中國的科學與中國的公民：大陸研究在台灣的困境\\

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1 * ** OECD NGO 1 Independent Commission * ** 1 C.95.XII.18

2 162 on International Humanitarian Issues 2 minorities ILO Tribal people indigenous people Independent Commission on International Humanitarian Issues, Indigenous Peoples: A global guest for justice, Zed, 1987, p. 6. E/CN4/Sub2/1986/7/Add.4 (1986). Ibid. Paragraph

3 nation-state 7 terra nullius Nation State

4 plantation 11 marginal population indigena 10 11

5 neo- colony 12 indigenous peoples 13 red power IITC Ten Years of Actirities (Washingtin, D.C.: OAS,1982) pp NGO NGO

6 166 NGO title GA Res. 3/275 (May 11, 1949)

7 Jose R. Martinez Cobo Non-Government Organizations, NGOs NGO Revue Hellenique De Droit International No (1966). 20 United Nations, Study of the Problem of the Discrimination Against Indigenous Populations, UN Doc. E/ CN.4/Sub.2/1986/7. And Add Ibid. 22 Inuit Circumpolar Conference (Alaska, 1977, Greenland 1980) Three General Assemblies of World Council of Indigenous Peoples (Sweden, 1977, Australia, 1981, Panama, 1984) International NGO Conference on Discrimination Against Indigenous Populations in America (Geneva, 1977) The First Congress of Indian Movement of South America (Peru, 1980) International NGO Conference on Indigenous Peoples and the Land (Geneva, 1981) 23 NGO Russel L. Barsh, Revision of ILO Convention No A.J.I.L. (1987) pp UN Doc. A/ CONF.92/40, p.14 (1978) 25 NGO Russel L. Barsh,,op.cit, A.J.I.L., p.371.

8 ILO ILO native labor ILO Committee of Expert on Native Labour 29 ILO ILO Sub-Commission s Res. 2 (XXXIV) (Sept ), Commission s Res. Res. 1982/19 (Mar. 10), ECOSOC Res. 1982/34 (May 7) GA Res. 48/163 (Dec 21, 1993)

9 ILO UNESCO 33 ILO 34 ILO ILO ILO 32 E/CN.4/Sub.2/1986/7/Add.4 33 World Bank, Operational Directive 4.30 Involuntary Resettlement ILO, Report VI(1) &(2): Partial Revision of Indigenous and Tribal Populations Conventions, 1957 (No.107), ILO Conference 75 th sess ILO

10 ILO WHO The Constitution of World Health Organization WHO 37 WHO WHA WHA WHO WHA 38 WHA EB99 23 WHA 36 J.W. Bruegel, Um einen Wirksamen Schutz der Minderheiten, 50. Die Friedens-Wsrts, No.1, (1950)

11 Pan-American Health Organization PAHO WHA Tauranga WHO WHO WHO 41 WHO 39 E/CN.4/Sub.2/AC.4/1997/ Ibid. 41 E/CN.4/Sub.2/AC.4/1997/4 8-12

12 172 WHO WHO 42 IBRD IDA NGO U.N. Doc. A/52/ Inis L. Claude Jr. The Nature and Status of the Sub-commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities 5 International Organization No (1951). 44 V. Tauli Corpuz, 1993: An Indigenous People s Perspective on environment and Development, IWGIA Newsletter, No. 1, World Bank, Operational Directive 4.30 Involuntary Resettlement 1990.

13 NGO OECD OECD OECD Definition and Classification of Minorities, U.N. Doc No E/CN, Secretariat on Prevention of Discrimination U.N. Doc E/CN 4/Sub 2/85 (1949). 48 Live in Rio 49 GAOR. XVI, 3rd Cttee.1103rd Mtg, 14 Nov pp

14 Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples GA/Ges 1545(V) 55 GA/Ges 1545(VII) 56 Kay, David A., The Politics of Decolonization: The New Nations and the United Nations Political Process, International Organization, 21, (Autumn 1961), p GAOR. XXI Annexes. Vol. III, Agenda item 87, p.91, par. 457.

15 Mi kmaq People Russel Barsh, Indigenous North American and Contemporary International Law, Oregon Law Review, Vol.64, NO.1(1983) p Sara Pritchard, The Right of Indigenous Peoples to Self-Determination under International Law, Aboriginal Law Bulletin(Aboriginal Law Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia) Vol.2, No.565(1992) p E/CN 4/Sub 2/384/Rew.1 (1979) GAOR A/39/40(1981).

