24 3 Vol.24, No.3 8 6 JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY Jun., 8 :14-4965(8)3-233-6 1 2 2 2 1. 442. 181 7 mm 1 mm 4~12 8 1957~4 : :P444 :A 1 [1] 4 5 6 199 [23] [4] 198~199 [5] [6] Rodgers [7] 444 km [8] [91] 2 1949~4 6 677 1951~4 659 :6-12-21;:7-6-28 477546973 6CB4361 E-mail: wymzhx@163.com
234 24 18 1951 17 1957 57 1957~4 197~ [8] [11].5.5 A grid V grid A r ϕ ϕ λ r ϕ 2 2 grid = cos = (π /36) cos V grid = A grid P grid 1 6 r ϕ A grid km 2 P grid mm V grid km 3 A grid V grid l A= Agrid, k k = 1 V= Vgrid, l k = 1 l Kendall-tau { 1 n 1 n S = sgn( x x )( t t ) j k j k k= 1 j= k+ 1 j k = 1+ j k 2= 2+ { s nn 1 2n1 n2 τ =, n1= 或 n2= ( x x ), n n 1 ( t t ), n n 1 k /,, x t α.5.1τ < 3 t α 3.1 1a 7 mm 1 mm ~7 mm 1~ mm 1~1 mm 1 mm 5 4 5 4 a.1 to 1 1 to 1 1 to to 7 7 to 135 b.1 to 1 1 to 1 1 to to to 4 4 to 45.4 8 9 1 11 1 1 8 9 1 11 1 1 1 amm b N E 1b 4% %~4% %~% 1%~% 1%
3 235 1% 1a 1b 3.2 () 1 1 mm23 4 9.2 mm 8 8 mm 4 mm 12 1 mm 3.3 2 (5 mm,) 2a 88~1135 mm 8~1135 mm 4~8 mm 88~1 mm 2b % 1% a 88 to to 4 4 to 8 8 to 1135 b to 1 1 to to 5 5 to 6 c to 1 1 to to 5 5 to 8 8 to 1 2 a b% c% 1 1 mm, 2c % % c
236 24 8% %~5% [12] [13] 3.4 3.4.1 3 1957~4 3. km 3 /yr.1 199 196 197 1985 1994 1985 1994 1957 196 197 ~198 199 t.55.99 19619731985 1994 198319983 4 7~9 5 hpa 4 4a 4b 台风体积降水 (km 3 ) 8 台风体积降水 影响台风频数 6 4 1 1957 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2 年 3 影响台风频数 4 a b 7~9 ab5 hpa gpm
3 237 Niño3.41 Niño3 SST SST 3.4.2 1957~4 5 5 mm/yr.5 mm/yr 5 4-15 to -1-1 to -5-5 to.1 to 4.3 8 9 1 11 1 1 5 1957~4 mm/yr.95 1 3.4.3 6.95 3 196 197 196 197 ~198 199 19941985 4834421983 72.94 6 5 4 1 1957 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2 年 6 4 (1) (2) 4~12 8 (3) 1957~4
238 24 (4) (5) 5 [1]. [M]., 19791-3. [2]. [J]. 1997164: 42-49. [3]. [J]. 3, 19(): 152-159. [4]. [J]. 1995312: 31-319. [5]. [J]. 5213: 1-8. [6]. ENSO [J]. 1997141: 25-36. [7] RODGERS E BADLER R FPIERCE H F. Contribution of Tropical Cyclones to the North Atlantic Climatological Rainfall as Observed from Satellites.Journal of Applied Meteorology[J]. Appl Meteorol, 1, 411: 1 785-1 8. [8] GLEASON B, EASTERLING D R. [J]. 1173: 8-313. [9]. [J]. 63236-1. [1] REN F MWANG Y MWANG X Let al. Estimating Tropical Cyclone precipitation from station observations[j]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences72447-711. [11] REN F MGLEASON B, EASTERLING D R. Typhoon impacts on China s precipitation during 19571996[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 219(5): 943-952. [12]. 5 19491996[J]. 1999151: 1-16. [13]. [J]. 42: 219-224. CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPHOON PRECIPITATION OVER CHINA WANG Yong-mei 1, REN Fu-min 2, LI Wei-jing 2, WANG Xiao-ling 2 (1. Yuncheng Weather Bureau, Yuncheng 44, China; 2. National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 181, China Abstract:The spatio-temporal characteristics of typhoon precipitation over China were analyzed in this paper. Results show that typhoon precipitation covers most of central-eastern China. Typhoon precipitation gradually decreases from the southeastern coastal regions to the northwestern mainland. The maximum annual typhoon precipitation exceeds 7mm in central-eastern Taiwan and locations of Hainan, while the minimum annual typhoon precipitation occur in parts of Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Sichuan, with values less than 1mm. Generally, typhoons produce precipitation over China during April-December, with maximum amount appearing in August. The annual typhoon precipitation time series for stations were examined for the long-term trends. Results show that decreasing trends exist in most of the stations and are statistically significant in parts of Taiwan, Hainan, the southeastern coastal regions and the southern Northeast. Typhoon torrential rain is one of the extreme rainfall events in the southeastern coastal regions and parts of central mainland. In these regions, torrential rains are mostly caused by typhoons. Key words: typhoon precipitation;long-term trends;typhoon torrential rain