A Study of Shanghai s Housing Affordability
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90 1992 1996 1998 7 [1998]23 1998 7 1 1 2001 12 21 56206 1
1990 1992 2002 5408.76 5.3 748.89 9.7 34.24 1985 4.33 1990 5 1991 5 1997 2002 2001 2002 11.36 2 2003 2
3
4 Housing Affordability 1992 3 1994 2000 3 1992.6 13-14 4 2000.7 10 5 4 9
Weicher1977 25 25 Lerman Reeder1987 30 Maclennan Williams1990 Bramley1990 5
PIR=P h I P h I PIR PIR PIR 1998 6 7 3 4 2002 2003 6 1999.2 27 7 1980 3 8 9 6
3~61 1961 70 70 25 10 15 15 20 30 10 2002.6 17 11 2000.7 11 12 11 1112 7
Income Needed to Quality,INQ HP HP i 12 n present value interest factor, PVIF i,n HPPVIFi,n 1 HPPVIFi,n 12 INQ PVIFi,n 13 1996.1 1819 8
14 2000.7 12 15 14 13 9
1989 1 1 11 1 10
2 Joong-hee Lee 1997 2002 2001 4.6,4.2,4.6,5.0 4.6 3 1990 77 19.4 4 1999 79 8.36 7.60 5.11 79 11
7.15 5 1996 81 5.79 6 1999 Tenure Status and Housing Afordability in Kaohsiung PIR 4.7 8.4 Metropolitan Area 21.8 Taiwan 79.32 21.11 7 John C. Weicher 1977The affordability of new homes 1963 1975 12
8 Donald L. Lerman William J. Reeder 1987The 1975 affordability of 1983 adequate housing 12 2000 18 16 17 100 30 30 18 16 17 1992.6 73 18 2000.7 66 13
26 35 26 30 36 45 41 45 19 46.01 152 39.66 131 31.22 103 41.92 138.5 20 19 1996.1 53 20 1999.2 414 415 14
15
16
11 17
18
21 22 Sir William Petty, 1623~1687 23 24 21,,,1997,6~9 22,2002.7,224~225 23,,,1997,6 24 2002.12.24 http://www.riel.whu.edu.cn/show.asp?id=690 19
20
1950 1957 1982 10 1978 25 2001. http://www.lhdz.gov.cn/luntan/neirong/zhaiyumin.doc 21
1979 26 1986 11 1 27 1996 7 1 1984 28 26 27 http://www.ngl.org.cn/zgfd/lshanghai.htm 28 2001 http://www.lhdz.gov.cn/luntan/neirong/zhaiyumin.doc 22
1987 11 29 30 12 1 8588 50 44 525 1949 31 1988 4 12 32 1988 9 27 29 30 2003 5 31 http://202.130.245.40/chinese/ec-c/238759.htm 32 1 9 8 8. 4. 1 3 1 1988 4 12 23
33 1988 11 1 1988 12 29 34 35 1998 8 29 1999 1 1 1994 7 5 1998 8 29 1990 4 29 [1989]49 33 http://www.cin.gov.cn/law/other/2000111305.htm 34 http://www.chinabuildnet.com/cblaw/guojia/renda/juti/nr7.htm 35 / / 1999.1 36 http://www.law-lib.com/lawhtm/1990/51746.htm 24
1999 3 2 37 1990 5 19 37 http://www.mlr.gov.cn/project/querystat/multdocview.jsp?icid=czgytd 25
1990 5 19 1992 1992 11 4 38 http://www.mlr.gov.cn/project/querystat/multdocview.jsp?icid=wstzkf 26
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1993 2800 1100 78 40 39 http://www.china.org.cn/chinese/ch-fangchan/139817.htm 40 http://202.130.245.40/chinese/ec-c/238759.htm 27
1994 2 4 41,1994 5 1 1997 5 27,2000 11 17 2001 1 1 1994 7 5 1995 1 1 1990 4 1992 3 1995 6 30 995 10 1 1995 6 28 42 41 http://211.99.196.217:89/gate/big5/www.shanghai.gov.cn/gb/shanghai/node2314/node2316/node2334/no de2524/userobject6ai452.html 42 http://gov.0731fdc.com/200111/27/306.shtml 28
