1
2
,,, 1. :,,,,, 1 1028,,, 2. :,,,,,,,,,,, 3. :,,,,,,,, 3
4,,,,, 1. :,,,,,,,,,,, 2. :,, ;,, 3. :, ;, ; ;,, ; 4. :,
,, ;,,, 5. :,,,,,,, 6. :,,, 7., :,,,,,,,,,, 8. :, ( ),,,,, 5
6,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,
,,, 1. :,,, ; ;,,,,,, 2. :,, ( ),, 3. :,,, 4. :,,,, 5. :,,, 7
( ) ( ), ( ), 6. :,, ( ) ; :,,,, 8 7. :,,, K3, 8. :,, 9. :,, (2 ), ( ),,,,
: ( 3 ) ( 2 ) : B ( 3 ) ( 2 ) A () (212 ),,,,, ; 3 : (3 ) ( 6 ) ( 6 ) : ( ) ( 6 ) 9
10 1. :,, 12, 12,,,,, 25 2. A: A, A, A, A A,,,, 3. :,,,,,,,,, 4. :,,,,,,, :, ;,
,, 5. :,,,,,,,,,,, ( APC ),,, 6. C : C, 7. :, 8. : ( ), ; 9. :,,, 10. :,,,,,, ; 11
12,,, 11. : (1), (2),, (3),, (4),,, 12. : (1),,,,,, (2),,, (3),, (4), (5) D,, (6),,, (7), 1. :, 1 1/ 24
16 1/ 241/ 12 6 1 1/ 121/ 8 12 1/ 81/ 6 24 1/ 61/ 4 47 1/ 41/ 3 711 1/ 31/ 2 1114 1/ 22/ 3 1418 3/ 4 : 18 60 2. : ( ) : 16 = 3000 + 600 712 = 3600 + 500 1 ( ) = 2 + 8 () = ( ) (), + 0.1 3. : : < 30 ( ) = ( ) 0.035 > 30 ( ) = [ ( ) - 30] 0.02 + 1.05 () = () (),, 13
14, : 1., 2., ;, 3. :,,,,, G,,, 1. :,,,,,, 2. :,,, 50100 / ;, 150200 /,,
3. :,,,, 4. :,,,,, 1. ( ), C,,, 2.,,,, 3. D,,,,, 4. A,,,,, 5., D,,, 6.,,, 7.,,, 15
16,,,,,?,,,,, ; ; ; ; ; ; 3060,,,, 1. :, 2. :,,,
3. :, 4. :, 5. :, 6. : 7. :,,,, 1. : ( ),,, 2.,,,,,,, 3.,,,,, 17
18,,, 4. 5 5. ( ),,,, 6,,,, 6.,,,,,, : 1., :,,,,,,,,,,,, 3, 2., :, ;, A D,,
3., :, 4, 1.,, 2.,,,, 3., :, ;, ;, ;, 4.,,,,,, 5. :,,, 6. : 68 12 1,, 7.,,, 8.,, 19
20,,,,,,,, ;, 1.,,,,, 2. :, 35 / ; 23 / 3. :,, 25% 50% 2040 ( 5 ),, 4.,,, 4,, 10% C
,,,, : 1. :,,,,,,,,, 2. :,, ;, ;, ;, 3. :,,,,, : 21
22 1.,, 2.,,,, 3.,,,,,, 1%, 0.05%,,, 10, ;,,, 1. :,,,,,,, 2. :,,,,,, 12 3. :,,
,, 4. :,,,,,,,,,, 5. :, ; ;,,,,,, 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 23
24,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,, 2% 5% 1. :,, 10%,, 7,
2. :, 3. : 4. :, ; 5. :,, ;, 6. :, 7. : 8. : : 1.,, 2.,,,, 25
26 3., ;,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,, 2,, ;, 15,,,,, 1,,,,,,,,, 27
28,,, 1.,,, 2., 3.,,,, 4.,,, 5.,,,, 6.,, 7.,,, 8.,,
,, 9.,, 5 -,, 10.,,,,, :, 1, 15,, 15 1 ;, 1/ 2 1/ 3,,, ; 1, 1/ 31/ 2, 1, 1/ 23/ 4,,, 13 1/ 3, 37 1/ 31/ 2, 714 1/ 2,,,,, 29
30,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 30, 1.,,,,, 2.,,,, 3.,,,
,, 4.,,,,, 5.,,,,,,,, K,,,,,,, B1, B1,,,, 6 -,, K,, 31
,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 1. : 23, ( ) ( ),,, 2. : 34,,,, 32 3. : ( ),, 4., 5. : 75% ( ) ( )2% ( ) ( )
6. :, D,, 7., ;, 8.,,,,,, ( ) 33
34,, ;, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :
B12 35
36,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; D,,,,
37
38
3637, 37, 37.538, 39, (1),,,, (2 ),, 3940,,, (3),,,,,,,, (1) : 39,, 1 (2) :,, 40, 38, 1 (3) :, 39,, 39
40,, (4) :,, (5) : 37.538 2, (1) : (2) :, ;,,,, (3) :,,, ;,,,, ;,, ;, (4) :,,, ;,,,,,,,, 1020,,,, (5) :
,, ;,, (6) :,,,, (1) :,,,,,,,,, (2) ( ) :,,,,,, 60% 80%, (3) :,,, 3840,,, 12, (4) : 41
42,,,,,,, 1. : (1) :, (2) :,, (3) : 2. : (1) : (2) : (3) :,, 3. : (1) :,,, (2) :,
4. : (1) : (2) : (3) : 5. : (1) : (2) :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 43
,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, 1,,,, ;, 44, ;,,,,,
,, ;, ;,,,, ;,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, :,, ;,, 45
46 1. :,, 2. :,,, ;,,,,, (, ), ( ) ( ),,,, 27,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3,,,, 47
48,,, (1) :, (2) :, (3) :, ; ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, (1),,, ( ),,,, (2), 49
50,,, (3),,,,, ;,,,, 95%,,, ( 2 ),,,,,, 3,,,,, 1020,,
,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, ( ) :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,, 51
