35 1 Vol.351 20141 ActaEcologiaeAnimalisDomastici Jan.2014!"#$%&' (, 615013) [ ] 20134~20135,6!9"#$%&'19, ()*+,-.6/21037,1 234 56 7 89 :;89%&,<=>?@A-.B10,CDE D, 'FG-HIJK [ ] ;-H;IJK [()* +] S811.6 [,-./0] A [,1 +] 1005 5228(2014)01 0044 05 (birdstrike)!," # $ % & '$ $() *!+,-.$ /011 [1] 2 345 6 78.9:,9:;.$% <=, 34>?@ABCD * -E 5 FG 9: HIJ *K* L8 MN O,% -EPQRS TU,VJ *WX Y. [1 12].,-W *.K* L8 Z [ \]^ $_ `abc 6 F 1.,-,% $ /0,2 %*K* L8VJ%.-EPQ 5 6,%*.VJ, +. F 1 9:^ %$ 4D D D B%,,/(, 4 102 10 58 ~102 11 30, 27 58 12 ~28 00 30,1548 m,157 m 2,25.8, 12.8,18.7,4 8,5 8 - Q %, VK,VK 2 2.1 *# 2 [% J(L GoogleEarth),, B 2 % J ).,. -Q (!" ) # 6K-Q $@%K-Q. &]EVJ%K'`a,&% 72( )(*(+1.6km) [1 9,13] 2.2!"345 6, 2013 4 ~2013 5, - 12d,*X2.,*.,/ 01 800~11 00, 116 00~19 00, - 19. D D(20-60 60) (7 35 10 42) 2345B.,2 7 200m 5 6 ; D ) D7 35 10 42 78 239 ) :6,2 ) ;50m *.L8 K*5 6. E,,5B *.$ AB, < (*=> [14] (*? 7@ [15] A B.K*,CDE*.K* L8 [\ ^ 7 4 2.3 78 6 1 W % J *. K * L8 Z [\]^ bc.,f9:a [GHI] 2013 10 02,JKI:2013 10 20 [LMN] OLMN(10ZB054); 5N(YJSSA0802 YJSA0606) [PQ] R S(1982 ),T,U,VW,XY, 1-E?-. 9 E mail:qidongming1982@163.com
1 R S, :%*J F 2 45 BCD Z [\L8 Z Z <[(IV)& L(ADC)\5 #], ^_C D@.37K *2$%/0$._ 2.3.1 1 ` a.ba(c, *. Z_, A (0g < Z<110g) B (110g Z<1810g) C (1810g Z <3630g) D ( Z 3630 g) [2] 2.3.2 29 `5, *.[\L8, A (0<[\L8 <5) B (6 [\L8<20) C (21 [\L8 <50) D ([\L8 51) 2.3.3 5 6 c_ D VZ, /h `5, *.c_, A (0< c_<1) B (1 c _<5) C (5 c_<10) D (c_ 10) [16] 2.3.4 Z <[ IV=42L8+42, +42 (:42L8= K. L 8/L 8. K. L 8 100;42, = K'..L/.L 100;4 2 = K '. L/ L 100 `5, *.Z <[, A (0<Z < [<100) B (100 Z <[<200) C (200 Z <[<300) D (Z <[ 300) [1] 2.3.5 : ; 8 9 ADC= (n/n+ m/m) 100 (:n K'.L,N. L;m K'.-QL,M - Q* L `5, *.Z <[, A (0< & L<50) B (50 & L<100) C (100 & L< 150) D ( & L 150) [1] 2.3.6 L : 2L., Z [\L8 c_ Z <[ & L, 5 5S,0 #] A 5 B 10 C 15 D 20 -,2%#]5 8, *N#]20,100 3 5 W 2% J6K-Q9 19.50,.,C [17], G[@ *37K(( ), 620,1 3.1 # 9:; 3.1.1 M8NO,CD.36 K?