1996 6 21 43 1996 7 1 1986 10 30 1996 10 30 1997 1 1 2001 5 21 2001 7 26 43 http://211.99.196.217:89/gate/big5/www.shanghai.gov.cn/gb/shanghai/node2314/node2316/node2334/no de2524/userobject6ai790.html 44 561 29
1 2 3 4 5 1998 3 1 1998 12 24 1999 7 27 1999 5 31 1999 9 1 45 http://www.chinalawnet.com/law/law06_12.asp 46 2001.7 213218 47 http://www.szfdc.gov.cn/new/publicinfo/four/2-2-19.htm 48 30
002 4 1 1999 1 27 [1999]30 1 2. 3 1. 2 49 2001.7 224226 31
1999 5 6 199711 2002 7 1 50 2001.7 169173 51 http://www.mlr.gov.cn/project/querystat/multdocview.jsp?icid=02-5-20-80867946 32
2003 3 1 2002 10 31 2003 5 1 52 http://www.mlr.gov.cn/project/querystat/multdocview.jsp?icid=2003-02-27-989168122 53 http://211.99.196.217:89/gate/big5/www.shanghai.gov.cn/gb/shanghai/node2314/node2316/node2334/no de2524/userobject6ai225.html 33
2003 6 11 21 2003 8 1 1995 6 28 ; 70% 54 http://www.mlr.gov.cn/project/querystat/multdocview.jsp?icid=2003-07-17-860354802 34
35
1988 4 12 55 http://www.mlr.gov.cn/project/querystat/multdocview.jsp?icid=czgytd 36
1999 7 27 1999222 5 56 http://www.szfdc.gov.cn/new/publicinfo/four/2-2-19.htm 37
57-2003.09.22http://www.law-lib.com/lw/lw_view.asp?no=2080 38
1998 3 1 58-2003.09.22http://www.law-lib.com/lw/lw_view.asp?no=2080 39
40
59 70 50 50 40 50 59 2003/08/01 http://www.ettoday.com/2003/08/01/91-1491825.htm 41
42
29 374 5.3 1978 60 1950 4.5 3.6 869 47.5% 61 1980 4 2 10 15 60 = / 61 80 2000.7.31 43
62 1950 62 http://www.cin.gov.cn/fdc/other/2001022601.htm 44
63 63 45
1980 19801993 1994 64 1980 1985 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1997 1998 64 http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/sdenveconomics/udm/docs/m5s3houximincn.pdf 46
65 70 1982 4 17 1/3 1984 10 11 1984140 65 / 1999.11 47
66 67 1980 6 22 1983 12 17 66 1988.3.28 67 http://www.chinabuildnet.com/cblaw/guojia/guowuyuan/juti/nr8zhufanggg.htm 48
68 1984 69 70 68 2001.7 58 69 130 70 49
1985 71 1986 1 1987 8 1 1987 1988 1 3 1988 2 15 71 126 1985 1 1985 3 50
1988 72 1988 20 1988 73 198819911993 1996 1988 1991 1996 1998 6 1998 72 http://www.law110.com/law/guowuyuan/2083.htm 73 http://www.cin.gov.cn/indus/other/2001022601.htm 51
74 1989 12 26 1990 4 1 75 1990 3 18 6 1 74-2002.10.21 http://chanye.sina.com.cn/js/2002-10-21/80325.shtml http://www.cin.gov.cn/indus/other/2001022601.htm 75 2000.8 292293 52
76 1990 3 14 1990 4 5 1990 8 1 1997 5 27 77 1991 78 76 621 623 77 http://61.129.65.26:82/gate/big5/www.shanghai.gov.cn/gb/shanghai/node2314/node2316/node2334/node 2524/userobject6ai176.html 78 http://www.cin.gov.cn/indus/other/2001022601.htm 53
1991 79 1991 6 7 1 2 3 ( ) 4 5 6 79 2001 4 25 http://www.cin.gov.cn/indus/speech/2001050801.htm 54
7 8 9 10 80 1991 11 23 1991 12 31 80 2003.3.21 http://sh.focus.cn/newshtml/43729.html 55
