3 : 905 ShidaoofXishaIslandscombinedwithothergeophysicsdatathegeodynamicbackgroundand forcesourceofbasinexpansionareanalyzedinsitustressesweremeasured

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1 CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS Vol58No3 Mar (3): doi:106038/cjg ZhangC YWangZFFanT Yetal2015CrustalstressmeasurementinshalowbasementofShidaoofXishaIslandsand analysisofitsgeodynamicsignificancechinesejgeophys(inchinese)58(3): doi:106038/cjg * ( ) m 1A m 11258~12620m ~2085MPa 1597~1829 MPa 2286~2668 MPa SV>SH >Sh - GPS 1A 1A ; ; ; ; doi:106038/cjg P738P CrustalstresmeasurementinshalowbasementofShidaoofXishaIslands andanalysisofitsgeodynamicsignificance ZHANG Chong-Yuan 12 WANGZhen-Feng 3 FAN Tao-Yuan 12 HOU Chun-Tang 2 FU Chang-Lei 4 OU Ming-Yi 2 WANG Xi-Hai 2 CHEN Qun-Ce 12* 1Key Laboratoryof Neotectonic Movement & GeohazardMinistryof Land and ResourcesBeijing100081China 2Instituteof GeomechanicsChinese Academyof GeologicalScienceBeijing100081China 3CNOOC China LtdZhanjiangZhanjiang Guangdong524057China 4Instituteof GeologyChinese Academyof GeologicalScienceBeijing100037China Abstract Inordertounderstandthestressfieldcharacteristicsandcarryoutgeodynamicstudyof SouthChinaSeatheXike1A wellocatedinshidaoofxishaislandswasdriledforhydraulic fracturinginsitustress measurementusinginsitustresstestresultsinshalow basementof ( ) zhchongyuan@126com * chenqunce@sinacom

2 3 : 905 ShidaoofXishaIslandscombinedwithothergeophysicsdatathegeodynamicbackgroundand forcesourceofbasinexpansionareanalyzedinsitustressesweremeasuredbyusinghydraulic fracturingmethodwiththestandardequipmentandproceduresuggestedbyinternationalsociety forrock Mechanics (ISRM)Thecriticalpressure parametershut-in pressure (Ps)was processedanddetermined withthesingletangent methoddp/dt methoddt/dp methodand MuskatmethodTheorientationofthemaximum horizontalprincipalstresswasdeterminedby impressiontechniqueadditionalysomerepresentativerockspecimensfrom the115314~ m wereselectedto makerockthinsectionsforobservationanddeterminationofrock microstructureandcharacteristicsneartheshalowbasement The126807m-deepXike1A welrevealedanabout125752m-deepsedimentarycoverthat mainlyconsistsofbioclasticlimestonemarbleizedlimestoneanddensesedimentarymarbleand reachedtheshalowbasementwhichconsistsofquartzdioriteandgraniteinthisboreholewe conductedhydraulicfracturingstressmeasurementsat5depthintervalsbetween11258~12620 m andobtainedthe maximum horizontalprincipalstressesof1709~2085 MPathe minimum horizontalprincipalstressesbetween1597~1829 MPaandtheestimatedverticalprincipal stressesbetween2286~2668 MPaThefeatureofcrustalstressesisSV >SH >Sh andthe verticalprincipalstressplaysadominantrolewhichispronetotheactivityofnormalfault InfluencedbyfaultsaroundtheXishaTroughcrustalstresslevelisrelativelylowImpression testsshow thattheorientationsofthe maximum horizontalprincipalstressesin basementof XishaIslandsarefrom nearlyew tonwthedominantdirectionnwwcoincideswelwith existing GPS measurementsshear wavespliting measurementsandsurface waveinversion datawhichshowthewelconsistencyoflithospheredeformationofxishaislandsthefeatureof crustalstressimpliesthatthe crust basement of XishaIslandsisin an extensionalstress environmentcrustalstressfieldhereisjointlyconstrainedbyplatemovementsandupwelingof theearth smantle materialofnorthwesternsouthchinaseaanalysisfrom measuredinsitu stress data of Northwestern South China Sea indicates that the regional principal stress orientationsaresimilarandhencethisregionisduringinauniform andstablebackgroundof tectonicmovement Keywords Xike1A wel;shalowbasement;hydraulicfracturingstressmeasurement;geodynamic significance;xishaislands;northwesternsouthchinasea 1 ( 1997; 2009) ( 2014) - - GPS ( ) OBS ( 2011a; ( )2011) ( 2011b) ( ) ( ) ( 2006; 2011;