16 176 province of Alberta Cree People 65 NGO GAOR A/42/40(1990). 66 Russel L. Barsh, op. cit., A.J.I.L., p United Nations Study of the Problem of Discrimination Against Indigenous Populations (Jose R. Martinez Cobo, Special Rapporteur) Un. Sales No. E. 86XIV 3. P Statement on Self-Determination by the Participants at the Indigenous Peoples Preparatory Meeting, Para.5 (Genera, Aug. 1987).

17 NGO occupancy conquest cession The Minorities Problem 14New Europe No Report of the Working Group on Indigenous Populations on its eleventh session, UN Doc., E/CN.4/Sub.2/1993/ Hurst Hannum, Autonomy Sovereignty, and Self-Determination, p.95. Univ. of Pennsylvania press, 1990, pp

18 Royal Proclamation Russel L. Barsh, op. cit., p Russel Barsh, op. cit., p Committee on Aboriginal Rights in Canada, Aboriginal Rights in Canada: An agenda for Action, Maclean's, October, 19, 1992.

19 Cooper V Stuart 80 Coe V the Commonwealth of Australia 81 Milirrpum 82 Ex Parte Meneling Station Cooper v.s. Stuart (1889) 14 App. Cas. 286, ALJR (1979), Milirrpum and Others v.s. Nabaleo Pty Ltd. And Commonwealth (1970), 17 FLR Ex Parte Meneling Station (1982) 57 AL J. R 59 (1982), 44 ALR

21 UNESCO 88 ethnocide Genocide U.N. Doc.:E/CN.4/Sub.2/1982./2/Add Explanatory Note Concerning the Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, UN Doc. E/ CN.4/ Sub.2/ 1993/26/Add.1. 90

22 182 Our Common Future OECD UNEP Richard N.Gardner, The United Nations in Crisis: Cuba and the Congo, Department of State Bulletin, 48 (April 1, 1963) UN Doc., E/CN.4/Sub.2/1992/31, World Commission on Environment. 92 GAOR.XVI Annexes. Agenda Items 88 and 22 (a), 18.Richard Pipes, Solving the Nationality Problem, Problem of Communism, 16 (September-October, 1967), pp IWGIA, IWGIA YEARBOOK and Development 1987 Report. 93 C.93I.8 (A/CONF.151/26/Rev.1) /7 No.60. S.K. Panter-Brick, The Right of Self-Determination: Its Application to Nigeria, International Affairs, 44 (April, 1968), pp

23 UNESCO c right to development Report IV(1) (2A) & (2B): Partial Revision of the Indigenous and Tribal Populations Conventions, 1989, (No.169). 98

24 OECD NGO E/CN.4/1995/2.E/CN.4/Sub.2/1994/56, pp

25 NGO NGO Working Group on Indigenous Populations 104 UNESCO Genocide ILO ILO Burger, Julian, 1987, Report From the Frontier, London: Zed Books Ltd. p Apaza J.T., 1985 The Indians Are Revolution, in Brosted et al. Eds., Native Power, Oslo: Universitetsforlaget AS., pp

26 186 The International Year for the World's Indigenous Peoples 108 Genocide Ethnocide 108 Study of the Legal Validity of the Undertakings Concerning Minorities, U.N. Doc. No. E/CN, 4/367(1950) U.N. Doc. No. E/CN 4/Sub 2/6. News

27 transnational NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO

28 188 International Law and the Rights of Indigenons Peoples Li Ming-Juinn Chieh-Lin HSU Abstract This article introduces international protection for indigenous people from two aspects: special considerations for indigenous people in international organizations, and content of indigenous rigerts. First of all, working group on Indigenous sopulations of UN s Commission on Human Rights was set up in 1982 to devocate international law-making for indigenons peoples. In 1993, the Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous people was submistted the fue Economic and social council. Moreover, International Labor Organization passed No.107 (modified as No.169) Convention to recognize indigenous rigats. In addition, World Health Organization, World Bank and OECD have made efforts to promote protection for indigecous peopee s health and euvironment. Secondly, other than traditionally touched upon issues, such as right to self-determination, right of primary occupancy, this article emphasizes emerging rights of indigenous peopee, in euding cultural, environmental, educational and developmental rights. Finally, by reckoning new awareness towerel indigecons rights in international society, and stressing the importance of NGO in this regard, this article attempts to find a feasible road for indigions people s recovery.

全球化与中国国内劳动力流动：新趋势与政策含义

全球化与中国国内劳动力流动：新趋势与政策含义 Working Paper Series No.48 2005 8 1 WTO 2004 2004 10 9 15 1900 200 2005 18 25 2004 2005 1/3 100 503 57.1% 73.2% 58.6% 14.6 WTO 1 2 3 10 20 90 2 Solinger 1999 2001 WTO 2001 6.8%2004 35.4% 1 2004 12.4% 3