56 81 1993 1994 7 81 http://www.law110.com/fenlei/90001.htm
18 82 5 83 1994 7 5 1995 1 1 84 82 2001.7 142 83 84 2001.7 1 57
1994 8 22 1995 1 1 1999 12 6 85 2000 1 1 86 1997 5 9 1997 6 1 1994 11 15 1995 1 1 2001 8 15 1 85 624 86 2001.7 351 58
2 3 25 30 90 1 3 87 3 1996 8 8 [1996]35 88 87 http://www.cin.gov.cn/law/depart/2001090702.htm 88 2001.7 158 59
1997 4 28 89 1998 5 9 90 89 2001.7 461 90 http://www.pbc.gov.cn/jinrongfagui/ 60
1997 4 30 42 1997 6 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 91 2000 9 20 89 92 2000 10 1 91 641 642 92 http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/gb/shanghai/node2314/node2316/node2334/node2524/userobject6ai275.htm l 61
1998 3 7 1 1998 1999 7 6 15 17 1998 70 62
1020 1 20 50 10 60 70 50 93 1998 6 7 3 [1998]23 94 4 95 93 http://www.chinabiz.org.tw/maz/invcina/199808-054/199808-114.htm 94 2001.7 162 95 http://www.cin.gov.cn/indus/other/2001022601.htm 63
1998 7 20 96 1999 4 3 97 2002 3 24 98 1999 4 22 5 1 96 2001.7 97 97 2001.7 104 98 http://www.cin.gov.cn/law/admin/2002040102.htm 64
99 7 15 100 1999 8 9 1999 101 99 2001.7 368 100 http://www.law110.com/law/shuiwu/32003.htm 101 2002.10.21 65
1999 11 26 102 2000 5 11 103 2001 3 14 102 http://www.minhang-house.com:8888/minhang/new/zhinan_details.jsp?nnodeid=1306 103 http://www.cin.gov.cn/fdc/file/2000051902.htm 66
2001 6 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 104 2001 6 13 105 2001 11 1 1991 3 22 104 http://www.cin.gov.cn/indus/news/2001041302.htm 105 http://www.cin.gov.cn/law/admin/2001062102-00.htm 67
1997 12 8 106 2001 6 25 70 30 106 http://www.shfdz.gov.cn/zcfg/zxzcfg_content.asp?id=21021 68
107 2001 8 107 69
108 108 2001.7 70
109 110 109 2001 11 110 2003.7 358 71
111 112 1 2 3 4 111 2003.7.21 http://www.zgpg.net/show.aspx?id=2795&cid=25 112 2003.7 359364 72
2003 6 13 113 5 113 http://www.pbc.gov.cn/xinwen/ 73
2003 11 6 114 2003 41 1996 2002 2004 1 2 114 986 1 2003.11.6 74
41 19962002 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 107.0 107.5 105.8 103.8 103.8 104.5 104.8 108.9 110.4 109.2 106.8 108.4 111.0 113.1 114.2 124.5 119.5 123.6 124.3 135.5 149.7 97.4 96.1 94.5 90.8 92.4 93.5 93.4 118.5 123.8 123.5 124.1 123.8 123.4 126.9 101.7 99.5 95.6 92.6 89.8 86.7 83.8 107.7 108.6 108.1 107.9 107.8 109.2 109.5 41 19962002 1995 1000 115 116 8000 / 10000 115 2001 11 116 2003.9.10 http://www.house2008.com/article.asp?articleid=4787 75
117 90 42 19932002 1993 12947400 8934600 4386900 3 2042 2002 13342300 10188100 4817700 2.8 118 2104 1993~2002 117 2003.7 357 118 1991 3 1994 2.9 1997 2.8 76
