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15 78 MicroEventsand MacroHistory:AnInterpretationof ZuozhuanintheViewofHistoricalAesthetics LuXinsheng Keywords:microevents;macrohistory;historicalaesthetics Abstract:Therewereseveralmicroeventswhichhavegreatimpactstotheprocessofthedevelopmentofhistorybut haven tbeentakenseriouslybythehistorianstoday.tosurveysuchevents,zhuozhuanisasuitableexample.as Zhuozhuanrecords,QiandLubecameenemiesandconflicted,Jintransformedfromdisordertostabilityandultimately gaveuptheoriginalrelationshipwithqin.ifweanalyzethetwotragediesinvolvedinthesethreeincidentsthroughthe viewofhistoricalaesthetics,itisevidentthattheyweremicroeventswhichlaunchedgreatimpactstomacrohistory. TheperspectiveofZhuozhuantoreviewthehistoryisreflecting macrochangesfrom microevents.thismethodhas groundbreakingmeaningandcanbealeadingmodelforchinesehistoriographylater. ( 34 ) AStudyonQinDynasty s ChengDanChong Alongwiththe DiscussionontheUniqueCharacteristicsoftheQin slaw ZhangXinchao Keywords:theQindynasty;Chengdanchong;Qin slaw;addedpenaltymeasures Abstract: Cheng danchong intheqindynastyhadtwodefinitions;onereferstoalevelofpunishment,theother referstoakindofcriminal.cheng danchongasalevelofpunishmentincludedtwogenres:xingcheng danchongand wancheng danchong.xingcheng danchongcouldbefurtherdistinguishedintoqing weicheng danchongandzhan weicheng danchong.qing yicheng danchong andzhanqingcheng danchong,ontheotherhand,belongedtothe categoryofincreasedpenalty. Naicheng danchong didnotexist.cheng danchong asakindofcriminalcouldbe distinguishedintotwomaintypes,chen dan andchong.cheng dan canbedistinguishedintoxiaocheng dan zhang cheng danandcheng dan whilechongcouldbedistinguishedintoxiaochongandchong.cheng danchongandother criminalswere mingledtogether whentheyservedtheirforcedlabour.whentheforcedlabourhadcertainskils requirement,theskilsfactor wasthetop priority whileotherfactorssuchasgender,ageand punishmentcame secondary.theintensityofforcedlabourwasnotareliableframeofreferencetomeasuretheweightofpunishment. TheQindynasty scheng danchongalsohadotherimportantaddedpenaltymeasuressuchashavingone swifeand childconfiscatedandtobesupervisedbyothercriminals whohadtoserveacomparativelylightersentence.these measureswereimportantdistinguishing marksthatdiferentiatedcheng danchongfromothercriminals.toacertain degree,theabove-mentioneduniquecharacteristicsofcheng danchong werealsotheuniquecharcteristicsoftheqin dynasty spenalty.

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