x Q X Q Y Q Y Q i i i n i i n i i i n i i n 0 1 1 0 1 1 = = = = = =

o, y j j; 1, j; n C i n = i= 1 1 X ij ij n i = 1 K Y j j n n S = C X + k Y ij ij i= 1 j= 1 j= 1 m n j j X my j = 1 2 n j i=1 ij j n X = 1i = 1 2 m i n j=1 ij

n n S = C X + K Y ij ij j j i= 1i= 1 j= 1 n m n S = C X i= 1 i= 1 ij ij n X = aii = 1 2 n i j=1 ij m X = bjj = 1 2 n i i=1 ij

Ö

a1 b1 y1,,λ a a y 2 2 2

a1 a1 1 Λ a 2 a n a 2 a 2 1 Λ a 1 a n Μ Μ Μ a n a n Λ 1 a1 a 2 b1 b1 1 Λ b2 b n b2 b2 1 Λ b 1 b n Μ Μ Μ bn b n Λ 1 b1 b 2 y1 y1 1 Λ y 2 y n y2 y2 1 Λ y1 y n Μ Μ Μ yn yn Λ 1 y1 y2 b2 B Y a b b 2 1 Y2, Λ,,,, Y 1 an bn Yn a n bn Yn ;,, Λ,,, Λ, a b Y a b Y 1 1 1 2 2 2 1

( ) = / ( + ) + = =

3 265 1975

1

32 303 1957

C = 1 - H T 100

C = 100-1 2 S P n i= 1 i i = 100-1 2 4 S P i= 1 i i

1984

27 296 1957

L L n j= 1 X ( i) = ( j = 2, 2, Λ Λ n) x n j= 1 i X ij ij ( j) = ( j = 2, 2, Λ Λ n) x i [] 1979

eij E j a ij = / ei E eij E j X e E e eij ei Ej E E 1 ij = ( ) i = ( ) j = ( 1 ) eij i aij 1 Xi = xij = ( 1 ) eij j j a ij 1 mi = ei / x i ei / ( 1 ) eij j a ij

1 2 + + 1

+ + 1 + + 1 + + 1 1 1 1 = ( ) 2 I

E t N E e e j = ( ) jo jo P j D j o n Eit E e Et = [( ) E e ijo ] ( ) i= 1 io n E it = e E e jt [( ) ijo ] i= 1 io o jo

n ei = ( i i= E P ) P 1 (P ji q ji ) = (P q ) ji oi

= = y y y y = A Y A Y A A / y y y =

( ( ) ( ) ) t 1 100% = y y y y = " " " "

S(c + v + m) -S(c + v) - r = ( c + v) + ( fr = zy) Sm r = ( c + v) + ( fr + zr) P = ( c + v) + ( fr + zr) i i = = =

= n X 1 X 2 Λ X n

= = =

=

E W Fc i n i i = =1

AC AC E ' ' = E

79 1988 [] 1987

1991

[] 1982 1982 11 8

400 250 160 250 80 80 60 50 76.4 40.7 35 400 230 150 200 100 50 55 40 62.0 29. 24.5 ( /) 312 180 126 140 68 40 43 30 57.8 22.2 19.6 1125 1050 850 1100 480 200 230 180 146 94 87.3 420 3215 220 264 150 74 73.6 74 79 65 70 330 157 73 160 95 42 67 40 39 29 40.9 ( /) 44 22 3.3 70 4 17 23 3.5 6.7 1.43 100 33.6 45 50 28 20 2.5 2.6 8 12 92 40 2.0 32 9.2 6 9 1.95

1981 1

1990 1991

1987

[]E.M. 187 1990

Y Na b t ty a t b t 2 Y b t a = N ty N Y t b = 2 t N t t = a bt Y

Y Na ty b t 2 Y = NA B t ty = A t B t 2 2 Y an b t c t 2 3 ty a t b t c t 2 2 3 4 t Y a t b t c t

1991 10 3

1980 1989 19

= ( ) 2 1 2 ( 1 / 30) 1

2 = 1

m d ij j= 1 = mn - / mn- n m d ij i= 1 i 4 = 4 x x x x 1 2 3 4

x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 x = 4 4 2 ( xi x) j= 1 = 4

=

= t =

j X = X / ni = 1 2 n j n i= 1 ij n j i=1 = ( X X ) ij j 2 x j X X + ij j j X j + j X j + 2 j X j + 3 3 j x j

= ( )

= 1 - L 100 M n 2 = ( x x) / n i=1 i G = n a n a o G

n n-1 3 2 a 0R + R + + R + R + R = a i n i= 1 a i n n 1 3 2 i= 1 R + R + + R + R + R = 0 a n a i i= 1 R = n o

n Qi Q W i 100% i= 1 io = n W i= 1 i

2 = ( x x) / n n i= 1 i x 19531989 19531978 19791989

1 1-

;(4) ( =,

= (9) =

ASHA =

1992 9 11

3 7 7 4 4 5

km 45 56.55 17.62 38.36 129.00 23.64 0.7893 0.6836 1.4266 7.8908 0.8708 1.1798 1.3371 2.2955 69.1267 1.8451 0.4489 2.1986 1.4038 11.5323 0.1898 2.35 1.07 1.42 0.40 0.23 0.9956 1.2109 1.5984 7.0307 0.5146 0.3538 0.2452 0.2906 0.0956 0.3281 0.3467 0.2855 0.4563 0.0666 0.5601 20.58 40.59 71.12 5.18 166.31 114.33 0.6578 0.9385 2.2821 0.7031 2.2736 2.2721 0.5672 0.5268 5.8512 0.1095 2.4340 0.9612 3.5735 0.5604 2.7424 9.3545 1.9113 12.2115 0.88 0.94 3.33 3.57 1.36 4.58 1.0408 0.7144 3.3231 1.2663 1.9495 3.3244 0.3472 0.2886 0.2238 0.2679 0.3573 0.3119 0.2814 0.2894 0.1345 0.2606 0.2908 0.2267

1991 1986 8

1992 8 23 1992 5

1988 5