42 19932002 () %( ) () 1993 1 294.74 893.46 69.00 438.69 3.0 2 042 5.37 7.02 1994 1 298.81 910.49 70.10 444.38 2.9 2 048 4.07 5.69 1995 1 301.37 921.70 70.83 450.76 2.9 2 052 2.56 6.38 1996 1 304.43 932.14 71.46 457.49 2.9 2 057 3.06 6.73 1997 1 305.46 943.03 72.24 461.40 2.8 2 059 1.03 3.91 1998 1 306.58 953.65 72.99 465.72 2.8 2 061 1.12 4.32 1999 1 313.12 969.63 73.84 470.11 2.8 2 071 6.54 4.39 2000 1 321.63 986.16 74.62 475.73 2.8 2 084 8.51 5.62 2001 1 327.14 999.07 75.28 478.92 2.8 2 093 5.51 3.19 2002 1 334.23 1 018.81 76.36 481.77 2.8 2 104 7.09 2.85 77
( ) () ( ) () ( ) () 1993 8.40 6.5 9.40 7.3-1.00 -.8 1994 7.63 5.9 9.42 7.3-1.79-1.4 1995 7.11 5.5 9.79 7.5-2.68-2.0 1996 6.79 5.2 9.77 7.5-2.98-2.3 1997 6.42 4.9 9.57 7.3-3.15-2.4 1998 6.17 4.7 10.13 7.8-3.96-3.1 1999 6.56 5.0 9.54 7.3-2.98-2.3 2000 6.95 5.3 9.45 7.2-2.50-1.9 2001 5.76 4.4 9.34 7.1-3.58-2.7 2002 6.20 4.7 9.67 7.3-3.47-2.6 44 43 78
() () () 1993 18.55 14.4 11.86 9.2 6.69 5.2 1994 19.96 15.4 12.54 9.7 7.42 5.7 1995 19.47 15.0 13.20 10.2 6.27 4.8 1996 19.87 15.2 13.47 10.3 6.40 4.9 1997 17.81 13.6 13.06 10.0 4.75 3.6 1998 18.52 14.2 12.35 9.5 6.17 4.7 1999 23.87 18.2 14.98 11.4 8.89 6.8 2000 20.06 15.2 8.87 6.7 11.19 8.5 2001 17.58 13.3 8.50 6.4 9.08 6.9 2002 16.93 12.7 5.88 4.4 11.05 8.3 45 1993 8934600 69 2002 10188100 76.36 1998 6 7 3 [1998]23 4 79
45 1993 1294.74 893.46 69.00 1.10 1994 1298.81 910.49 70.10 1.10 1995 1301.37 921.70 70.83 0.73 1996 1304.43 932.14 71.46 0.63 1997 1305.46 943.03 72.24 0.78 1998 1306.58 953.65 72.99 0.75 1999 1313.12 969.63 73.84 0.85 2000 1321.63 986.16 74.62 0.78 2001 1327.14 999.07 75.28 0.66 2002 1334.23 1018.81 76.36 1.08 2005 7% GDP 1990 0.5 2002 6.9 2002 119 http://www.shucm.sh.cn/jsglzt/clqj/swjh/swjh_07_01.htm 80
373.63 14.5 7% 1820 46 19931994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 200020012002 7.37.5 8 8.7 9.3 9.7 10.9 11.812.513.1 WTO 2002 2001 2001 2002 2001 81
120 121 2003 1 5 7000 182 122 2003 6 13 121 121 2003 8 31 ( (2003)18 18 ) 2003 6 13 121 120 2002.12.31 http://house.enorth.com.cn/system/2002/12/31/000483302.shtml 121 2003-11-13 http://www.jxnews.com.cn/n796/ca557728.htm 122 2003.9.3 82
18 35 1998 1400 800 1999 1200 1800 1 0.75 2 0.03% 3 500 / 30 250 / 30 4 100200 / 123 1 123 83
70 65 1 35 32 2 18 16 3 10 124 125 2003 10 15 2003 11 10 ( ) 2003 6 1 2008 5 31 124 http://www.sh.chinanews.com.cn/news/2003-06-04/1/6934.html 125 http://www.csj.sh.gov.cn/gb/csj/smcsljl/tiex/zcgd/index.html 84
2003 6 1 2008 5 31 1 1 3 1 12 31 2003 2003 12 1 12 31 6 2001 8 1 471995 2002 45287.70 33929.36 2000 2002 11826.83 9789.77 2000 2002 9624.17 8955.72 1997 2002 1998 1995 2002 2027.93 85
