ε I x = r + R + R + R g o x = R ε + v v 2 v1 a = = t t t 2 1 R x
{ ( 1) ( 2)" " ( 3) ( 4), ( 5)" " ( 6) ( 7) ( 8)" " ( 9) ( 10) ( 11) ( 12) ( 13) ( 14) ( 15) ( 17) { ( 20), ( 21) ( 22) ( 16) ( 18) ( 23) ( 24) ( 19)
R xi x = R3I 3 1 R1I 1 = R 2I2 2 I1 - I x I2 - I 3
x = 1 x1 x2 x n n x = 1 x1 x2 xn n x 1 = x1 - x x 2 = x2 - x x n = xn - x E = x x 100 N N = A A B B C C N = A B C
N N = A A B B = A B A B B A N = AB N = A B B A A B N = A B B A N = A B B A E = N N = A B B A A B = A A B B N N = A A B B [( A )( B B )] ( B ± B )( Bm B ) = A ± ± [ ] = A B B A A B- a b c d e f G A 1 A 2 R 1 R 2 R 3 300 100 0.6 0.1 3 0.02 0 999.9 0 9999 5 2 g 3 0.01 h K N = AB = A B B A m A B B 2 = A B B A m A B B 2 N = B A m A B B 2 2 N = B A A B B E = N N = A A B B = E E A B
2 1 g = 4 T 2 2 4 m - m = m 2 1-0 m = 0 m + m 1 m 2 m = 3 m + 0 + m m + m m 1 2 0
c x ( 1c1 + m 1c 1 )( t 3 t1 ) m2( t 2 t 3 ) = m E = 2 t 2t cx + t t t t 3 1 2 3 E = t 2 t + 3 t 3 t 1 cx 2 t ( t 3 t 1)( t 2 t 3 ) t 2 t1 2 t 2 t t + t t + t t [ 3 ( 1 2 ) 3 1 2 ] 2 t 1 + t 2 t + t = - t 3 + t1t 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 t 1 + t 2 t 1 + t 2 = - t 3 t 1t 2 + 2 2 t = t 1 + t 2 3 Ecx 2 t + t t 3 1 2 2
L R = S R = U I = US IL = U D 2 4IL D = 0.505mm D = 0.002mm D = 0.5050.002mm = UD 2 4IL 3.14 0.804 0.5052 = 3 4. 00 718. 10 1683. = 0.005 0.804 + 2 0. 002 0. 5 0. 002 + + 0. 505 71. 7 1. 683
m + m T = 2 0 k T = 4 2 2 m + 4 2 m 0 k k
r = S xy S xx S yy ( ) = m - V g 6 vr 2
1 t() 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 T() 100 87.3 76.6 67.660.0 53.6 45.3 43.840.036.8 34.131.930.0 2 t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 s 100 91.3 82.5 74 65.1 56.5 47.8
vσ 2gh dv = D dh 2 2 2 D dh dv = d vdt 4 4 4 2 = d σ 4 2ghdt 2 D dhd 2 σ 2ghdt 2 2 D dh 2D dt = - t = - C C σd g h σd g h 2 2 2 2 2 2D t 0 h h0 C = σd 2g 2 2D t = σd 2g 2D 2 t = σd 2g 2 0 h 2 0 ( h h) 2 0 h h = 0
3 h 0 I ( ) 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 d( ) 1.5 73.0 66.8 59.9 51.9 43.5 2.0 41.2 37.6 33.6 29.1 23.7 3.0 18.4 16.8 15.0 12.9 10.5 5.0 6.8 6.1 5.4 4.7 3.9
4 d 1/d t 1.5 0.67 73.0 2.0 0.50 41.2 3.0 0.33 18.4 5.0 0.20 6.8 d 1/d 2 2 t 1.5 0.44 73.0 2.0 0.25 41.2 3.0 0.11 18.4 5.0 0.04 6.8 5
h 0 h0 th 0 6 1 h 0 h 2 0 t 30.0 5.48 73.0 25.0 5.00 66.8 20.0 4.47 59.9 15.0 3.37 51.9 10.0 3.16 43.5
T = 2 g l g /
a = 1 a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + a 1 + a5 5
2 m = b 2 2 m n 1 2 5 M sλ T = 2bc bc 1 kλt e
R = U R1 U I 2 = = I R I I 2 2 1 R = ρ L s
0 2.30V 0 2.55V 0 2.88V 27 60 15K ε U max = 1+ 1 1 + R R r
T = 2L + L 0 / g
