* 8 36 P D MNXQ RV,E * )* PQMNRSSTU S TKU V IW*XY Z [E * ) )* ^_`PQMN,V E * H)* H B,^ WXE * H)*K= 1 &' Y* Z) ; 34 5 km, * Z,ZZ* *[\ Y, Z]^ M, 0

Transcription

1 * JOURNALOFDESERTRESEARCH Vol.36 No.6 Nov.2016!"#$%&' 1,2, 1, 1, 1 ( , :/; )* <=>? 0@,; AB730000;2.01C, D100049) 1 :E * C, FG,H)*IJK=L+MNO, H)* PQMNRS T KU VIW*X,Y ) 34 Z [E * \])* ^_`LaMN,bMN8c cm *RS, MNa 02m ) 7.46~14.15m s -1, cmna 18~95min : ) E * )* 9 +, * R, )* + 30cm )* λ C 1, ) C C, E * HK= ) K= ) E * )* 0* *, ;* )H* H *,), * )* * \,Y E * * :E * ;H;)* ; ;34 23: X(2016) :P931.3 犇犗犐 : /j.issn X :;:A 0 E * C * 8.5%, * 0 C * T C 100m * * [1], * R 8.6% [2] Cooke [3],E * I* 0! *8 E * 200~300m, 500m [4] E * + ], ), C,,, I; + FG, * I *, )*+, 0 Y* )* N! *,"U * [5-8] * [9-12], YE * #$%& [13-15] E * ' C,H C, FG=, * # +)*MN, _ N ()N H)*,"*+,W*X Na -.$/, NCH H; * + R 01 Y%&, )*K=0, [16], E * H)*IJK= 2N* E * 3,E * 4 5*6 \]* , [17-18] TKY * *,Watson [19] : * \] *; # * ] *;,Thomas [20] `* \]*; E * * 6,4 *,8H ] ), \< = K=,> *68H 9?@A B 9B C;*6D a,e H ),*6\]),> ] \] A B [17] E * DFG) F,9 * #, GR GRB 9E * IJK=3IJ #$%& A * + )* KLM * I,,NO+,Y ^ E * H)*K= I B : ; : ()*+: ( ),-.: (1990 ),,!"#$%,&', ()*+, E mail:[email protected] /0,:-./(E mail:[email protected])

2 * 8 36 P D MNXQ RV,E * )* PQMNRSSTU S TKU V IW*XY Z [E * ) )* ^_`PQMN,V E * H)* H B,^ WXE * H)*K= 1 &' Y* Z) ; 34 5 km, * Z,ZZ* *[\ Y, Z]^ M, 0 _` ab c 2 C E * S N CE * Y*, Z [, 100m,A \ (5 ) (140 ) (250 ) 6;8 *6 `* E S WNW H EH,,H 25 ~32,H 386m,H ]0 + 4 SHH 15 ~30,H 266m WNW H ), H 20 ~30,H 209m( 1) TK2015 E * \]) *, Fryberger [21] * ) 4 3c) : )(SSE S SSW SW,90.6 VU) )(WSW W WNW NW,86.8VU) )(NNE NE ENE E,39.1VU) 2015 * 232.9VU, SFryberger [21] Y)K,E * 0)K, * 54.1,RDP/DP 0.38, F ) ( 1) WNW H N,H 26, 2.29Φ, * ;S H N H 18, 2.21Φ, * 1 NE * 2015 \ * Fig.1 Thestudiedstarduneanddriftpotentialof2015atthedunetop 2 &' < ) ) MN HOBO U30 : ( 2),) MN cm, ) 200cm,RS W 10s E * H)* MN U V,W*X, W*X ) 56)* L+MN0, MN $C [22-23] W*XA ] W* W* c,w* E ( 2) ] 40cm( ) 40cm( ) 30cm( ), Q,L W*XW * IMN Q 30cm 30cm, = 25kg,( 1g, T RS WQ WRS, 0.1s 60 min S 0RS Wa 10s W*Xb16 +, 10 W* O 7.5cm 2.5cm, 6 O 7.5cm 4.4cm,W*X W 51.4cm )* TK 1~3 W* LM^ 3 W*, 13 T)@$ W* W*, W* 8, W* W* A J 7 )LM