3 906 (ChineseJGeophys) ) /(2011; 26~ 2009) ( 2010; km ;Shietal2002; 2014; ( 2011ab) 2000ab) ( 1) (AmadeiandStephansson1997; V U 2012;Liaoetal2003; 2014; 2009; 2014;Sunetal2014;Wuet 1500~8000m al2009; 2013;Zhangetal2014) ( 2012) ( 1994) ( 2010) ( 2000; Shietal2002) 16km (Wissmannetal1996; 2006; ) ( 1993; 2014) GPS ( 2002)OBS ( 2006) 1A (2012) Wissmann 1A (1996) Qiu (2001) 2 79mW m -2 ( 2003) 2 ( 2011a;Weiand Chung1995) ( 2014)

3 : 907 1 ( 2014) Fig1 SchematicmapoftectonicbackgroundofSouthChinaSea(AfterChenetal2014) 1251 m : ( 1997) 1465 Ma ( 2010) (2014) 77 (Liuetal (2009)

4 3 : ( 2014) Fig1 SchematicmapoftectonicbackgroundofSouthChinaSea(AfterChenetal2014) 1251 m : ( 1997) 1465 Ma ( 2010) (2014) 77 (Liuetal (2009) 2006; 2013) ( 2009) 1A ~12675m ( 2) ( 3) 1999 M S ~ 3 1A 12596m 5m XS1 XS2 XS3 1A m m XS4 45% m 35% 15% km -

908 (ChineseJGeophys) 58 2 1A Fig2 TypicalrockofdeepXike1A welatshidao 3 1A ( ) (a) ;(b) ;(c) ; (d) Hbl

(a)bioclasticlimestone;(b)quartzdiorite;(c)biotiteadamelite;(d)moyite

5 908 (ChineseJGeophys) A Fig2 TypicalrockofdeepXike1A welatshidao 3 1A ( ) (a) ;(b) ;(c) ; (d) Hbl Pl Kfs Bt Qtz Fig3 RockphotomicrographofXike1A welatshidao(crossedpolars) (a)bioclasticlimestone;(b)quartzdiorite;(c)biotiteadamelite;(d)moyite Hbl:hornblendePl:plagioclaseKfs:potashfeldsparBt:biotiteQtz:quartz 05~ 15~3 mm 1mm; ; ; ; ; - ; XS5-40% 30% 25% XS4 XS5 XS6-15~3 mm; - 15~2mm; 1~2 mm 4 1A ; XS6 60% 30% 10%

3 : 909 (ISRM) (HaimsonandCornet2003) 108342m 108342~ 125752m 125752 m ( ) ( 4) 1000m 96686~ 111172m 4889 m 776m 41 1A 42 1A 2km 2 1A 1000 m 35 MPaMAHA (50

6 3 : 909 (ISRM) (HaimsonandCornet2003) m ~ m m ( ) ( 4) 1000m 96686~ m 4889 m 776m 41 1A 42 1A 2km 2 1A 1000 m 35 MPaMAHA (50 MPaAR 1 ) 138m 375m 340m 006 km 2 ; / ( ) ( ) 1A m m 50 mm 95mm 1A / 0~125752m 95mm 84mm 4 Fig4 Sketchmapofhydraulicfracturingandimpressiontest