- *(K 21 K, 58.4%, K 8 K, 22. 2%, &K3K, 8.3%, *. K 4 K, 11.1% \ S 6 & F b K b K, VK,W. 4 3.1.2 36K?- *(22K, 61.1%, 13K, 36.1%, 1K, 2. 8% %. *V,\W.,VJ -Q*6.Nb. Ec 4,678& 3.2 9:; 1 B B. * b 10K, 27.0%,!; A. * b27k, 73.0%, ; b ' C D. * 1,[\L8. * b17 K, 46.0%, 7 ;[ \ L 8. * b 14 K, 37.8%, ;[\L8 7. * b3k, 8.1%, ;[\L8 7. * b3k, 8.1%, *&E '.L8, 3 A B#],IV 200. B Z. K *, b 9 K, ;100 IV<200. B Z.K*, b13k,! ;IV<100. B Z. K *, b 15 K, *&-Q _. & _, 1( & L,%*( &< & (ADC 100%) *, b20k, 54.1%;(< & (50% ADC<100%) *, b11k, 29. 7%; < & (ADC<50%) *, b 6 K, 16.2% 1(c_ D,% *(K(D 10) b3k, 8.1%, /" ;K(1 D<10) b13k, 35.1%;.K(D<1) b21k, 56.8% 3.3 # 3.3.1 PQR %* L b
46 /-E0 35 K Species <1!"=7< Table1 StatisticsonbirdssurveyinSpringaroundQingshanAirportofXichangCity Resid ence * Fauna Threat level [\ L8 Flocking L Indivi dual D /( /h) Den sity L Sample.L Investi gation -Q IV Impor Habitat tancevalue ADC/% Distribu tionindex 犆犻犮狅狀犻犳狅狉犿犲狊 ( ) 犃狉犱犲犻犱犪犲 1 犈犵狉犲狋犪犵犪狉狕犲狋犪 S O B B 247 4.94 9 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 233.4 200.0 65 2! 犃狉犱犲狅犾犪犫犪犮犮犺狌狊 S O B B 36 0.72 8 17 1 2 3 4 5 6 183.2 188.9 55 犆狅犾狌犿犫犻犳狅狉犿犲狊 () 犆狅犾狌犿犫犻犱犪犲 3 犆狅犾狌犿犫犪犱狅犿犲狊狋犻犮犪 R C B D 364 7.28 9 19 1 2 4 6 249.3 166.7 80 4 犛狋狉犲狆狋狅狆犲犾犻犪狅狉犻犲狀狋犪犾犻狊 S P B A 8 0.16 4 5 4 5 71.8 77.8 35 5 犛狋狉犲狆狋狅狆犲犾犻犪犮犺犻狀犲狀狊犻狊 R O B B 86 1.72 6 16 1 2 4 5 6 162.5 150.0 60 犆狌犮狌犾犻犳狅狉犿犲狊 () 犆狌犮狌犾犻犱犪犲 67 犆狌犮狌犾狌狊犮犪狀狅狉狌狊 S C A A 21 0.42 6 8 1 2 4 5 6 111.6 150.0 45 犆狅狉犪犮犻犳狅狉犿犲狊 ( ) 犃犾犮犲犱犻狀犻犱犪犲 7 犃犾犮犲犱狅犪狋犺犻狊 R U A A 2 0.04 3 2 1 3 44.1 66.7 30 犝狆狌狆犻犳狅犻狉犿犲狊 () 犝狆狌狆犻犱犪犲 8 犝狆狌狆犪犲狆狅狆狊 S U A A 7 0.14 4 5 5 6 71.7 77.8 30 犘犪狊犲狉犻犳狅狉犿犲狊 () 犎犻狉狌狀犱犻狀犻犱犪犲 9 犎犻狉狌狀犱狅狉狌狊狋犻犮犪 S P A D 739 14.78 9 19 1 3 4 5 6 300.0 183.3 85 () 犕狅狋犪犮犻犾犻犱犪犲 10 犕狅狋犪犮犻犾犪犪犾犫犪 R U A B 197 3.94 