,, 10, ;,, ;,,, 10,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 52 1. 2., ( ), 3. ( ),,
4.,,,, 5. 100,,, 1/ 5, 6.,,, 7.,,,,,,, 4 : ( ), :,,,,,,,,,, 53
,,,,, ( ),,,,, ;, 54,,,,
,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, : 26 K,, 55
,,,, 56,, ( ), :,,,, ( ),, :
,,,,,,, (1), (2),, (3),,,,, 57
,,,,,,,,,,,, 12, 58,,,, ;, (
) (,, ),,,,, C, 59
60,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1) :,,,,,,,,,,,, (2) :,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 23,,,,,, ;,, 61
62,,,, 410,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 /
,,,,,,,, 23, 1,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, 24,, 2 ( 2500 ), 4,,,,,,,, 63
64, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; ;, ;,,, ;, ;,, ;, ;,,,,,
,,, ; (, ),,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 65
1. : (1) : ;, B6 (2) : (3) :, ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 66 2. : (1) (2) (3) (4) (5), 3. : (1),
(2), (3), (4) (5) 4., : 1. :,, (1) :,, (2) :, ; (3) : ; ( 37 42 ) ;, (4) :,,, (5) : 2. : 67
68,,,,, (1) :, ;, ;, (2) : 3 34, 8, 2 3, 2 2 3 4 1.5, 4 10, 1.5,, ;,, ;, (3),, ;, (4),,,, (5),,,, 3. :, ( ),
4. :,,,, X CT 5. :,,,, (, ) ( ),,, ( ),, 1.,,, 2.,,,, 3., 4., 1620 69
70,, 5.,,,,,, ;, 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6 3, 3940,, 1,,, 45,,,,,,
,, ; ;,,,,, 71
72
73
74
,, 85 /, 103 /, 308342 /, 137205 /,,,, ;,, ;,, 1. : : 23, 46, 2 :, : 204 / ( 75
76 25.5 / ) 2. : : 24,,, 2 :, : 204 / 1. : 4060 5% 4060, 1 2. : 12, 2, 3. : 35, 3, 1. :,, 2. : (1) : (2) :, ( K3 ) (3) :, 204 /, 2448, 425475,
,, (4) :,,, 12 /, (5) :,, 58 /,, (6) :,,,, 12, 1 /, 25, 12 (7) :, 10% 3, 5 ; 125250, 3 (8) D - : 400 /, (9) :,, 1. 15, ( ) 1, 5,, 1 2. 15, 15, () 6, 3 77
, 1, 80100, 35 3. 1015, 68, 68, 1, 80100, 1. 30,, 60,, 78 2. 15, 60, 3. 500, 3, 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,, 12,,,,,,,,,,,, 23 1. : 0.3, 3, 2. : 2,, 2 48 5%, 12 79
80 1. :,,,,,, 4050 /, 3060 /,, 34 2. :,,,,, 1. 3, 8, 6, 4,, 34, 1 2. 9, 1, ( ) 10, 1, 1,, 1,,,
3. 500, 40, 20, 23,, 2325,, 36.5 50%,,,,,,,, 3, B ; 3,, 81
82,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. :, 2. :,, 100 20, 3.C : C 15 /, 4. : 1. : 24, 2 3 2. : 1020 10% 20, 12, 57,
3. : 1/ 3, 3, 4. : 2.5, 34, 5. : 1. :, 14,, 2, 23 34,,,, 4,, 3, 2. :,, 3. : 4. : ; ; ; DIC 5. :, I/ T ( ) 0.8,, 83
6, 3, ( ) 0.5, 60,, 2, 3,,,,, 84,,,,,,,,,
314, 1 2,, 1. :,, 2. :,,, 23 1. :,,, 3% 2%, 2. :,,, 2 3 1 5000 1, 30005000 3. : : 0.3 /, 36 1, 0.51 /,,, 85
1520 /, 35 /, 2, 10% 0.5 /,,, 10 20 /,, B6,,, 100 4. : (1) :, 20 30 /, 3, 10 (2) :, 15 /, 7, 15 /, 23, 7 > 7, 22.5 /, 1. 3060,, 2. ( ),,, 1, 3. 7, 7, 4,, 30,,, 1 86,,,,,
,,,, 1,,,, :,,,,,, 1. :,, 2. :, 3. : 87
88 4. : 5. X : 1. : 2, 10% 20, 1, 715 1 2. : 610 /, 20, 10% 80100,, 1, 10 1 1. : ( > 30) 30, 3034, 612 ( < 30), 12 ( 34), 1, 1224 2. : 50 /, 100120 /, 60 80 /, 3. : 4. : DIC
1. 12, 6, 15, 15, 15, 15, 30, 30,, 50%,,, 2. 20, 20, 20, 20, 30, 30, 15, 15, 40, 40,,,,, 1 37 45 1, 3. 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 5, 1,,,,,,, 89
90,,, 37,,,,,,,,,, 1. :, 2. :, 3% 75%,,, 10%
1. 5, 5,, 3 2. 15, 3,,, 1 3. 10,,,,,,,,,,,,, 75%, 46,,, 91
92,,,, 1,,,,,,,,, 1. :,,,,,, 34 2. :,,,,, 3. :,,,,, 1. :, 2. : 35 3. :
, 4 23, 3 1. :,,,,,,,,,, : : 2. :,,,,,,,,, : : 3. :,,,,,,,,,,,, : :,, 24, 19 4 /, 9 0.2, 2 1 2 3, 5 93
10 /, 23, 1015 /, 2 35,,, 1. (1 200, 1 100 ),,, 500, 50, 4, 1,,, 2. 60,,,, 34 3. 10, 10, 15,, 12 1. 50, 7, 6,, 94 2. 6, 30, 3, 10,, 1, 3 3. 9 (15 ), 9, 1, 35