3 s = 1 2 gsin t 2 4 s = 1 gsin 2 2 - gcos t s t g 5 h = 1 2 gt 2 h t g 9 T = 2l / g T l g
a b c d e f G A 1 A 2 R 1 R 2 R 3 300 100 0.6 0.1 3 0.02 0 999.9 0 9999 5 2 g 3 0.01 h K
ab R1 A1 5 ε K I R x -5 I
Rx R x ε = Rx + R 3 910 3 6 = 5.87 6 013. 910 + 200 Rx 1 ε ε R x + R 1 + ( R / Rx ) ε ε R R x
R xr AC / ( Rx + RAC) Ux = [ R R / ( R + R )] + R R x AC x AC AC RxR AC = R R + R R R 2 x AC AC ε 1 = ε ( R / R ) + ( R / R ) ( R / R ) AC x AC x ε RAC Rx R U x ε U xr AC U x RAC R R = 1 100 R U R x x AC
1 1 A 4 5
1 1 + u v 1 + u v f
u (cm) v (cm) f (cm) f (cm) 1 2 3 3 u v f = uv 3 u + v f f f f f 1 2 3
v s a = a = v - t t T 2 v - t
= m m V V
m 0l 0 / l1 = m / V = m0l 0(l2 - l 1) / l1l2 = l / l - l 2 2 1
1 m 1 a a m m (A) (V) 1 0.50 1.35 2 0.75 1.28 3 1.00 1.20 4 1.25 1.12 5 1.50 1.05
1 2 mghn mvn 2 2 v - h 1 p V L T = 2 LC g 2 T 2 LC T L 2 2 T L K 2 4 T C g 2 K = 4 L L
2 2 L 2 4π T L0. T = 2 : T = ( L0 + r), g g 1 p V
1 I UI R I = U a R 1 F a m a F m a F m F = ma + ( ) 1 + ( ) 2 + + 3+ = I R + I r = U + U R r = U + I r 1 1 1 1 1 = I R + I r = U + U R r = U + I r 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
a a = s - s t 2
G + G p = S
r = b( a b ) U r /U0 1
U r () r (mm) r(mm) r - r r 1.55 65.7 64.2 2.3 3.12 52.4 51.4 1.9 4.63 42.0 41.5 1.2 6.08 33.8 33.8 0 7.53 26.8 27.5-2.5 9.03 21.5 22.2-3.2
U r () r (mm) r(mm) r - r (%) r 1.55 58.5 58.5 0 3.12 47.9 47.6 0.6 4.63 38.6 38.8-0.5 6.08 31.6 31.9-0.9 7.53 25.7 26.2-1.9 9.03 20.8 21.4-2.8 r b b Ur a Ur a U r a Er = = r + + + (ln ) + (ln ) b b U0 a U0 b U0 b Ur U 0 2 U0 Ur( ) r (mm) r(mm) 1.00 41.4 60.2-31.2 2.00 22.8 45.3-49.7 3.00 13.9 34.1-59.2
U( ) r (mm) r(mm) 1.55 64.1 64.1 0 3.12 51.7 51.2 1.2 4.63 40.8 41.3-1.2 6.08 32.9 33.6-2.1 7.53 25.9 27.3-5.1 9.03 21.1 22.0-4.1
2 U 0 2.00V 10 5 U r () r (mm) r(mm) 1.56 64.4 64.0 0.6 3.05 51.6 51.7-0.2 4.63 41.4 41.3 0.2 6.08 33.1 33.5-1.2 7.68 26.4 26.7-1.1 9.14 21.0 21.8-0.4
R I = I + I = W g g RW 6E E r Rg (R / R ) + R + r g W I = (R g R W 6 E ) + r + R + R x
1 I R2R3 Ig Ig I R 2 4 1 R = 1 R 2 + R 3 = 41.6k = 6.4k R 2 = 4.3k R 3 3 4 E I= R + R+ r R = E - R I 7 7 g g 1.5 = 1.2510-4 g r0 3-1.2810 = 10.72k R6( R7 + Rg + r) 12. k R + R + R+ r = Ω 6 7 g R5( R7 + Rg + r) 120 R + R + R+ r = Ω 4 7 g
R4( R 7 + Rg + r) 12 R + R + R+ r = Ω 4 7 g E Ig = R+ R + r g 7 E Ig = [( R+ R ) R ] + r g 7 6 1 R3 1K Ig I(R +R ) 1 2 3 4 I 100 A 100 R R g g 6
= m m V D V V = 1 3 D 6 6
x x x - x x = x P x P n i=1 n i= 1 x i i / n i i