9 19 1 2 3 4 6 226.7 183.3 60 ( ) 犆犪犿狆犲狆犺犪犵犻犱犪犲 11 犘犲狉犻犮狉狅犮狅狋狌狊狉狅狊犲狌狊 S O A 16 0.32 3 7 2 4 5 72.3 83.3 25 ( ) 犘狔犮狀狅狀狅狋犻犱犪犲 12 犘狔犮狀狅狀狅狋狌狊犪狌狉犻犵犪狊狋犲狉 R O A B 186 3.72 9 19 1 2 4 6 225.2 166.7 60 13 犘狔犮狀狅狀狅狋狌狊狓犪狀狋犺狅狉狉犺狅狌狊 R O A B 214 4.28 9 19 1 2 4 6 229.0 166.7 60 14 犘狔犮狀狅狀狅狋狌狊狊犻狀犲狀狊犻狊 R O A B 63 1.26 6 14 1 2 4 148.9 116.7 50 ( ) 犔犪狀犻犱犪犲 15 犔犪狀犻狌狊犮狉犻狊狋犪狋狌狊 S P A B 62 1.24 6 11 1 2 4 5 133.0 133.3 50 16 犔犪狀犻狌狊狋犲狆犺狉狅狀狅狋狌狊 R P A B 96 1.92 8 17 1 2 4 5 6 191.4 172.2 55 ( ) 犇犻犮狉狌狉犻犱犪犲 17 犇犻犮狉狌狉狌狊犿犪犮狉狅犮犲狉犮狌狊 S O A A 83 1.66 4 16 4 5 6 139.9 94.4 40 ( ) 犛狋狌狉狀犻犱犪犲 18 犃犮狉犻犱狅狋犺犲狉犲狊犮狉犻狊狋犪狋犲犾狌狊 R O B B 32 0.64 4 10 5 6 101.4 77.8 45 ( )! 犆狅狉狏犻犱犪犲 19" 犘犻犮犪狆犻犮犪 R P B B 48 0.96 4 17 2 4 5 6 140.4 111.1 50 207 # $! 犆狅狉狏狌狊犿犪犮狉狅狉犺狔狀犮犺狅狊 R C B B 36 0.72 5 14 2 4 5 6 134.1 122.2 50 ( )% 犜狌狉犱犻犱犪犲 21 犘犺狅犲狀犻犮狌狉狌狊狊犮犺犻狊狋犻犮犲狆狊 R P A B 56 1.12 7 14 1 2 4 5 159.0 144.4 50 22 犆狅狆狊狔犮犺狌狊狊犪狌犾犪狉犻狊 R O A C 216 4.32 8 19 1 2 4 6 218.1 155.6 65 23 % 犜狌狉犱狌狊犲狌狀狅犿狌狊 W P A A 2 0.04 1 2 5 21.9 27.8 25 ( )& ' 犜犻犿犪犾犻犱犪犲 24& ' 犌犪狉狉狌犾犪狓犮犪狀狅狉狌狊 R O A A 2 0.04 1 1 4 16.6 27.8 25 25 # 4 犔犲犻狅狋犺狉犻狓犾狌狋犲犪 R O A B 6 0.12 3 3 2 5 49.9 66.7 35 26 犃犾犮犻狆狆犲狀犻狆犪犾犲狀狊犻狊 R O A D 11 0.22 3 4 1 4 5 55.9 83.3 45 27 犌犪狉狉狌犾犪狓犪犾犫狅犵狌犾犪狉犻狊 R O B B 3 0.06 2 2 4 33.2 38.9 35 ( ) 犛狔犾狏犻犱犪犲 28 ( 犘犺狔犾狅狊犮狅狆狌狊犪犳犳犻狀犻狊 S O A B 21 0.42 5 9 1 3 4 105.8 105.6 45 292 犆犲狋犻犪犮犪狀狋狌狉犻犪狀狊 S O A A 13 0.26 3 6 2 4 6 66.7 83.3 30 ( )) 犕狌狊犮犻犮犪狆犻犱犪犲 30 ) 犕狌狊犮犻犮犪狆犪犱犪狌狌狉犻犮犪 S O A A 1 0.02 1 1 1 16.5 27.8 25 31 ) 犆狌犾犻犮犻犮犪狆犪犮犲狔犾狅狀犲狀狊犻狊 S O A B 1 0.02 1 1 1 16.5 27.8 30 ( ) 犘犪狉犻犱犪犲 32 犘犪狉狌狊犪狋犲狉 R P A A 39 0.78 4 8 2 4 5 91.8 94.4 30 337 犘犪狉狌狊犿犪犼狅狉 R U A B 81 1.62 7 16 1 2 4 5 6 172.9 161.1 55 ( ) 犘犪狊犲狉犻犱犪犲 34 犘犪狊犲狉狉狌狋犻犾犪狀狊 R O A D 532 10.64 9 19 1 2 4 5 6 272.0 183.3 80 35 犘犪狊犲狉犿狅狀狋犪狀狌狊 R C A D 671 13.42 9 19 1 2 4 5 6 290.8 183.3 80 ( )* + 犖犲犮狋犪狉犻狀犻犱犪犲 36, * + 犃犲狋犺狅狆狔犵犪犵狅狌犾犱犻犪犲 R O A A 1 0.02 1 1 4 16.5 27.8 25 ( ) 犘犾狅犮犲犻犱犲犪 37 - 犔狅狀犮犺狌狉犪狆狌狀犮狋狌犾犪狋犪 R O A B 6 0.12 2 3 1 2 4 38.8 72.2 35.:-Q* (1,2,3 (!" ),4,5,6 # Note:Thehabitat1 referstograssland,2farmland,3 waterarea(includingpaddyfield,river,pound,etc.),4 bushwood,5forest,6 vilage. Score