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 90%,, 15, 23 5 (, 10 ),,,,, 3 1. : 4 : (1) : 1014, 95
(2) :, 34,,, 39,, 23, 90% 0.51,,, 12,, (3) : 34,, 24,, 3, 14,,,,,, 4040.5,,, 96 (4) : 34,,,,,,, 12 1014 2. : 40,,,,, 3. :, 39, 7,,, 12, 12
,,,,,,,,, 1. : ( 2 1 ) 2. :, 3.,, 4. :, 5. :, 4,, 3 1. :,,,,, :, : 97
98 2. :,,,,,, :,, : 3. :,,,,,,, :, : 1. :, (1),,, (2) (3) 2. : (1) :, (2) :,, 1 /, 0.2 /, 1. 15, 15, 10, 10
, 5, 3, 5,, 1 2. 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 6, 6, 10, 10, 10, 12, 2,, 1 3. 6, 5, 9, 5, 5, 5, 3, 3, 1, 1. 30, 10,,,, 2. 30, 5, 6, 1, 20,,, 1 3, 1 3. 100, 60, 60,,, 500,,,, 1820,,,,,,, 20 6,,, 10 99
100,,,,,, : (1) :,,, 3, (2) :,,,, (3) :,, 3%, 12, 3 (4) : 2%,, 3% :,,,,,,,,
,,,,, 30%, 1618,,, 1/ 21,,, 24,,,,, 2,,, 25,,,,,, 34 1. :,, 2. : 101
102 IgM,, 2 1. :,,,,,,,,,,, : : 2. :,,,,,,,, : :,, 1. 15, 10, 6, 3,, 2. 10, 3, 30, 10, 3. 50, 30,,,
1., 30,,,,,, 12 1 2. 15, 30,, 100, 3, 3 3. 10, 50,,,, 23, 5, 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 103
104, 34,,,,,, 6 2,,, 3940, 34,,,,,,,,,,, 23,,,,, 12,,,,,,
,,, : 2436,, 70% 90%,,, 1. :,,,,,, : : 2. :,,,,, :, :,,,,, 3. :,,,,,,,, : : 105
106, 38.5, 1015 /,,, 58 /, 1. 10, 6,, 2, 1 2. 50, 20,, 1, 1 3,, 3. 10, 5, 3, 12, 10, 3, 3,, 36 0.20.3, 612 0.30.5, 12 0.51, 3 1. 90 ( 30 ), 4,,,,, 1 2. 500, 10,, 200,, 3. 3, 50,,,,,,, 20,
,, 10,,,,,,,, -,, 90% 10, 69,,, 12,,, 2, 1. : 39, 40, 15 107
108 2. :, 12,,,,,,, (, ) 35,, 1,,, ) 2 (, 3., 4.,,,,, 1. :, 2. : 34 3. : 4, 2 1. ( ) :,,,,,,,,,,, :, : 2. ( ) :,,
,,,,,,,,,, :, :, 1020 /, 4 1 B120.050.1 /,, 5% 5%, 1. 30, 15, 9, 6, 1, 2 200250, 3 200, 3 250 2. ( ) ( ) 6 10, 1015, 50100, 23, 3. 69, 36, ( ) 34.5, 1, 2 109
1. 100, 3,, 500 2,,,,, 1 2 2. 10, 6, 60,, 3. 500, 500, 500, 500,,,, 20, 3 5 110,,,,,,, 23,,,,,,,
,, 13,,,, 1.,, 2.,,,,, 23,,,,,, 3940 3.,,,, 4., 57, 12, 23, ;,,, 3 1. :,,,,,,,,, 111
112 :, : 2. :,,,,,,,,,, :, : 3. :,,,,,,,,,,,,, : :,,, 2%, 2% 4%,, 1. 5, 5, 2, 3,, 2, 1 2. 60, 30, 2.1, 6, 3,,,
45 3. 18, 6, 6, 6, 1,, 2 1. 1,,,,,, 5,,,,, 34 2. 120, 120, 1000 30, 100, 3. 30, 10, 10, 5,,,,,,,,,,, 113
114,,,, 85% 15 7 9,, 30% 40%,,,,,, 710, 23,,,,, ;, ;,, ; ( ) ;, 1. :, 10%,,, 2. :,,, 37
3. :,,,,, 10, 30% 40%, 4. :,,, 5. :, 1. :,, 2. : 90%,, 2,, 3. : 4. :, 2 1. :,,,, :, : 115
116 2. :,,,,,,, :,, : 1. :,, 2. :, 3. :,, G, 80, 2,, 0.51,, 2, 510 4.,,, ;, 0.25% 20 0.5% 1% 1520, 1. 30 ( 15 ), 300, 150, 50, 3, 2.,,,, 34, 24 1
3. 10, 3,, 1 1. 30, 20,,,, 20, 3 2. 15,, 1, 1 3. 60,, 23, 20,, 12,,,,,,,,,, 23,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 117
118,, 5,,,,,,,,,, 1. :,,,,,,,,,,,,
2. :,,,,,,,,,,, 1,,,, 3. : (1) : 10,,,,,,, 36 (2) : 10,,,, (3) :, 1. : (1) : (ALT/ GPT) (2) (T. T. T) (3) (4),, 119
(5) 2. : (1) : (2) : : HBsAg ( ) ; HBVDNA ( ) ; HBVDNA HBeAg ( e ) ; HBcAb ( ),, HBsAg 6,,, (3) :,,,, (4) :, HDAg ( ) HDVRNA ( ) (5) :,, 120, 4 1. :,,,,,,,,
, : : 2. :,,,,,,,,, :, : 3. :,,,,,,, : : 4. :,,,,,, :, : 1. : (1) :,, (2) : : B C, 121
B6, K : 25, :,,, 10%, C 13 2. :, 3. :,,,, 4. :, Q10, 122 5. :,,, 1. 30, 30, 20, 10,, 1 2. 20, 10, 10,, 1 3. 600,,, 5, 2, 2 1
1. 6, 500,,, 1, 2. 60, 100,, 23,, 1, 3. 3045,, 200, 100,, 100, 600,,,, 23, 710 1,,,,,, 30,,, 0.5% 2,, ( ),,,, 30, 30, ; 1000 510,, 2 30, 6,,,,,, 123
,, 1,,,,,, ; ;,, ;,,, 124,,,, 2,, 2 1,,,,,, 35 1,
, 34 34,,,,, 90%,, 1%,,, 335, 514, : 1. :, 14 2. : 16 (),,,,, 3. : 27,, : (1) :,,,,,, (2) ( ) :,,,, (3) :, 125
126 (4) : 4. :,,,, 6, 1 5. :,,,,,, ;, 1. :,,,,,, ( 50500 ) 10 6 /,,,,,, 2. : 1,,, 3 3. :, 23, ;, 1, 4,
1. : 1, 12, 2. : 3, 2 ; 26 1.5, 2, 2 3. : 4.5, 2 ; 26 3, 2 ; 2 4. :, 1, 2 ; 2 1/ 2, 2 5. : 3 1/ 4, 46 1/ 2, 6 1, 2, 710 1, 12 6. :, 34, 0.51, 12, 46, :,,, 1. : (1) : 1, 2,, 127
