* mediation 336 216 A B A 1953196519771988 1989 40 B 20 40 1995 336 340 4 200 * Kathryn Bernhardt Modern China William Rowe 2001 19961996-1996 1986 1900 1
136 1949 Cohen, 1967,1999; Palmer, 1987,1989; Clarke, 1991 Meijer, 1971; Johnson, 1983; Palmer, 1996; Diamant, 2000 1989 80% 20%1990993 2000 (20011257 Lubman, 1999270-71) 199156 KabyliaBourdieu1977114 58 Clarke 1991Lubman 1999 89 2
1950 198317-181959 / INT95-JP-1 1980 25 1983411982 1989 11 21 14 8 19941086 INT93-9 1977 A A, 1997-20 3
2001 4 28 1960 INT93-9 mediation 1952 INT93-8,9 1977 9 B 25 4B, 1977-16 2001 4 28 2004 8 http://www.people.com.cn 2003 10 1 1968 1974 B, 1965-2 4
1977 4 9 23 9 25 10 15 3 29 5
49-300 40 10 15 10 19 40-6
- 10 22-10 27 40 11 6 2000230 7
- - 1 1 () 1989 A A,1989-14 INT93-B-4 8
1965 B 30 1956 1964 1989 14 A 1965 A, 1965-14 8 1 2 3 B,1988-12 B 1965 1964 2 1964 250 30 1977 BB,1977-11. 9
1989 11 14 1990 1989 125000 34000 377000 88000 1990993 1989 2000 2000 1300000 1988 747000 89000 108000 20011257 INT93-9 2000 89000 1989 108000 122,000 1,000 1989 2000 1989 61 2000 10
- - 1957[1971]1982 1987 - - - 19271941a [1967] / 1941b 11
/ 2001 2001 1981-843.426-27,669-1931 1930 2003 10 1926 18 12
193213 Meijer197151 Meijer 197128119831-4 Philips,1988:561-72 1934 4 8 1981-844.793 1931 Meijer, 197139 Kay Johnson Johnson, 1983:59-60 1942 1942 1949 1943 1942 1981-844.828,840 1939 1944 1981-844.810 1939 1943 1942 Meijer, 1971:285-87, 288-94 3461981-844.804-7826-29838-41Huang2001 13
1953 B B,1953-19 B,1953-7 B,1953-15 B, 1953-1; B, 1953-5 B, 1953-7 B, 1953-20 B, 1953-4 19941099 19941090 1950-53 Kay Johnson 1950-53 70,000 80,000 Johnson, 1983132195323-24 1950 1939 1944 1981-844.804-7808-11 14
1927 4 12 1926 2003238-45 INT 93-122001 1943[1971] Neil Diamant (2000) 1950 Kay Ann Johnson (1983) Diamant 15
1937a[1971], 1937b[1971] 1941a[1971]1941b[1971], 2005 1942[1967] /// 1898-1962 1943 1952 1954 INT 93-B-3INT 93-891987131-45 1980 1931 1926 1929-30 1900 Philips, 1988 revolutionary modernity 16
Sverdlov, 195637ff Philips, 1988561-72 Huang2001164-1992510 - 1950 1926 19361944 1945 Sverdlov, 1956 1949 1981-844.875 199410561064 1953 17
1980 1983 46 Waiting1999 198365-66 198346 1980 2 18
1950-1990 90%-100% 1990 1990993 2 1950-1990 a 1950 33 135 150 138 9 0 0 32 19 111 627 23.9 1951 6 64 145 101 5 0 0 12 6 35 374 38.8 1952 16 55 211 66 2 0 0 12 1 41 404 52.2 1953 30 94 287 121 21 0 0 21 0 51 625 45.9 1954 4 12 232 5 2 0 2 3 0 12 272 85.3 1955 0 3 113 12 0 0 0 1 0 5 134 84.3 1956 0 19 257 5 2 0 5 2 3 38 331 77.6 1957 2 21 169 23 1 0 0 19 5 22 262 64.5 1958 3 19 172 16 1 0 0 13 1 12 237 72.6 1959 0 7 203 0 0 0 0 1 0 11 222 91.4 1960 0 0 179 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 183 97.8 1961 0 0 251 5 1 0 0 5 0 0 262 95.8 1962 1 2 317 11 2 0 0 10 0 0 343 92.4 1963 1 2 267 35 1 0 0 15 0 3 324 82.4 1964 0 0 182 21 3 0 1 4 2 0 213 85.4 1965 0 2 191 4 1 0 1 5 0 0 204 93.6 1966 1 0 76 1 0 0 1 3 1 0 83 91.6 1967-69 1970 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 100.0 1971 0 0 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 100.0 1972 0 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 100.0 1973 0 0 18 0 0 0 1 7 4 1 31 58.1 1974 0 0 36 0 1 0 4 16 17 38 112 32.1 1975 0 0 24 0 0 0 2 3 3 0 32 75.0 1976 0 0 41 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 44 93.2 1977 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 35 94.3 1978 0 0 61 0 0 1 0 6 1 0 69 88.4 1979 0 0 65 0 2 1 0 9 4 1 82 79.3 1980 0 1 103 0 13 3 1 17 6 6 150 68.7 1981 0 1 182 0 12 19 1 33 9 18 275 66.2 1982 0 3 199 0 12 29 8 29 25 20 325 61.2 1983 1 5 207 0 15 27 14 36 19 48 372 55.6 1984 0 8 246 0 13 43 13 39 30 20 412 59.7 1985 0 6 180 0 6 25 10 31 24 36 318 56.6 1986 2 18 230 14 28 8 9 45 40 8 402 57.2 1987 0 37 329 9 9 26 15 38 48 3 514 64.0 19
