 5 d 就快速增长, 第 15 d 达到最大值 mg L 1, 从而抑制产气可见, 源于物料自身的 ph 和铵态氮含量变化是影响畜禽粪便发酵液厌氧产气的重要因素畜禽粪便厌氧发酵甲烷 ph 铵态氮 : X713 : A : (2010) Methane generation during anaerobic fermentation of four livestock slurries SHI Jin-Cai, LIAO Xin-Di, WU Yin-Bao (College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou , China) Abstract In order to promote livestock slurry recycling, the characteristics of methane generation from pig manure, cow dung, chicken dung and duck dropping during anaerobic fermentation were analyzed by using glass anaerobic fermentation equipment. On specific dates, the methane volume, ph and ammonia nitrogen content of fermentation liquid were measured within 20 days. The results show that after 20 days fermentation, total generated methane from cow dung, duck dropping, pig manure, chicken dung is respectively ml, ml, ml and ml. The volume of methane generated from per unit total solids is respectively ml g 1, ml g 1, ml g 1 and ml g 1. Pig manure prone to acidification during anaerobic fermentation, ph of fermentation liquid decreases to 5.62 at the first 10 days, thereby reducing methane generation. For the chicken manure under anaerobic condition, methane generation weakens with increasing ammonia nitrogen. It is therefore concluded that both ph and ammonia nitrogen soured by fermentation of raw materials are the key factors influencing methane generation of livestock slurries. Key words Livestock slurry, Anaerobic fermentation, Methane, ph, Ammonia nitrogen (Received Jan. 12, 2010; accepted March 18, 2010),,, [1],, [2] [3] [4], ( ) 21.0 kg 3.3 kg 0.26 kg, ph [5 6] * (2007BAD89B14) ** : 俤 (1968~),,,, xdliao2002@yahoo.com.cn (1982~),,, s.jincai@gmail.com : :

2 3 : 4 633, [7 8] 4,, 1 材料与方法 1.1,, (), ( 1) ml 3, 3,, ; 500 ml ; 250 ml, Livestock slurry Tab. 1 Total nitrogen 表 1 试验用畜禽粪便样品成分 Compositions of livestock slurries used in the experiment Total phosphorus Total potassium Volatile solid (%) Available nitrogen Organic matter Pig manure 25.56± ± ± ±1 0.98± ±10 Cow dung 17.75± ± ± ±1 0.13± ±10 Chicken dung 35.40± ± ± ±1 0.66± ±20 Duck dropping 8.46± ± ± ±1 1.30± ±10 Fig. 1 图 1 试验用厌氧发酵装置示意图 Sketch map of anaerobic fermentation equipment used in the experiment , 3 ; : 100 ml 100 g, ml; 100 ml, ml,, : 8:00 20:00 2,, 20 d 产气量测定, 0.5 mol L 1 NaOH, NaOH, 99.8% [9 10], NaOH, NaOH, 8:00 16:00 24:00 3,, (ml d 1 ), (ml),, 发酵液测定, (PHS-25) ph; 5 d 10 ml, [11] 沼渣测定,, 40, (TS) [12], TS TS TS ; TS TS, ml g 1 2 结果与分析 a 2a,

3 d,, 504 ml,, 2 d,, 4 d 8 d 8 d, 276 ml 250 ml 281 ml;, 3 d, 2b,, 3~10 d ; 10 d 3,, 20 d, 20 d ; 2~10 d 20 d, : >>>, 2 649±123.5 ml 2 515±125.0 ml 1 964±118.1 ml 1 278±263.8 ml, 411±53.9 ml Fig. 2 图 2 不同畜禽粪便发酵过程日产气量 (a) 和累积产气量 (b) 的变化 Dynamics of daily methane volume (a) and accumulated methane volume (b) during the anaerobic fermentation of various livestock slurries ph 3, 1~6 d ph, 6 d, ,,, 12~20 d ph 6.80 ph 10 d, 10 d ph 5.62,, 15~20 d, ph 5.71 ph 1~2 d, 3 d,, 8~20 d ph 6.45 图 3 不同畜禽粪便发酵过程中发酵液 ph 的变化过程 Fig. 3 Dynamics of ph of anaerobic fermentation liquid during fermentation of various livestock slurries ph, ph, ph 6.4 [13],, , 5 d,,, 5 d ;, ph ( 3), mg L mg L mg L 1 51 mg L 1 5 d, 15 d, mg L 1,, mg L 1 (P>0.05), (P<0.05) Starkenburg [14] mg L 1 ; [13], 1 500~3 000 mg L 1, ph 7.4,, mg L 1, ph,,