128 (2) : ; 1530, 24 1,,,, 2. : (1) :,,, 90, (2) :,, (3) :, : 1 1, 23 2, 47 3, 812 4, 12 5, 1 ;, 0.050.1 /,, (4) : : ( 2025 ),,, 2,, :, ;, 3. :,, 4. : 5,,
1. 15, 15,, 2, 1 2. 30, 30, 30,, 2, 1 3. 9, 12, 12, 1,,, 9, 1, 1. 15, 15,, 1 2. 1, 50,,,,,,, 1 3. 10, 10, 2, 1,,,, 1, :,, ;, 90,,, 90,,, 129
130,,,, 2, 3, 28, 1, 4 1 40,,,, 68, 79 10, 26, (,, ),, 1100012000 1014, : 1. : 34,,, 2,
2. : 410,,, 3. :, 10,,,, 2, 612,, 30%, 1. : 39,,, 1, 2. : 3940,,,, 714,, 3. : 40,,, 24,, 4. :, 12 4041,,,,, 131
132 1. :, ( 1030) 10 9 / 70% 90% 2. :,, (50500) 10 6 /, 25,,, 12 3. : (1) : 35 ( 1 ) 4 12, 14 (2) :, 4 1160, 1320 (3) ( IgM) : 4, 2, 3 1. :,,,,,,,,, : : 2. :,,,,,,,,
:, : 3. :,,,,,,, :, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. :,,,, 0.51.0 /, 46 1, 2. :, 0.10.3 /, 10% 3. : (1),,,,, 133
134 (2) : 20% 1.02.0 / ; 1 /, 46 1, 35, (3) : 5 /, 0.30.5 /, 57 4. :, 1. 20, 30, 15, 500, 20,, 15,,, 3, 1, 5 2. 120, 60, 40, 500, 250, 3 3. (, ),, 100 50,, 2, 100200, 30 1 1. 10, 20,, 4,, 1 2. 30, 10, 5, 20, 3,, 1 3. 30, 10,,, 1, 5
,,,, 30, 24 1,,,,,,,,,,,,, : (1) : 1 1, 710, 2 1 1, 80% 90% (2) : ( ) (3), 135
136, : ;, ;, ;,, 10, 121, 3 1. : 546, 714 1 3, 2., 5, (1) :,,, 12 3940,, 36, ( ),,, (2) : 37
,,, (3) : 48,,,,, (4) : 3,, (5) : 1,,,,, 13 1. 2.,, 3. :, 4. :,, 1. : 10, 3, 10 1 2. : 20, 10, 3 137
3. : 2, 3 4. : 9, 3 1. :, 1015 /, 35 2. :, 26 /, 1, 35 3., 1. 30, 15, 300 2, 7080, 30, 1, 2 2. 3060, 200300,, 35, 138 3. 400,, 1. 15, 15, 45,, 2,,,, 2 2. 30, 10, 10, 5, 100,, 4,,,
3. 5, 50, 15, 10, 30, 30,,,,,,,,,,, 13,,,,,,, 3,,,,,, 139
,,, 12, 34, 5, 6 23 : 1. :,,, 2. :,, :,, 12 3. :,,, 4. :, 25,,, 13 140,,,, 24, 1. 2. 3. : (1) :,,, 80%,,
(2) (3), 4 1. :,,,,, :, : 2. :,,,,,, : : 3. :,,,,,,,, :, : 4. :,,,,,,,, : : 141
142 1. :,, 20% 12 / 2. : (1) :, 4, 2, 2 ; 5060 /, 2, 57 1,, 48,, (2) : 15 20 /, 20 40 /,, 57 4 (3) : 2080 /, 100 /,, 1, 57 3. :, 4. :,, 1. 5 (15 ),, 1, 3 2. 6, 6, 3, 9, 3,, 12 0.51, 25
11.5, 3 3. 30, 30, 30, 30, 15,, 1 1. 6 ( ),,, 50,,,,, 12 2. 6, 250,, 30,, 3. 60, 30,,,,, 3, 7 7 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 510 ) 12,,, 1, 36,, 143
144 :, 1011, EB,,,,,, 12,,, 1. :, 3840,,, 2. :,,, 3. : 80%,,, 4. : 70%, 1,,,,
5. :, 410, 90% 1. :,, 10% 90%,,,,, 2. EB :, : (1) VCA-IgM 110 (2) VCA-IgG 1320 (3) EA-IgG 110 (4) EBNA 3. : 140, 180 5, 23, 25 10%, 5 1. : 515 1020 10% 250 2. : 5, 13, 3 3. : 1,, 23 4. :, 1 2 145
146 1. : 1015 /, 2, 57 ; 510 /, 10% 100, 57 ; - 100 10% 100, 57 2. :,,,,,, 400 /, 5, ( 95% ) 1. 30, 12, 30, 12, 20, 6,, 1 2. 12, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 6,, 1 3. 9, 30, 9, 9, 12, 9, 9, 60,, 1 1. 10, 10,, 1 2. 5, 8,, 1 3. 20 50,,
100, 200, 300 50,,,,, 3 23,,,,,,,,,,,,, 23,, 12 6,, 2.5,,, 10 147
148,, 714 ( 321 ), 68, 3 : 1. :, 12,,, 23,,,, 2. : 24,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
3. : 12,,,, 1. :, 2. :,,, ; ; 3. : 4. : 1. : 1, ( 2050 ) 10 9 /, 60%, 90%, 2. : PCR DNA, 3. :,, 3 149
150 1. :,,,,,,, : : 2. :,,,,,,,, :, : 3. :,, : : : : 1. :, 30 /, 4, 710 4, 14 (), 100 / ;, 510 /, 2, 710 1, 2. :,
, ( ) 0.1 /, 3,, 5% 1. 60,, 100,, 510, 3 2. 200300, 2,, 100150, 3, 1, 7 1 3. 9, 15, 15, 150, 3, 1, 7 1. 1, 3,,,, 1, 35 2. 50, 15,,,,,, 1015, 3 3. 15, 1.5, 15, 30,,, 1,,,,,, 151
152,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 23,, 40, 30,, 10% 20%,
6, 1, 15,,,,, 1., 2. :,,,, 3., 4. :,, 5. :, 2, 6,,,,, 153
, ; ; 1., 2., 1. : 510, 23 2. :, 23 3. :, 23 4. : 60 /, 10%, 1.2%, 1 5. : 312, 3 1. : 2 4, 1 2, 4 8, 72 8 12 3060, 154 2. : 40 80, 8 1, 3050 /, 34, 10 3. :,