1 R S, :%*J F 2 47 1<, * Xb, '&8 00~10 00,*` 2+3 4N,5 '&%-Q67 8 9:,; b. <, _, *, '&16 00~18 00,_b* 3.3.2 STU PQR <.=>?@,5A8=>0B, /"&CA@ YD, E,9: $, *` N9 :+$_ % ) P,% [678.9:, *&% 0 $N FGH*, Z. A, "[\, 7.I?6. =<, JW$%4, = KZ. 1 ALMN,,% 07 8 'O, * N,,- 1 3.3.3 D IV % #,b, - 800 (PQ) & 0,0 &% [\,R Z 7, S" Z [\L8,T"c _ Z <[ & L, 2% $%./0$, U 6KZ.,V/.W M F XY 3.4 >?@ &.37K *(,8 L, (80 <100). * b 4 K, 10.8%, 7 (60 <80)). * b6k, 16.2%, (40 <60). b13k, 35.1%, (25 <40). b14k, 37.8% 4 F 2 2%*K* L8. 5, * &.-Q * &.-E`,V,V% ; *.K* L8, + *&% J.,,F1.,- 4.1 A=BC 4.1.1 WXY- # D%K=, Z [. \,]^%K_`<Z[, 0ab *,c@ \, 2 %. &*X *4N.1,, &$%'$ D,]^ *,.Z X.Z ab *, 2 % ;V ^ 02 *$ U, + \; (VZ,&% J,/ Z,Z,[;_` 4, + * 4.1.2 XY- #,0 W *_`, +c@ *. &% J/^,, 0W% 4.,E *;5B -, *X (), D, H ] E.,2 * - K,VW45B, R, 45.],* bv,, +c@.. 4.1.3 & %, 2.5m,F* 2.5m V$@0, 0VI_,F* & ^, 2. *,5,?- 0 4.2 %&,%*` "N E,J * E ` 25 -EF,VX =b*.pq N, +G*L8 [10,20] 4.2.1 Z T %. )*,K 5 = K\-+., + %. KL, <, + K.*5.; ), 9:K*., + *.N,G*L8 B,J %,G K. _, b*. E 9:.L8,N 0G*.L 8 &,, +9:.4 N% ;&58,b_J, 8,V. H,VKN. *.N, +G*L8 4.2.2 [\]! 2 % F.,VX80,V 7 _. " * 4N.PQ, +T*-Q,G*L8 2 %J.,VXY M,` \
48 /-E0 35., "9:( ). E,, Vb G 9:.L8, +V * 9: N. *.N,G*L8 4.3 DEBC 4.3.1 ^_ ` 4 % a,,& *.,(8 00~10 00 16 00~18 00) b5 a,&' % a*c[. ^, Vb$ a,v *., + 1,-. =< 4.3.2 D IJ. ^,&%,%V7 Da,K Da (.4B, &% 2~2.5km. ; ^ $ ;6,W#, MG 425, MW c 4.3.3 aqb &(,',% V,V,\2 *b7., L, *78.N %6,BS/ %.K,25 b, K 2 * b_`<.,!"# b $<,%VX8%@`,,& % Eb *.K* L 8, ' 0.%,, \. 8,%, b.^, $%./0$ (U).PQ,-: [1] *+,, -^,M'.