x x x = 0 n 1 i 1 2 3 n x x x x x x x1 - x x2 - x x3 - x xn - x n x x i n i= 1 1 2 3 n 1 2 3 x x x x x - x x - x x - x x - x n. x = 0, i=1 i n n xi x x i i= 1 i= 1 x = = n n 2 i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 gi 978 980 976 977 979 978 976 978 979 977 10 gi i=1 g = 10 = 978980 +976977979978976978979 2 977 / 10 = 977.8 g = 978 10 g i i=1 g = = 0 + 2 2 1 1 + 0 2 0 1 1 10 1 10 2 g = 978 1
= n n i=1 i
E = 3 0.3 979 2 g = 981.00.3 E = 0.3 981.0 = 0.03 g g 0 100 = 0 g0 g g 0 981.0-97.3 = 100 = 0.2 g 979.3 0
l 2.30 3 0 l = 2.3 m = 35.600
tg = L m 1 - m2 Mh -1 L = tg m1 - m2 Mh
3 60.05cm L = L + L = 0.05cm L = L + L = 60.050.05 cm
5 I = I1 I 2 I 3 = 2 0.1 4 = 2.45 10
5 3 = 0.4 + 0.02 4 0.02 = 0.490 10 5 U = U1U 2 + U 3 = 1 0.1 7 = 1.75 10 5 U = U 1 U 2 + U 3 5 0.57 + 0.5 = 8.75 10 1 2 3 3
T = l n = 72.7 = 1.45 50
1 2 = 0.25cm 0.02A = 0.01A 1 2 1 2 = 0.05A 1.7A
1 0.02N = 0.01N 2 1 0.1N = 0.05N 2 1 0.2g = 0.1g 2 1 0.1mm = 0.05mm 2
1 0.05mm0.02mm = 0.025mm0.02mm 2 1 = 0.01mm 2
T = 2 L g /
h xi - x i= 1 x = n x x x i x = x x x x + x x - x x E = 100 x x = x x x E = 100 x g T = 2 l / g l T 1 A B A = A A B = B B A B N N N
N N = A A + B B = A + B + A + B N = A + B N A + B = N AB N N = A A B B = AB + A B + B A + A B N = A B A B A B A B N = A B + B A N = B A + A B N B A + A B A B = = +, N A B A B N A B = + B A B N B A + A B B 2
N=f A B N N E = C N N=A+B+C+ A+B+C+ A+ B+ C+ L A+ B+ C+ L N=A-B A+B A + B A B N=A B A B+B A A B + A B N=A B C B C A + A C A B C + + B+ A B C A B C N=An n An A A n A N = 1 A 1 A n -1 1 A A n n A N = A B A + A B A B + B B 2 A B
= xmax m 100 x m
I E = == 0.02 8.61 = 0.2 I I E = = 0.1 =1.2 0.2 I 8.6
0 0.6A 0 3A 0 3V 0 15V 0.2A 1A 1V 5V 0.02A 0.1A 0.1V 0.5V
1 2 3 4 5 U 0.81 1.21 1.7 1.79 2.51 I 0.16 0.242 0.338 0.422 0.504
= U + I + U r 2 R r U = R v 2 R + r v I = 1 r I = 2 r I = 3 R r A + : = Rv ; r = Rv Rv + r Rv + r r
r r r = = = = r Rv + r r Rv + r = 0 = R A r r RR v U = I 3 R + R v
R = RR v R + R v = R A R R = = R v >> R R R + R v R v R R R R = RAR v = R R R A A v v R = 100 RARv = 30 RR R A v A = R = R R v >> R R R v 100 = = 8.3 1.2110 3 3 1.2110 = 3.010 = 4.0 4
1 M = M1M2 M 1 M2 M M 1 + M2 2
n 1 2 3 4 5 d cm s =d -d s =s -s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 38 41 44 47 48 48 48 48.5 49.5
I 0.20 0.28 0.36 0.44 0.52 0.60 U 3.00 2.60 2.20 1.80 1.40 1.00 U I 15 9.3 6.1 4.1 2.7 1.7 P=UI 0.60 0.73 0.79 0.79 0.73 0.60
C = S 4 kd C = Q U D
C T = 4T D T = T 1 2 1 2 4 T = T 1 2 4
a = S - S m n 1 2 T5 = 0.1 (m - n)t 50 10 2 S4 S1 ( 4. 29 8. 78) 2 a1 = 2 = 2 = 150. ( / ) 3T 301.
S5 S2 (2.78-7.30) a 2 = 2 T 30.1 2 10 3 2 = 1.51 a = S -S 3 2 2T 3 1 ( 579. 878. ) 10 = 2 301. 2 2-10 2 2 = -1.50 / a = a + a + a 1 2 3 2 = 1.50 3