CATP ;, 1. 3, 1.2, 1 ( ),, 67,, 2. 10, 15, 23 6 1, 3. 3, 0.6, 5,, 100, 3 1. 5, 6, 6,,, 2. 10, 12, 20,, 3. 10, 3, 1 ( ),,,, 2, 7,,,, 23, 46, 155
156 12,,, B C,,, A,,, ABC,,,, 17, 24, 39, 40,,,,, 2, 24,
,,,,,,, 48,,, 34, 1,,,,, 23,,,,,,, 1. :,, 23 2. :, 90% 3. :,,,,, 4. :,,, 5. :, 157
158 1. ( 1020) 10 9 / 75%,,, 5% 10% 2.,,, 3. 4. : O > 1400,,,,,, 3 1. :,,,,,, : : 2. :,,,,,,, : : 3. :,,
,,, : : 1. :, 3 5 / 2, 710, 2. :, G, ;, 1. 60, 120,, 10 1, 3 3, 310 2 2.,,, 3. 10, 15, 9, 12, 6,, 2, 1 1. 10, 6, 15, 12, 60, 4 5,,,, 1 2. 15, 10,,, 159
160, 1 3. 10, 50, 3,, 1, 35, 6,,,,,,, 34,, 1, ; 3, : 23,,,,,,,,,
,,,,, 12 1. ( ) :, 39,,,,,, 1020, 2030, ( ),, 57, 12 2. :,,,, 3. : 27,,,,, 2,,,,,, 1. : 2. :, 3. :, 161
162,, 1. :,,,,,,, :, : 2. :,,,,,,,,, ;,, :, :, 3. :,,,, ;,,,,, :, : 1. :,, 810 /, 1020 /, 23 ; 2 25, 25 50, 512 100, 2, 1015 /, 24
57,,, 2. :, 654-2,, 20% 25%, 12 /,, 1, 68 3. :,, 7 4,,, 7 1 1. 9, 9, 5 ( ),, 2, 1 2. 150200 ( 3050 ), 400600, 300, 34 3. 60, 10,, 12,,, 1 1., 30,, 30,, 2. 100, 2,,,,,,, 1 1 3. 30, 50, 50, 30,, 163
164,, 2,,,,,, 5%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
( ),,,,,,, 714,, 57 3940,,,, ( ),, 23,,,,,,,,,, 165
166 1. : ( 35 ) 10 9 /,, 2. : (1) : 12 (2) :, (3) : 34 (4) : 3. : 710, 34, 46 O 180,H 1160, 1. : 1/ 2, 2,,,, 2. : 0.05 /, 46, 3. : 36, 2,, 4. : 36, 2, 5. : 1/ 2, 2,, 1. :,,
, 2. : (1) : 3050 / ( 1.5 ) 4, 710, (2) : 100 /,, (3) : 2080 /,, 3. : (1) :,,,,,,, (2) :,,, 1. 30, 15, 10,, 35 2. 15, 15, 30, 10, 30, 45,, 1 3. 50, 50, 12, 12,, 1 167
168 1. 10, 30, 2.,, 1,,, 3. 6, 15, 30,,,,,,,,,,,, 2, 15 ; 2 ;,,, 4,,, 23,,, 1
,,,,,,,,,,, 1. :, ;,, 2. :,,,,,,,,,,, 169
170,,,, 1.,, 2. 3. 1. : 0.20.3, 2, 1 2. : 1, 2, 1., 15%, 23 2., C B12, 3. :, 500, 10 /, 1,, 3 400, 1, 10 1 1. 15, 250, 60,,, 5 1
2. ( ) 9, 3, 500,, 300, 2 9, 5 1 3. 1520, 10 1, 10 1520, 3 1. 90150,, 2. 1530, 500, 120, 1, 1 3. 250 ( 150 ), 50, 6 250, 150, 1, 50, 7 1, 3,,,,,,,,,, ;,, 171
172,,,, 6,,,,,,,,,,,, 35, 100%,
1. : 9, 2, 2. : 9, 1,, 4, 3. :, 5, 10, 3 15 4. : 36, 2 1. :,, 57.5, 1, 7 1, 2 1, 12 2. :,,,, 3. () : 46, ; 200, 100, 2, 3,,,, 4. : 5 /, 1, 7 5. : 1% 5% 1% 0.5% 1% 3%,, 10 173
174 6. :,, 2% 1%, ( 0.2% 3% ), 1. 30, 610,,,,,,, 36 2., 1,, 10, 25 1 3. 10,,, 3 1. 120,,, 2, 1, 7 2. 120,, 1, 1 3. 5, 1,,,, 1.53, 3 1,,,,,,,,
,,,,, 2030,,,,,,,,, 1., 1,,,,,,, 12 2.,,,,, 175
3.,, 4.,,,,,,,, 1. : 3 3, 2 2. : 1, 2 3. : 1.53, 2 4. : 12 0.5, 36 1, 2 176 5. : 1, 1,, 2 6. : 2, 23 1. :
(1) ( ) : 2 400, 1 (2 ) : 33.5, 100150 /, 2, 2 (3) : 500, 10 /, 1, 2. : (1) :,,,,, (2) :,, 1. 30,,, 1 2. 250, 45,, 1.2, 1,,, 20, 1 1, 3. 60,, 60, 14 3040, 56 50, 713 5060, 23,, 13 177
178 1.,,,, 4050, 30 2., 3060, 3. 10, 6, 3,, 2, 1, 23 12,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, ;,,, ;,,
( ) ( ),,,,,,,,, 1. : 3 2.,,,, 3.,,,, 4.,,, ;,, 179
180 1. : 9, 2, 2. : 1, 23, 3. : 1.5, 4.5 /, 1, 1.5 1. :, 1530 /, 15 /,, 24,,, 2. :, 20 /, 3, 3, 120180 /,, 1. 10, 7.5, 400, 20, 15, 100, 1
1 15 2. 30,, 2, 4, 510 4 3. 100, 75, 12,, 1, 3, 2 1, 1 10 1. 5090,, 80 ( ) 500 1, 200, 2, 50% 60 3 2. 30,, 1, 1 3. 1000 ( 250, ),, 3, 10, 60 1, 1,,,,,,,,,,,, 34,, 181
182,,,, 12.5,,,,,,,,,, 1. :,, : (1) :,, 3840, 23
, (2) :,, (3) : 3840, 12,, 2. : (1) :,,, ;,,, ;, ;,, (2) : 1012,, 3. :, 12, 1. : 3, 2. :, 3. X :,, X 4. : 183
184 5. :, 3 1. :,,,,,,,,,,, : : 2. :,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, : 3. :,,,,,,,,,,, :, : 1. : X,, 1015 /, 612
2. : X,,, 12 ; 2030 /, 13 ; 10 /, 36 3. : X,,,,,, 1520 /, 1224 ;, 34 ;, 69 ; 1525 /, 69 ; 200 /, 69 1. 1, 60, 120,,,, 46, 1, 2. 500, 500, 500, 500, 150, ( ) 50,,,, 3050, 3, 3. 500 ( ), 100, 100, 100, 50,,, 12, 3, 3 185