3 6 : ) 34 ZE * \])* MN )* N,W*X9 HOBOU30 : Fig.2 Thenewly developedsandtrapand HOBOU30weatherstation MN W*X ^* Y ), *, W* 9* L MN W*, (( 0.01g), ^_ * 0 W *X ) * W a 1h,W * 6.5kg *6O WNW H SH W* ( 1), 5~15m, * + B B ; 1~3cm, 20cm 20 cm,b W16 * W*X0 *6O* ^ _ I, G R GRADISTAT v8, Folk Ward [24] Wang [15] Zhang [17] : E * K=0 ` )* Na , ) ~278.1, ),9 40, a * ( 1) P QbN 8 c ) ( + 2 m, ) 7.46~14.15m s -1 ) )HH * RS =1 $% >?@ABCD 犜犪犫犾犲 1 犆犺犪狉犪犮狋犲狉犻狊狋犻犮狆犪狉犪犿犲狋犲狉狊狅犳狋犺犲犿犲犪狊狌狉犲犱狊犪狀犱犪狀犱犱狌狊狋狑犲犪狋犺犲狉 MN MN a /min 2m C ) /(m s -1 ) ) /( )2m ) /(m s -1 ) * /(g cm -2 min -1 ) ,WNW H N 2c,SH N 6c 3 E FDG H * a TK 7 *, + ) 78 ) * *<= [1] + 2m ) 9 * B K=" 3 X A 4, * 犙 2m ) 狏 RR,, : 犙 =0.0332e 狏 (1) = JR 犚 2 =0.971,I@ a 3.2!EIAB JK H W*X R, ) *, B 9 * ^_ 1 H MN ),E * )HH *

4 * MN ) 2m ) 9 * a B Fig.3 Variationofwindspeedattheheightof2mandsandtransportratesduringmeasuredperiodunderwesterlywind 4 E * )HH0~51.4cm * 2m ) B Fig.4 Variationoftotalsandtransportratewith theaveragewindspeedattheheightof2m RRB ( 5),GR 2 E * )HH)* 9 *+ [25], * R 9 [5]! "*8 * )H)* MN 3.2.2!EIABL )* W0 + # [26] 2m ) $ 7.77m s -1 a,90% * 10cm ;) C 9~13m s -1 a,10cm * % 5 H ) )* Fig.5 Thesandfluxprofilesunderdiferent averagewindspeedsattheheightof2m =2 MN OJK D 犜犪犫犾犲 2 犉犻狋犻狀犵犳狌狀犮狋犻狅狀狊狅犳狋犺犲狊犪狀犱狋狉犪狀狊狆狅狉狋狉犪狋犲 犮犺犪狀犵犲狑犻狋犺犺犲犻犵犺狋狌狀犱犲狉犱犻犳犲狉犲狀狋狑犻狀犱狊狆犲犲犱狊 ) /(m s -1 ) 1 R I@JR( 犚 2) 7.46 狔 =0.6506e 狏 狔 =0.4725e 狏 狔 =0.6506e 狏 狔 =0.3555e 狏 狔 =0.8409e 狏 狔 =1.5391e 狏 狔 =1.9157e 狏 狔 =2.9497e 狏 0.931