7 910 (ChineseJGeophys) 58 1A 2m (Zobacketal1977;Durham 2cm andbonner1994) 1A ~ m P p P r (1) (Itoetal1999;Itoetal2013) : ; S H =3P s-2p r (3) ; n S V = ρ (4) igdi i=1 Kirsch Bredehoeft (1976) Haimson(1980) ρ i i ;g : ;D i i ;n S H =3P s-p r-p p (1) 0~108342m S h = P s (2) P s P r 20g cm -3 ;108342~125752m P p P s 281g cm -3 ;125752~ m 265g cm A dp/ dp/dt dt/dp Muskat - dt dt/dp Muskat 4 5 ISRM (Haimsonand Cornet 2003) (1) (3) (1) ( 5) (3) 1A 1 Ito (1999) 1 1A Table1 ResultsofhydraulicfracturingstresmeasurementofXike1Awel /m PH Pb Pr Ps T SH Sh SV SH NW NE NW36 :PH- ( 103kN m -3 46m);Pb- (MPa );Pr- ;Ps- ;T- ;SH- ;Sh- ;SV-

8 3 : Fig5 Testcurvesofhydraulicfracturingtest m m m 12596m 12620m 8 (WSM 2008) (Heidbachetal ) ( 2013) ( 2014) 44 ( 1A 11258~ 2000) 12620m 1709~ ( 2014) 2085MPa 1597~1829 MPa 2286~ 2668 MPa S V >S H >S h m 1709 MPa ~2085 MPa (111 E 119 E14 N 19 N) ; 12543~12620m NE76 -NW36 ( ) (S V /S H S V /S h ) (S H /S h )107~ A

$912 (ChineseJGeophys) 58 Fig6 6 Verticalinduce-fracturetraceofimpressiontest ( 2005;$ $directionsdeterminedbyimpressiontests (JXisbaselineandPLishydraulicfracturedirection)$

9 912 (ChineseJGeophys) 58 Fig6 6 Verticalinduce-fracturetraceofimpressiontest ( 2005; 2013) ( ) 1A 7 1A (JX PL ) Fig7 Maximumhorizontalprincipalstress directionsdeterminedbyimpressiontests (JXisbaselineandPLishydraulicfracturedirection) 8 ( WSM2008(Heidbachetal2008)) Fig8 StressenvironmentofNorthernSouthChinaSea(afterWSM2008(Heidbachetal2008))

10 3 : A 52 (Lucyetal2005) GPS ( 2012) ( 1987) m s -2 (2000a) ( ) 46 mm ( 2012) (2010) GPS (Shietal 30mm a -1 ; 2002) (2014) (2010) 121mm a -1 NE110 ( 2011ab) ( ( 2009; 2006) 2014) 030 ScS SKS (ZandtandAmmon1995;Christensen1996) S 030 ( 2012) (2006) ScS ( )(Ji (567km) etal2009) NE94 ( 2011a) ( 2009; 2011; (2009) SKS 2011a; 2013; 2011) NW75 ( 2004) ( 2014) ( ) GPS Silver (1996) ( 2010)

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15 918 (ChineseJGeophys) 58 : 44(1): [ ] : 37(4): (10): (1): doi:106038/cjg (12): doi:10 // 3969/jissn (2): : 2471doi:103969/jissn : 41(10): (1):57-66doi:10 30( ): /jissn (D )35(8): (6): doi:106038/ cjg (1): a 2000b (D )30(6): : (10): (11): (1):98-107doi:103969/jissn (3):63-68 ( )

14 17.,., Fig. 1 Bougeur gravity map of research region 2 Fig. 2 Magnetic map of research region

14 17.,., Fig. 1 Bougeur gravity map of research region 2 Fig. 2 Magnetic map of research region 1 7 1 Vol. 17 No. 1 2002 3 (13 23) PROGRESS IN GEOPHYSICS March 2002 (,,100101) [ ],, 39.,,. [ ] ; ; [] P738 [] A [ ]100422903 (2002) 0120013211 0,,.,,, NE [1 ],.., ( NE, EW,NE ),.,.,,. 1 20 20 km ( 10