186 1. 69 ( ), 15, 25, 2, 1520 2. 12, 30,,,, 2, 15 20 3. 50 ( 25 ), 10, 1,, 1000 1, 2, 1,,,, 10,,,,,,,,, 15, 15,,,,,
( ),, 3 : 1. :,,, 2. :,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,, 187
188, 3 : : 10% 25%,,,, 0.8, : 25% 40%,, 0.4,,,,,,,,,, : 40%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. : 35 /, 25 / 2. :,,,, 3. : 4. X : 5.OT, C4
3 1. :,,,,,,,,,, : : 2. :,,,,,,,, :, : 3. :,,,,, :, : 1. :, ;,, 2. : ; ;, ;,, 0.51 /, 12, 23, 189
190,, 1, 23, 2030, 12 1 3. :,, 1. 6, 9,,,,, 1, 24 2. 15,, 500, 30,,, 30, 3 3. 9,,, 1.53,, 36 1. 1,,, 0.60.9,, 3 2. 915, 30,,, 2000 700,, 1, 45 3. 3060, 30,,, : (1), (2),,,
, (3), (4),, (5) (6),,,,,,,,,,, 10 20 /, 23 ;,,,,,, ;, 191
192 20%, (20% 29% ), ( 30% 39% ), ( 40% 59% ), ( > 60% ) 212 ( ) : ( ) = 2 + 7 ( 8 ) ( ) = 5 + 80 1. : 5 7.5, 1 9.5,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 14,
17 17 4 1. :,,,,,,, : : 2. :,,,,,,, : : 3. :,,,, : : 4. :,,,, : :,,, ( ) 193
194 1. :,,, 2060 /, 23, 30 2. :,, 40120 /, 23 1. 5,, 2.,, 3, 23 3. 30, 20, 10,, 2, 1 1. 10, 10,,,,,,, 2. 50, 10,,,,,, 3. 3, 6, 3, 3, 3, 3 :,,,,,,,,,
, :,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, A A A,, : :, 195
196 A A : A, ( ), A : A, A,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, () 1. 2. A ( 2050 /, 30225 / ) 3. 3 /,, 2 1. :,,,,,,
,,,,, : : 2. :,,,,,,,,, :, :,, A A : A, 1, A 5, 3 5, 2.5,, 23,, 12,, A,, :, 11.5 197
198 1. 9, 6, 3, 1 2. 6090, 1215,, 1, 12 3. 15, 100,, 1 1. 100, 90, ( A), 1, 10 2. ( ) 100, 15,,,, 20,,, 1 3. 1, 15, 15,,,,, 1, 20, ( ) A, A, A,, A,,,,
,, A, A,,,,,,,,,, A, A, A,, B 1 B 1,,,,,,,,,,, 3 : 1. :,,, 199
200,, 2. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3. :,,,,, 1. :,, B1 5 1, 200, 4, 100, 50 2. : B1 20, 30 60 B1 B1, 3 B1, B1, B1 B1, B1 3. : 4. : 5. : B1
2 1., :,,,,,,,, : : 2. :,,,,,,,,,, : : 1. B1 : B1, 1 10, 1, 2 35, 15 50,, 24, B1,, 2. : ( ) 50100,, 3 1, 2 3, 1 3. :, 201
202 5%,, 1. 50, ( ) 50, 50, 50, 10,, 1 2. 120, 5, 60,, 1, 57 1. 100, 5, 50,, 1 2. 120, 5, 50100,, 1, 5 3. 90, 60,,, 1, 1520,,,,, B1,,, ( ),,,,,,,
B 2,,,,, ; ; 1. :,,,,,, 2. :,, 3. :,,,, 4. :, B2, 24 B2 203
204 1. : 9, 3, 2. : 9, 3, 3. : 9, 3,, 0.6, 12, 5, 23, 2, 510, B, 2% E 1. 10, 10, 10, 15, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 10, 6,, 1 2. 15, 5, 8, 8, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6,
6, 5, 5,, 1 3. 5, 5, 5, 5, 8, 8, 8, 10, 3, 3,, 1 1. 100, 150,,, 23 2 2., 10,,,,,,, ( ), 205
206 :,, 12 :,,,,,,, :,,,,, :, 1. : 6, 2, 2. : 6, 3, 3. : 24, 3, 4. : 6, 3, 50300, 23,,,, 75100, 3, 15 /,, 1,,,,,
,,, 1520,,,,,,,,, 1. 10, 10, 8, 8, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5,, 1 2. 8, 8, 8, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5,, 1 3. 30, 30, 15, 15,,, 1 1. 30, 30, 15,, 2. 100, 150,,, 23 2 3., 10,, 207
,,,, B,,,, 208 D D D,, 3, 6 1, D, D,,, D,,,,, D,,,,,
1. :,,,,,, 2. : (1) :,,,,, 2,,, 1, (2) :,,, (3) : (4) :,,, O, X (5) :, 3. :, 1. 25-D 27.5 / 2. : 3. : 209
4. : 5. X : X, 2 1. :,,,,,,,,, :, : 2. :,,,,, 210 : :, 1. D : (1) :,, D30005000 D 1 1.5, 1 12, (2) :, D, 10 15, 20 30 D, 10% 3,
2. : D, 3, 23, 2,, 13 D 3, 10%,, D, 3. :,, 37, 1. ( ),,, 0.5, 3, 2. 50, 7, 18, 25,, 0.5, 3, 3. 500, 50, 2, 1,,, 500, 0.1%, 5, 2, 15 1 1.,,, 6,, 12 2. 10, 12, 6,,, 211
, 3 3. 30, 30, 30,,, 3, 2,, 3 12,, 15 ( ),, D,,, ( ) 212,,,,,,,,,, 23, 1. : (1), (2) 12, D 400,, D10 20 1
,, 0.5 2. : (1),, ( 6 ) (2),, 1 (3) D20 40 1, (4), :,, D,,,, < 1.75 /,,, D D,,,, D,, 85% 1, < 6 ( 35 ) D 213