326.21 2001 2002 47 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 5074.80 6005.46 5341.79 5416.10 5083.18 5523.23 5986.18 ( ) 3843.22 4154.16 3647.47 3704.29 3747.17 4263.50 4842.31 108.09% 87.80% 101.56% 101.16% 113.78% 113.58% 118.27% ( ) 700.39 1207.86 1464.96 1565.34 1468.62 1643.62 1791.36 529.77 992.30 1176.14 1242.00 1229.23 1388.01 1524.21 187.31% 118.53% 105.60% 98.97% 112.92% 109.81% 112.07% 567.66 573.50 686.45 1141.91 1328.67 1557.87 1796.64 ( ) 1971.47 536.31 528.56 617.02 1056.77 1243.33 1445.87 1681.48 1846.38 98.55% 116.74% 171.27% 117.65% 116.29% 116.29% 109.81% 50.95 60.52 102.02 130.42 219.99 358.38 508.26 ( ) 597.39 18.34 14.31 21.38 27.34 42.71 59.29 65.99 76.85 78.03% 149.41% 127.88% 156.22% 138.82% 111.30% 116.46% 2002 2003 6.166.17 86
-6.54463.74559.12185.23-14.1-57.86-157.27-138.27 48 1995 2002 1997 1998 1999 1995 2002 ( ) 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 529.77 992.30 1176.14 1242.00 1229.23 1388.01 1524.21 1708.11 536.31 528.56 617.02 1056.77 1243.33 1445.87 1681.48 1846.38-6.54 463.74 559.12 185.23-14.1-57.86-157.27-138.27 2002 2003 2003 637.23 746.75 11.17 1306.99 1274.37 1.031 2000 2002 5419.66 87
5325.98 2002 1 279.47 51.4% 134.34 55.6% 126 2003 109.52 6 285.95 106.13 20.9% 127 1997 2002 543100 4979.92 49 49 1997 2002 # ## 1997 9180 162.40 87.68 23.95 14.95 1998 24501 315.23 197.56 21.49 18.28 1999 44234 510.84 336.69 37.63 14.61 2000 96348 778.52 648.23 39.48 21.65 2001 164598 1 422.43 1 031.48 56.99 57.24 2002 204239 1 790.50 1 341.60 65.70 91.80 2003 410 1997 126 2003 8 127 2003.7.11 http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/house/2003-07/11/content_967957.htm 88
410 19972002 1997 176.91 53.99 1998 128.66 62.67 1999 115.49 65.91 2000 80.80 83.26 2001 86.42 72.52 2002 87.67 74.93 91.69 67.08 80 128 128 4 794 2002.10.28 http://www.zgfdcb.com/html/luntan/20021028103916.asp 89
2001 96 96 100 120 129 2002 11 27 6 100 35 2003 8 14 2010 2010 30 90 85 130 2003 2003 70 342272 2.7 70100 1816623 14.1 100150 6865549 53.4 150 3823333 29.8 131 100 83.2 132 100 5060 70 129 house.focus.cn 2003.01.17 130 2003.08.14 http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjfx/fxbg/1200308140024.htm 131 http://www.shfdz.gov.cn/hydt/2003_ys.doc 132 90
133 100 100 133 2003 1 48 91
1 7000 2003 6 13 2003 8 31 18 134 134 2003.9.5 http://house.sohu.com/96/53/article212865396.shtml 92
1 2 2002 11 17 2003 1 1 135 1. 2 3. 4. 5. 6. 4 2%3% 135 http://www.cin.gov.cn/fdc/file/2002112501.htm 93
1995 2002 2002 2003 411 19952003 41 19952003 411 19952003 1997 97.41% 1997 2001 2002 2001 136 1996 2003 1995 1995 =100 1996 119.82116.71122.16125.23134.28147.72161.77181.67 41 19952003 136 : http://qsy.eastday.com/epublish/gb/paper409/2/class040900010/hwz1156252.htm 94
4 19952003 1995 1995 100 137 2003 4500 1 2001 2002 2 2003 5784 4027 3 2003 5 22 1 4 4300 4 2003.8.19 1 7 4509 52002 100 3500 2003 95
4 412 19992003 1999 10 1999 11 2000 10 2003 9 2002 8 2003 9 2003 2 15 19992000200120022003 646654697783975 138 42 19992003 1999 138 2003 19 22 1012 20 975 96