4 3 : TS TS 3,, 20 d, 57.52% 56.75%; 52.87%, 38.07%, (P>0.05), (P<0.05) : >> >,, >>>,, (P>0.05) 表 2 发酵过程中不同畜禽粪便厌氧发酵液中铵态氮含量的变化 Tab. 2 Changes of ammonia-n contents of anaerobic fermentation liquids during fermentation of various livestock slurries Fermentation time (d) Pig manure Cow dung Chicken dung Duck dropping mg L 1 Control 0 851±67b 397±23c 2 701±177a 350±37c 53±3d 5 554±88b 196±8c 3 426±415a 167±16c 46±2d ±63b 212±10c 3 532±358a 212±17c 53±2d ±76b 209±9c 3 604±37a 232±19c 63±3d ±73b 209±8c 3 441±328a 245±10c 51±2d (P<0.05), Different letters in one line show significant difference among treatments (P>0.05). The same below. 表 3 不同畜禽粪便厌氧发酵后 TS 降解率和 TS 降解产气率 Tab. 3 TS degradation rate and methane generation related to TS degradation after anaerobic fermentation of various livestock slurries Item Pig manure Cow dung Chicken dung Duck dropping TS TS degradation rate (%) 52.87±4.13ab 56.75±4.98a 38.07±3.11b 57.52±6.26a TS Methane generation through TS degradation (ml g 1 ) 37.41±2.49a 47.60±5.47a 33.49±5.81a 45.23±7.02a 3 讨论与结论,, ph 6.4 [13], mg L 1 [13 14], 4, ph 6.4, mg L 1,, 1~6 d ph, 6 d (6.8),, 12~20 d 7.0 [15] ph 3 d(6.7) 7 d 7.0,,,, [16], [13] 3,,,,,,,, [17], [18] 4, [19], [20], > > [21], 3,,,, ph,,, 3,,, ;,,,, ph,,,

5 ,, 4, 参考文献 [1] Maraseni T N, Maroulis J. Piggery: From environmental pollution to a climate change solution[j]. Journal of Environmental Science & Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants & Agricultural Wastes, 2008, 43(4): [2],, Henriksen K. [J]., 2006, 26(1): [3],,,. [J]., 2007, 26(1): [4],,. [J]., 2009, 17(4): [5],. [J]., 2007, 23(7): [6] Chae K J, Jang A M, Yim S K, et al. The effects of digestion temperature and temperature shock on the biogas yields from the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure[j]. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(1): 1 6 [7] Creamer K S, Williams C M, Chen Y, et al. Implications of urine-to-feces ratio in the thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine waste[j]. Water Environment Research, 2008, 80(3): [8] Vedrenne F, Béline F, Dabert P, et al. The effect of incubation conditions on the laboratory measurement of the methane producing capacity of livestock wastes[j]. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(1): [9],,,. [J]., 2003(2): [10],. [J]., 2003, 39(2): [11],. [M]. 4. :, 2002: [12]. [M]. 3. :, 2000: [13],. [M]. :, 1989: 94, 106, [14] Starkenburg W. Anaerobic treatment of wastewater: State of the art [J]. Microbiology, 1997, 66: [15],,,. [J]., 2007, 23(3): [16],,,. [J]., 2008, 24(4): [17]. [J]., 2003(2): [18],,,. [J]., 2009, 28(1): [19],,. [J]., 2009, 28(1): [20],,,. [J]., 2008, 27(4): [21],,,. [J]., 2007, 23(11):

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