214 120,,,,,,,,,, : (1) :, (2) :, (3) :,, 5 1.75 /,, 1. : 1, 23,,
1 1 2. : 36, 3, 3. : 36, 3, 4. : 13 1/ 3, 36 1/ 2, 23 5. : 6 1, 13 2, 2 1. :,, (1) :,, (2) : 8 / ; 1 / ( 5 / ) ; 10% 410 ; 0.10.3 / (3) :, 10% 510 10% 20% 1020 (, ),, 13, 23 10% () 510 34, 710 2, 2. D : 35 D,, 25005000 215
216, 1 500010000, D2 D3 30 1 3.,, < 0.75 /, 25% 0.1 /, 6 1 1 3 /, 34 1. 9, 6, 6, 3,, 1 2. 6, 6, 9, 9,, 1 3. 20, 20, 20, 10, 20,, 1.,,,, ( ),, 3,, 23, 1 2. 20, 50,,,,,, 10,,,, 1, 3., 3,,,,,, 810, 3,,, 1, 23,
,,, 7- D,,,,,,,,, D 3,,, D, :, 1, 3 (1) : 3 D 400 (2) :, 12 D 5001000 10 20 1, 12 (3) : D 400800 (4) :, D ( 10 ) 20 40 10 20 1 ( ) 217
218 ( 1 ) 1 0.5,,, ( ), ( ),,,,,, 1.,,,,,,, 2.,,,, 3.,,,,
4.,,, 5.,,,, 6.,, 1. :,,, 2. :,,,, 1. 11.47 / 75 /, 2. 2.2 /,,,,, 3. 2.6 / 24, 1. :, 13 1/ 2, 36 1, 6 12, 2 2. : 13 5, 36 10, 612 15, 13 30, 36 50, 6 80, 2 219
220 3. : 13 1/ 3, 36 1/ 2, 6 1, 2, 1. :, 0.51 /, 3.57.5 /, 2.34.5 /, 1.53 /, 13 2. :, : 0.3 /, 1 0.1 /, 1 0.1 /, 4 3.,,, 4.,, ABC 5.,,,, 1. 30,, 12, 2. 10, 7.5, 5,, 2, 1
3. 15, 10, 6, 1. 250, 100,, 2. 30, 100,,, 1 3. 30, 30,, 1,,,,,,,,, 23 1,,,,, 221
222, 714, 3,,,,,, 15 1. :,, 38,, 2. :, 40% 80%,, 3. : 50% 75%,,,,,,, X,, 34, 4. : 5%, 812, 16,,,
,,,,, 13,,, 5. :,, 0.22,,,,,, 1,,, 6. : ;,,,,,, 7. : 1. :, 2. :,, 3.C : 2, C, 1 C,,, 223
224 4. : 5. O:, O 6. :, G M A,, 3 1. :,,,,, :, : 2. :,,,,,,, :, : 3. :,,,,, :, : 4. :,,,,,,,, :, :, 2
1. :,,,,,,,,, :, : 2. :,,, :,,,, : 1. : :,, : 80 160, 2, 1014,, 2. :,,,,,,, (1) :, 80100 /, 6 1, 4, 225
226,, 2025 /,, 2 3/ 4, 2 ; 46, 12, (2) :, 2 /, 34,, 23, 100, 12, 1, 34,,,,, 3. :,,, 2/ 31/ 2 4. :,, 13,, 1. 15, 15, 15, 9
, 9, 9, 6,,, 23 2. 30, 15, 10, 6,, 1 3. 15, 15, 12, 9, 15, 20, ( ) 15, 3, 5,, 1 1. 500, 50,,,, 1, 2. 1, 5, 5, 5, 5,,,, 23 1 3. 30, 30, 15, 30, 500, 100,, 500,,, 23, ;, 4 ;, 6 ;, 2,,,,, 227
228,,,,, 120,,,,,, 24 810,,, 75% 1. : 45, 13 13 11 (1) : 2,,,
(2) :,, 40,, (3) :, 90%,,, (4) :,,,,, (5) :,,, ( ) 2. : 4, 2 78 24 1014, (1) :,,, 5,,, (2) :,,,, 39, 3. : 78, 3 (1) :,,,, 229
230 (2) :,, 1.,,, C, 2. : 80%,, 3. :, 1. : 11.5 /, 3,, 2. : 23 /, 3, 1 1 3. : 1/ 21, 2, 4. : 1, 2, 5. : 1, 2, 6. : 1/ 21, 3,, 3 23, 1. : (1) :,, 1015 /, 2
(2) :, 50100 /, 3, 14, 10,, 200 300 /,, (3) : 3040 /, 34,, (4) : 0.52.5 /, 3,,,, 2. :,, 12 /,,, 6, 1. 15, 15, 15, 15, 500, 1,,, 23 2. 18, 18, 20, 15,, 1 3. 5, 10, 10, 3, 10, 3,, 1 231
1. 50,,,, 30 1, 2, 500,,,,,, 2. 120, 120, 120,,,, 4 232 3. 2, 10, 50,,, 12, 23,,,,,,,,,,, 1, 1015,,,, 1, 1015,,
,,,,,,, ( )( ) ( ), 1. :,,,,,, 23,, 2. :,,,,, 3. : 1/ 3, 233
,,, 4. : 1/ 3,,,,,, 1. 2., 3., 4., 5. O IgA 6. 1. : 1020, 3 2. : 1, 2 3. : 6, 23 234 4. : 1, 2
1. :,, 2. C,,, 3. :, :, 150300 5% 500, 1, 710 1 4. :, : 12 /, 5. :, : 23 /,, 23 / 6. : 0.250.5,, 3, 10, 3, 250500 7. :, 8. : 235
236 (1) : 654-2, 0.1% 0.5 (2) : (3) :, (4) :,, 1. 9, 6, 3,, 1 2. 60, 15, 15, 15,, 1 3. 15, 15, 20, 20, 20,, 1 1. 50, 50,,,, 2. 100, 50,,, 3. 50, 30, 50,,,,
,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 4 4 1/ 3, : ;, ;, 1967,,,, 237
,, 2 8, 2, 4 80%, 39, 1. : (1) : 1, 23, 40 (2) : 34, (3) :,,, (4) :, ;, 238 (5) :, (6) : 1.54.5,,,, 6 5, ;, 6 4, 2. : (1) :
(2),, (3) 3. : (1) :, (2) : (3) :, 1. :,,, 23, 1000 10 9 /, C 2. X :, 3. : T,, 4. : 5. :, 3 1. :,,,,,,,,,,,, :, : 239
240 2. :,,,,,,,,, :, : 3. :,,,,,,,,, :, : 1. : Q10 2. :, 30100 /, 3, 35 /,, 2, E 2030 / 35 /, 35 /, 3. :,, 10, 400 /, 5
1. 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 10, 10, 0.5,, 1 2., 6, 3. 10, 6,, 1. 100, ( ) 200,,, 2. 500, 1 ( ),, 3. 6, 10, 10, 30,, 1015,,,,,,,,, 36 1, 2 1 1, 241
242,, 2, 812, 1. :,,,,,,,, 2. :,,,,,,, 3. :,
