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- 虹眠 公冶
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1 [ ] ; ; ; [ ] ; ; ( ) ( ) ( ) ~ ~89 ; (2007)
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12 78 MicroEventsand MacroHistoryAnInterpretationof ZuozhuanintheViewofHistoricalAesthetics LuXinsheng Keywordsmicroevents;macrohistory;historicalaesthetics AbstractTherewereseveralmicroeventswhichhavegreatimpactstotheprocessofthedevelopmentofhistorybut haven tbeentakenseriouslybythehistorianstoday.tosurveysucheventszhuozhuanisasuitableexample.as ZhuozhuanrecordsQiandLubecameenemiesandconflictedJintransformedfromdisordertostabilityandultimately gaveuptheoriginalrelationshipwithqin.ifweanalyzethetwotragediesinvolvedinthesethreeincidentsthroughthe viewofhistoricalaestheticsitisevidentthattheyweremicroeventswhichlaunchedgreatimpactstomacrohistory. TheperspectiveofZhuozhuantoreviewthehistoryisreflecting macrochangesfrom microevents.thismethodhas groundbreakingmeaningandcanbealeadingmodelforchinesehistoriographylater. ( 34 ) AStudyonQinDynasty s ChengDanChong Alongwiththe DiscussionontheUniqueCharacteristicsoftheQin slaw ZhangXinchao KeywordstheQindynasty;Chengdanchong;Qin slaw;addedpenaltymeasures Abstract Cheng danchong intheqindynastyhadtwodefinitions;onereferstoalevelofpunishmenttheother referstoakindofcriminal.cheng danchongasalevelofpunishmentincludedtwogenresxingcheng danchongand wancheng danchong.xingcheng danchongcouldbefurtherdistinguishedintoqing weicheng danchongandzhan weicheng danchong.qing yicheng danchong andzhanqingcheng danchongontheotherhandbelongedtothe categoryofincreasedpenalty. Naicheng danchong didnotexist.cheng danchong asakindofcriminalcouldbe distinguishedintotwomaintypeschen dan andchong.cheng dan canbedistinguishedintoxiaocheng dan zhang cheng danandcheng dan whilechongcouldbedistinguishedintoxiaochongandchong.cheng danchongandother criminalswere mingledtogether whentheyservedtheirforcedlabour.whentheforcedlabourhadcertainskils requirementtheskilsfactor wasthetop priority whileotherfactorssuchasgenderageand punishmentcame secondary.theintensityofforcedlabourwasnotareliableframeofreferencetomeasuretheweightofpunishment. TheQindynasty scheng danchongalsohadotherimportantaddedpenaltymeasuressuchashavingone swifeand childconfiscatedandtobesupervisedbyothercriminals whohadtoserveacomparativelylightersentence.these measureswereimportantdistinguishing marksthatdiferentiatedcheng danchongfromothercriminals.toacertain degreetheabove-mentioneduniquecharacteristicsofcheng danchong werealsotheuniquecharcteristicsoftheqin dynasty spenalty.
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