4 19992003 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1999 655 653 652 648 646 645 644 643 642 640 641 641 646 2000 642 642 646 647 652 653 657 660 660 662 663 664 654 2001 665 666 671 676 682 693 705 710 713 725 729 731 697 2002 737 739 746 757 767 778 782 794 807 820 830 844 783 2003* 855 879 895 911 930 953 996 1013 1038 1058 1078 1098 975 19992003 19 22 1012 20 4 1999 2003 1999 100 2000 2003 1999 4 13 19992003 43 97
413 19992003 1999 1999 2000 101.24 107.22 2001 107.90 117.96 2002 121.21 129.17 2003 150.93 145.07 412 413 413 98
1985 2002 414 415 44 4 15 44 1985 61.89 76.12 85.38 97.02 113.12 128.09 153.30 2002 43.71 57.16 70.14 87.77 109.34 141.51 238.63-18.18-18.96-15.24-9.25-3.78 +13.42 +85.33 44 100.00 416 45 19852002 99
100
19852002 1985 1 075 61.89% 76.12% 85.38% 97.02% 113.12% 128.09% 153.30% 1986 1 293 66.89% 75.73% 85.54% 97.14% 111.76% 127.07% 152.36% 1987 1 437 64.02% 75.64% 85.66% 96.03% 112.04% 131.11% 160.33% 1988 1 723 63.49% 74.17% 84.21% 97.39% 113.35% 132.56% 161.87% 1989 1 975 62.08% 74.73% 84.25% 97.16% 112.86% 158.43% 157.16% 1990 2 182 63.61% 74.89% 84.14% 96.43% 113.20% 130.38% 158.07% 1991 2 486 61.10% 84.03% 84.15% 97.91% 110.74% 131.98% 167.46% 1992 3 009 58.82% 72.05% 83.18% 97.57% 114.36% 131.34% 166.83% 1993 4 277 54.06% 75.66% 79.03% 93.92% 112.72% 137.95% 176.46% 1994 5 868 50.56% 64.09% 77.69% 92.11% 110.02% 140.32% 197.82% 1995 7 172 48.61% 63.96% 75.46% 92.02% 111.61% 139.88% 192.36% 1996 8 159 49.11% 63.08% 74.67% 92.27% 113.46% 136.62% 191.68% 1997 8 439 48.35% 63.62% 76.73% 94.08% 114.46% 140.23% 188.60% 1998 8 773 47.28% 64.13% 76.83% 92.69% 113.95% 138.22% 187.53% 1999 10 932 51.73% 62.54% 72.71% 87.21% 108.79% 139.23% 219.59% 2000 11 718 52.65% 64.92% 75.23% 89.85% 110.02% 137.69% 203.52% 2001 12 883 47.37% 59.77% 71.18% 86.59% 107.21% 131.45% 237.64% 2002 13 250 43.71% 57.16% 70.14% 87.77% 109.34% 141.51% 238.63% 101
415 102
A B / B/A 1985 665 1 648 2.48 1986 865 1 970 2.28 1987 920 2 304 2.50 1988 1 094 2 789 2.55 1989 1 226 3 104 2.53 1990 1 388 3 449 2.48 1991 1 519 4 163 2.74 1992 1 770 5 020 2.84 1993 2 312 7 547 3.26 1994 2 967 11 608 3.91 1995 3 486 13 796 3.96 1996 4 007 15 639 3.90 1997 4 080 15 916 3.90 1998 4 148 16 452 3.97 1999 5 655 24 006 4.25 2000 6 169 23 849 3.87 2001 6 103 30 615 5.02 2002 5 791 31 619 5.46 103
19952002 717281598439 877310932117181288313250 2003 11 11 2003 1 3 11100 139 14800 417 19952003 46 19952003 41719952003 139 2003.11.11 http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjfx/fxbg/200311110044.htm 104
20799 2366123629245643061032810360723710041440 3 2151624477253172631932796 35154386493975044400 417 46 19952003 2003 14800 206.36 ( ) (3 /) 19952002 2003 2003 11 11 2003 1 3 11100 105
46 19952003 1 19852002 2 3 4 415 44 419 47 106