< %*\ <JF[J].,2008,27(2):253 258. [2]./@,01, ',. % * W! F G[J]. < 0,2009,29(3):57 66. [3] X,S,,.(2 3 % * J! F ;2 [J].( 0,2012,28(1):118 124. [4] BuckleyPA,Mccathy M G.Insects,vegetation,andthecon troloflaughinggulsatkennedyinternationalairport,new YorkCity[J].JournalofAppliedEcology,1994,31(2):291 302. [5] 4 5,6,785,.9: % * \ W 4 < 9:[J]. Y ; 7 0: H ;,2008,23(4):119 121. [6] -,V,.%*W!F;2 [J].- <,2008,25(6):46 50. [7] = >,? @,! @,.A< 7 S % * J F 2 [J].< B70,2011,31(6):49 55. [8] M<,,C,.D@E % * J F;2 [J].W H9:,2010(4):72 74. [9], 4,,.F+ % - Q * J G -EF [J]. /-E0,2009,30(6):120 125. [10], 4,,.%.-EF [J].- 0,2009,44(9):1 3. [11] H I, J,KL,. M a%*n W K 9:[J]. O 70: H ;,2010,41 (3):331 335. [12],* <,.9S% ) - E J - Q G [J].A<70: H ;,2001,23(S):41 45. [13]! P,Q R,S T.? - R S [M]. U E V W X: B7 ;Y,2004:87 141. [14] (?-.( * = >[M]. 2: < ;Y,1995:1 592. [15]! =, Z R [,\ ] ^.(? * 7 @ [M]._<:_< ;Y,2000:1 571. [16] `, a.?# [M]. b: ;Y,1982:143 187. [17] *c,k A,K,.2. * [J]. 0,1984,2(1):19 58. 犅犻狉犱犛狌狉狏犲狔犪狀犱犅犻狉犱犛狋狉犻犽犲犆狅狀狋狉狅犾犻狀犛狆狉犻狀犵犪狉狅狌狀犱犙犻狀犵狊犺犪狀犃犻狉狆狅狉狋狅犳犡犻犮犺犪狀犵犆犻狋狔 QIDong ming ( 犛犮犺狅狅犾狅犳犃狀犻犿犪犾犛犮犻犲狀犮犲, 犡犻犮犺犪狀犵犆狅犾犲犵犲, 犡犻犮犺犪狀犵, 犛犻犮犺狌犪狀 615013, 犆犺犻狀犪 ) 犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋 :19surveyson9quadratsfrom6typesofbirdhabitatswereconductedatQingshan Airportof XichangCityfromApriltoMayin2013.37birdspeciesfrom21familiesof6orderswererecorded.Thethreatlev elsofdiferentbirdspeciestotheaviationsafetywerecomprehensivelyanalyzedintermsofweight,sizeofpopula tion,density,importancevalueanddistributionindex.accordingtotheresearchresults,10birdspeciessuchas Hirundorustica,Passer montanus,passerrutilans,columbadomestica,egretagarzeta,etc.arethe most threateningones,andsomebirdstrikepreventionandcontrolstrategieswereaccordinglyproposed. 犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊 :airport;birdstrike;preventionandcontrolstrategy