5 6 : ) 34 ZE * \])* MN %, 90% * W cm, ) C C Bagnold [27] : * )* + 19cm #,& ' [26] PQMN, 90% * + 30cm #, W0 0~10cm ( 80%) [28] Y ()_ *8H * )*,+ 10 cm * MN * 80%~ 95%,0~20cm * * 98% )* + = K = [29] &' [26] λ )*,λ9+ = )* IJ :1λM 1 a,)*, * = ;2λ <1a,)* #K=0 + +,, * - = ;3λ>1a, $C *.J, *2/ a0 *+ ^ S 0W*X 2.5cm, S&')* λ,, )* λ P λ= 犙 0-2.5cm/ 犙 5-25cm (2) =3 MN P!EIABL,0: 犙 0-2.5cm 0~2.5cm * ; 犙 5-25cm 5~ 25cm * A 3 1,2m ) 7.77m s -1 a,λ<1, E * )HH = ;2m ) 9m s -1 a,λ>1, E * )HH ) S * #, 0~5 cm + )*,5~10cm 0,10~51.4cm ( 3) E * H)* 0, 5) C * A60% 30% ;0 * S 24%,B HC; * A10% 50% 2 [29] H ), 0~1cm * ) C,0 1~2 cm * HB, 2~10cm * ) C ;34 [30] 5 6 [31] * 7 # 8,0 9B, )* λ ) C, : )J *,)* H; 犜犪犫犾犲 3 犛犪狀犱狋狉犪狀狊狆狅狉狋狆犲狉犮犲狀狋犪犵犲狊狅犳犱犻犳犲狉犲狀狋犾犪狔犲狉狊犪狀犱狋犺犲犮犺犪狉犪犮狋犲狉犻狊狋犻犮狏犪犾狌犲狊狅犳狊犪狀犱犳犾狌狓狆狉狅犳犻犾犲狊 ) /(m s -1 ) * /% (0~5cm) (5~10cm) (10~51.4cm) (λ) * 7 R B Y 50% 7 R,9* + JI, ` * [32] * 7 # B RR, 犚 2 >0.95, TK1 = H ), Y<=IJ^_R1, " 6 X MN )* 0* 2~9cm, 9) 'I,) $ a, * KJ$,* I $$, ] * 7 #$C;) Ca, >* K, *?@A CBCJ, 6 * 9) IJ, ] * 7 # Dong [32],* ), 22cm Fig.6 Therelationshipbetweentheaverage saltationheightofsandgrainsandwind speedattheheightof2m

6 * !QKCDRSTU )* LB DZ ; I,Y:E* I )* P [33-34]? ) m s -1 W 4cW*X * ^_ ( 7) MN)* A * 0* *, 0~51.4cm )* * W0 2~3.32Φ *, 0 0 *# 55.5%~80.5%,0* 13.5%~42.2%, *2.0%~9.5% 0* 8 * SHB * 8 ;9 [35] $FT *8 MN)* 00* * *7 7 0* * * B Fig.7 Thepercentagesofmedium,fineandveryfinesandchangingwithheight B S H ) 犕 z B 8 9 G,) 10m s -1 a, S B, ) 10m s -1 a)* H+ *,) C 10m s -1 a, ( 8),9 * I, )J H * I )J EH, EH * B, 9 Chen [36] Arens [37] MN E * H)*?JR0.37~0.51, S Folk Ward?JR [38],C]?$C K;,?JR C,?@BG 8 犛犓 -0.19~0.30, Y K ) $$a SH B B, ) $Ca LMIN8 C, Y O B, 12.96m s -1 ) B )* 犓 gc] 0.78~1.57, $,) C 10m s -1 a BC8, $ B VWQKTUXY E * D ) F, GR# * FG9H) * B * 9)Jb ', Y,* c ;D,, = ) F *6 [17],)JY $C,) K + 'P 9 1, ), *6-0*+, <, 0.83Φ;WNW H 1.34Φ, 0*,SH 0.63~1.52Φ, H 0*, H *?9 $C 'I,

7 6 : ) 34 ZE * \])* MN GR B Fig.8 Variationofgrainsizeparameterswithheight * 0 *, > `+, 0* TU, * # \ < X Q, F* ) ) > ) \=, E * \] * Y ' 4 E ) 34 Z [E * \2 9 *6O GRB Fig.9 Grainsizeparametersindiferentlocations ofthecrosssectionofwestarm σ 0.63~1.20,H\?$G,8H?0 $C 犛犓 -0.51~0.48, - 犓 g 0.73~1.16, K ) Q *6C] -0*+, * 9-0*+R@?@A K, 56) * TKYH CS, `* < *TU,C] * J H ) I> + * VI W,Y+ * $?,) m ) 9 * RRIJ \ )* 9 + )* S, * R 90% * W0 + 30cm 2m ) $ 7.77m s -1 a,λ<1,) C 9.03m s -1 a, λ>1;* H ) K= )* *, 0* 8, * SHB, * 8 ))* Y*?, 0* TU, * # \<, > \ * ' LTKPQ)* N,Y ) 3 4 ZE * )HH)* `,N E * H)*K=, ^ Y ) H H)* K=^_

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