1985 992 689 757 870 973 1 123 1 255 1 369 1986 1 170 799 925 1 038 1 121 1 288 1 419 1 785 1987 1 282 894 991 1 114 1 203 1 459 1 630 1 961 1988 1 648 1 084 1 209 1 405 1 588 1 931 2 072 2 620 1989 1 812 1 191 1 407 1 625 1 743 2 079 2 219 2 662 1990 1 937 1 386 1 470 1 702 1 907 2 115 2 529 2 748 1991 2 167 1 366 1 684 1 866 2 295 2 347 2 752 3 194 1992 2 509 1 617 1 943 2 185 2 509 2 915 3 227 3 417 1993 3 530 2 141 2 639 2 967 3 416 3 895 4 999 5 126 1994 4 669 2 822 3 405 3 728 4 718 5 178 6 009 7 662 1995 5 868 3 227 4 139 4 696 5 497 6 601 7 630 10 203 1996 6 763 3 996 4 735 5 683 6 546 7 390 8 945 10 716 1997 6 820 4 147 4 973 5 624 6 659 7 395 8 753 11 593 1998 6 866 4 212 4 990 5 824 6 924 7 373 7 873 11 574 1999 8 248 5 603 6 371 7 011 7 623 8 966 11 006 12 812 2000 8 868 5 372 7 302 7 516 8 555 9 445 10 698 14 865 2001 9 336 6 126 7 731 7 647 8 473 10 010 11 997 15 482 2002 10 464 6 382 8 367 8 900 9 776 10 937 13 023 18 639 140 2003.4.22 http://202.130.245.40/chinese/op-c/318322.htm 107
141 108
1985 992 69.46% 76.31% 87.70% 98.13% 113.21% 126.51% 138.00% 1986 1 170 68.27% 79.06% 88.72% 95.81% 110.09% 121.28% 152.56% 1987 1 282 69.77% 77.33% 86.90% 93.84% 113.81% 127.15% 152.96% 1988 1 648 65.78% 73.36% 85.25% 96.36% 117.17% 125.73% 158.98% 1989 1 812 65.73% 77.65% 89.68% 96.19% 114.74% 122.46% 146.91% 1990 1 937 71.55% 75.89% 87.87% 98.45% 109.19% 130.56% 141.87% 1991 2 167 63.04% 77.71% 86.11% 105.91% 108.31% 127.00% 147.39% 1992 2 509 64.45% 77.44% 87.09% 100.00% 116.18% 128.62% 136.19% 1993 3 530 60.66% 74.76% 84.05% 96.77% 110.34% 141.61% 145.21% 1994 4 669 60.44% 72.93% 79.85% 101.05% 110.90% 128.70% 164.10% 1995 5 868 54.99% 70.54% 80.03% 93.68% 112.49% 130.03% 173.88% 1996 6 763 59.09% 70.01% 84.03% 96.79% 109.27% 132.26% 158.45% 1997 6 820 60.81% 72.92% 82.46% 97.64% 108.43% 128.34% 169.99% 1998 6 866 61.35% 72.68% 84.82% 100.84% 107.38% 114.67% 168.57% 1999 8 248 67.93% 77.24% 85.00% 92.42% 108.71% 133.44% 155.33% 2000 8 868 60.58% 82.34% 84.75% 96.47% 106.51% 120.63% 167.63% 2001 9 336 65.62% 82.81% 81.91% 90.76% 107.22% 128.50% 165.83% 2002 10 464 60.99% 79.96% 85.05% 93.43% 104.52% 124.46% 178.13% 109
420 421 48 1 2 1985 4.3 1996 1997 2002 2001 2002 11.4 110
111
1985 100 52.1 15.3 11.9 0.5 3.0 9.2 4.3 3.7 1986 100 52.7 14.0 12.7 0.4 2.7 9.4 4.1 4.0 1987 100 54.4 14.2 11.7 0.5 3.0 8.4 4.7 3.0 1988 100 52.6 14.8 13.4 0.5 2.5 8.8 4.3 3.1 1989 100 55.8 11.3 12.0 0.5 2.6 10.7 4.1 3.0 1990 100 56.5 10.8 10.1 0.6 3.0 11.9 4.6 2.5 1991 100 56.9 11.0 10.2 0.6 2.9 10.0 5.4 3.0 1992 100 55.9 11.0 7.8 1.5 4.6 8.8 6.5 3.9 1993 100 53.1 11.7 8.3 1.9 6.0 9.1 5.9 4.0 1994 100 53.5 10.4 9.1 1.8 6.2 8.2 7.1 3.7 1995 100 53.4 9.6 10.9 1.9 5.5 8.6 6.8 3.3 1996 100 50.7 8.7 9.1 2.2 7.3 12.2 6.2 3.6 1997 100 51.7 8.1 7.7 2.9 5.8 12.1 8.9 2.8 1998 100 50.6 6.9 6.6 3.8 5.9 13.0 9.8 3.4 1999 100 45.2 6.7 9.3 4.2 7.1 13.3 10.2 4.0 2000 100 44.5 6.4 7.7 5.6 8.6 14.5 9.0 3.7 2001 100 43.4 6.2 6.2 6.0 10.3 15.2 8.5 4.2 2002 100 39.4 5.9 6.2 7.0 10.7 15.9 11.4 3.5 112