1988 1 66 453 14 9 33 35 25 67 12 715 63.4 1989 3 123 557 6 4 28 33 22 70 11 857 65.0 1990 0 112 623 19 1 38 34 32 76 9 944 66.0 104 815 7,060 628 177 281 192 548 482 573 10,860 % 1.0 7.5 65.0 5.8 1.6 2.6 1.8 5.0 4.4 5.3 100.0 a. 3 1950-1985 a. 1950 11 49 439 0 7 10 4 1 15 536 81.9 1951 7 34 298 6 0 0 3 1 16 365 81.6 1952 10 43 846 23 4 7 2 0 16 951 89.0 1953 56 83 532 11 0 0 11 0 37 730 72.9 1954 48 51 458 17 0 6 11 0 56 647 70.8 1955 2 15 371 1 0 5 4 0 51 449 82.6 1956 0 8 358 0 0 3 1 0 0 370 96.8 1957 0 6 381 2 3 6 1 2 0 401 95.0 1958 0 12 326 4 0 4 0 8 84 438 74.4 1959 0 3 472 0 0 3 3 2 2 485 97.3 1960 0 0 385 1 1 1 2 0 0 390 98.7 1961 0 0 558 2 0 2 3 1 0 566 98.6 1962 0 1 385 1 0 3 19 2 1 412 93.4 1963 0 3 296 7 0 8 30 5 10 359 82.5 1964 0 9 241 13 4 9 30 1 2 309 78.0 1965 0 5 194 4 5 7 0 2 5 222 87.4 1966-76 1977 0 0 51 2 4 2 14 5 15 93 54.8 1978 0 0 56 0 6 2 30 6 22 122 45.9 1979 0 0 96 3 8 0 47 22 38 214 44.9 1980 0 0 72 3 7 0 36 28 22 168 42.9 1981 0 0 137 16 17 7 73 37 30 317 43.2 1982 0 0 179 8 38 14 62 92 64 457 39.2 1983 9 19 181 8 43 10 54 82 64 470 38.5 1984 8 5 227 12 39 11 26 50 42 420 54.0 1985 7 8 173 9 49 16 14 61 75 412 42.0 158 354 7,712 153 235 136 480 408 667 10,303 % 1.5 3.4 74.9 1.5 2.3 1.3 4.7 4.0 6.5 100.0 20
, 1986: 94-95. a. 19531965197719881989 16% 69% 1977 1985 2,109 215 10:1 198697-1993 9 6 10 9 12 2 5 16% 21
9 1995 1 30 2 8 1986 6 1999 3 15 1 1999 3 16 2001 4 28 1980 1 INT - 1995 1999 JP INT95-JP-1 Kathryn Bernhardt 1993 -B INT93-B-3 A A 1953196519771988 1989 1 20 01 020 A195320A1965015A B B1953196519771988 1989 1 201995 1 40 19421942 3 9 1986 1953 1982 1981-84 1983 (2000 [1986]): 2001 [1998] (2003): 2005 2005 1 85 95-3 1996 1986 1967 1977 (1927): 1937a 1937b 1941a 1941b 1942 1943 1957 1991 1996 (1996)1996 4 www.lawsky.org 22
1987 20012001 1 30 42 200161 14 1990 2001 1992 1994 BOURDIEU, PIERRE. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Trans. Richard Nice. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. CLARKE, DONALD.1991. Dispute resolution in China. J. Chinese Law 5, 2 (Fall): 245-96. COHEN, JEROME A. 1967. Chinese mediation on the eve of modernization. J. Asian and African Studies 2, 1(April): 54-76. DIAMANT, NEIL J. 2000. Revolutionizing the Family: Politics, Love, and Divorce in Urban and Rural China, 1949-1968. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press. HA, JIN (). 1999. Waiting. New York: Pantheon. HUANG, PHIILIP C. C. (). 2005. Divorce law practices and the origins, myths, and realities of judicial mediation in China. Modern China, 31, 2 (April)151-203. JOHNSON, KAY ANN.1983. Women, the Family and Peasant Revolution in China. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. LUBMAN, STANLEY. 1967. Mao and mediation: politics and dispute resolution in Communist China. California Law Rev. 55: 1284-1359. 1999. Bird in a Cage: Legal Reform in China after Mao. Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press. The Marriage Law of the People s Republic of China.1959 [1950]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. The Marriage Law of the People s Republic of China.1982 [1980]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. MEIJER, MARINUS J. 1971. Marriage Law and Policy in the Chinese People s Republic. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Univ. Press. PALMER, MICHAEL.1987. The revival of mediation in the People s Republic of China: (1) Extra-judicial mediation. Yearbook on Socialist Legal Systems 1987: 219-77. 1989. The revival of mediation in the People s Republic of China: (2) Judicial mediation. Yearbook on Socialist Legal Systems 1989: 145-71. 1996 The re-emergence of family law in post-mao China: marriage, divorce, and reproduction. pp. 110-34 in Stanley, L (ed.), China Legal Reforms. Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press. PHILLIPS, RODERICK.1988. Putting Asunder: A History of Divorce in Western Society. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. The Soviet Law on Marriage. 1932[1926]. Moscow: Co-operative Publishing Society of Foreign Workers in the USSR. SVERDLOW, GREGORY. 1956. Marriage and the Family in the U.S.S.R. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House. 2006 23