422 49 113
10 464 6 382 8 367 8 900 9 776 10 937 13 023 18 639 4 120 3 026 3 608 3 735 4 102 4 328 4 588 5 883 613 318 389 474 585 690 882 1 121 653 273 402 514 564 598 776 1 828 734 383 433 691 783 677 996 1 302 1 115 462 630 718 1 013 1 716 1 471 1 843 1 668 1 134 1 765 1 370 1 448 1 581 2 196 2 931 1 189 565 961 1 068 1 052 979 1 283 3 024 372 221 179 330 229 368 831 707 2003 4.23 114
100 4 1995 2003 247729682891302631023326365940074500 247700296800289100302600310200332600365900400700450000 1995 2003 717281598439 115
87731093211718128831325014800 3 3 1995 2003 2151624477 25317263193279635154386493975044400 = / 1995 2003 11.5112.1311.4211.509.469.469.4710.0810.14 4 23 410 116
410 1995 2003 1 1995 2003 5.986.336.056.13 4.314.653.984.224.25 8.238.888.14 8.326.796.877.207.127.16 10.3110.699.9810.098.698.608.839.229.27 12.5113.1412.1412.4010.8510.5310.9311.4911.55 15.2616.2414.8814.9713.01 12.5813.3014.3714.45 18.0019.22 17.9517.9315.1214.5715.8417.6317.73 23.6924.6923.6224.3218.2817.9719.9823.0623.19 424 411 117
1995 2002 414423 2003 2003 11 11 2003 1 3 11100 142 14800 44400 2003 14800/2002 13250=1.1172003 2002 1.117 2003 142 2003.11.11 http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjfx/fxbg/200311110044.htm 118
424 19952003 PIR 423 1995 2003 410 1995 2003 1995 2003 6 3 6 1996 12 1999 9.46 1999 2001 2002 10 1995 119
424 19952003 PIR 4 11 19952003 PIR 3~6 7 2002 23 2001 2002 2002 423 2003 14800 44400 6 266400 100 2664 266400 2003 4500 59.2 120
60 1 2 143 143 2003.4.22 http://202.130.245.40/chinese/op-c/318322.htm 121
416 45 1993 1994 2001 2002 1985 2002 415 122
144 1 145 2 3 146 100 147 33 48 144 34 3 2003.5 8487 145 2003.3.10 http://www.people.com.cn/gb/shizheng/252/10307/10401/20030310/940589.html 146 http://www.southcn.com/estate/chanye/dashi/200211050246.htm 147 2003.5.13 123
19 30 4 2.5 148 5 2003 637.23 746.75 1 1.17 1306.99 1274.37 1.031 2002 279 134 2003 6 149 106 6 http://news.tfol.com/news/house/block/html/2003051300251.html 148-2003 12 15 http://sh.sohu.com/2003/12/15/40/article216924001.shtml 149 124
2003 6 121 18 7 125
1985 4.3 1996 1997 2002 2001 2002 11.4 2002 2002 1995 2003 11.5112.1311.4211.509.469.469.4710.0810.14 5.986.336.056.134.314.653.984.224.25 8.238.888.148.326.796.877.207.127.16 10.31 10.699.9810.098.698.608.839.229.27 12.5113.14 12.1412.4010.8510.5310.9311.4911.55 15.2616.24 14.8814.9713.0112.5813.3014.3714.45 18.0019.2217.95 17.9315.1214.5715.8417.6317.73 23.6924.6923.62 24.3218.2817.9719.9823.0623.19 1995 2003 6 3 6 126
1996 12 1999 9.46 2002 10 1995 3~6 7 2002 23 1 127
2 1985 2002 128
129 2003 1
9. 2003.5. 34 3 8487 130
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