,,,, 4. :, 1. :,,,,,,,, 24 2 2. :,,,,, 3. :, 1. : 69, 3,, 2. : 69, 2, 3. : 6, 3, 243
244 4. : 9, 3, 5. : 9, 23, 6. : 1015, 3,, 13, 3, 1 1 7. : 4, 2 1. :, 2 /, 34 48,,,,, 12,,,,,, 2. : 3 ; ; (1) : 1015 /,, (2) :, 2 /,, 200, 2 2
(3) A: 2.57.5 /,,,, 3. : (1) :, 1 /, 4 1 (2) :,,, 1 /, 2, ; 25, 1, (3) 1. 30, 15, 10, 10,,, 2 2. 15, 30, 10,, 2, 10 1 3. 15, 12, 12, 12, 12, 6, 6,, 2, 1 1. 300, 50,,,, 1,, 2. 250, 1,, 1, 3,, 1, 24 245
, 3. 20,,, 1,, 1,,,,,,,,, 246,,, 3 10 3, ; 10,, ;,,,
1. :,,,, 2. ( 2 3 ) :,,,,,,,,, 3. (36 ) :,,,,,, 4. :,,,,,, 1. :, 2. : 3, 3. X :, 4. : 247
, 90% 248, 4 1. :,,,,,,, :, : 2. :,,,,,,,,,,, :, : 3. :,,,,,,,,,,, :, : 4. :,,,,, :, :
1. :,, 5 0.150.3, 3 ;, 25, 3, 1,, 2. : 3. H2 : 15 /, 34,, 46 ; 1 /, 2,, 46 4. : 8 /, 34, 15, 46 5. : 1 /, 3, 12, 48 ; 20 /, 3, 6. :, 0.7 /,,, 24 7. :, 8 /, 50 /,, 3, 2 1 50 / 1.,, 46, 3 249
250 2. ( ) 15, 10, 8, 6,, 1 3. 9, 6, 6, 3, 100130, 1. 1, 8,,, 200 2. 30, ( ) 60,,, 3. 500,,,, 100,, 34,,,,,,, 2 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,, 16,,, ;,,,, AD,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 251
252 1. :, 2. : D - ; 3. :, AD,, 1. :, : : 2 :, : : 10,, 1 2 11.5 /, 23
1. 60, 15, 6,,, 45, 2, 2. 5, 10, 3,, 1, 3 3. 10, 5, 6,,,,,, 1, 5 1 1. 15, 15, 100,,,,,, 1 2. 3060, 400, 150, 1 3 5 3. 10, 10, 6, 3, 60, 3,,,,,, 5 1, 23, :,,,,, 253
,,,,,, :,,, 1 :,,,,,,, ;,, :,,, ;,, ; 45,,, :,, (1),, 254 (2), (3),,
:,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, 2, 1, 6,,,,, 1. : l l0,,,,, 20, 2. :, 10 3. :,, 255
256,, 1. : 58,,,,,,, 2. : 101,,, 10,,,, 3. :, 34,, 1020,,, 4. : 34,,,, ( 69 ) (101 ) 1. :,, 2. :,
, : 1. : 12,, 46, 10 2. :,, 1. : 2. : 3. :, 5 1. :,,,,,, :, : 2. :,,,,,,,,,, :, : 257
258 3. :,,,,,,,, : : 4. :,,,,,,, : : 5. :,,,,,,,,,, : : 1. :, : 4, 0.71, 0.51, 0.3, 200 ORS : 3.5, 1.5, 2.5, 20, 1000 2. : 5% l0%, 5% 3. :,
, 10 25, 3,,, 2080 /, 4, 50200 /, 24 4. : (1) :,,, 0.10.3, 0.20.6, 1/ 21 (2) :,,, 2.55, 3 ; 1, 3,, 0.04 / 1., 1, 4,, 2., 39, 34 3. 3, 6, 6, 1.5,, 2, 1 1. 9, 6,,,, 10, 23, 35 259
260 2. 2, 15,,, 1,, 23 3. 30, 15,,, 6, 1, 23, 612,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,, B C, ;,,,,, 410,,,,, 12, 1. :,,,,,, 2. :,, 261
262,, 3. :,, 12,,,,,, 4. :,,, 38, 39 40, 5. :,,,,,,,,,, 1. : 2. :,, 3. :,, 4. :, 1. :,,
,, 2. :,, 3. X : 1. :,,,,,,,,, : : 2. :,,,,,,,,, : : 3. :,,,,,,,,,,, : : 4. :,,,,,,,,,,, 263
264 : :,,, ; ;,, 1. : (1) : 1,,,, (, ) (2) :,, (3) :,,, 510 /, 8,, 12 /, 1,,, ), ( 21 ( ) ; ; (4) :,,, 3, 1, 1520 /
2. : (1) :,,,,, (2) : 1. 3060, 23 2. 6, 9,, 1 3. 6, 10, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2 1. 15, 10, 5,,, 1 2. 15, 15, 15,,, 3. 5 20, 50,,, 265
, 450,,,, 266,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 12,,,, X,,, 12 /,, 654-2 0.10.2 /, 267
268 1. 5, 6, 1.5, 6, 3, 5,, 1 2. 6, 6, 3, 3, 6, 36, 3, 3, 1 3. 6, 3, 6, 6, 1.53, 3, 6,, 1 6, 3,,,,,,,,,,
,,, ;, 1. :,, 2. :,,,,, 3. :,, 4. : 5. :,,,,, 1. X :,, 2. : 269
3. :,, 4. : 5.B :,,,, 6 1. :,,,,,,,, : : 2. :,,,,,,, 270 : : 3. :,,,,,,,,, :, :
4. :,,,,, : : 5. :,,,,,, :,,, : 6. :,,,,,, : : 1. :,, 2. :,, 3. :, 4. : : (1) 1224 (2),, 271
272 (3) (4),, 1. 500, 30, 500, 200,, 1 1, 23 2. 30, 30, 20, 100,,, 3. 8, 6, 8, 8, 10, 6,, 34, 1 1. 30, 30,,,,, 2. 50,,, 34 3. 45, 15, 500, 200, 12,,, 12, 48,,,,, 3
, 10,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, 2% 5% 2, 410, 2 1. :, 411, 2,, 273
274, ( ) 2. :, 1. :,,,,,,,, 1020 2. :,,, 3. : 12, 85% 612, 4. :,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,
1. :, 2. :, 3.B :,, 4. X :,, 30%, 1. :,,, 48, ;, X, ;, 0.51.0, 68,,,,,,,,,,, 2. : 4872, 275
276 1. 1020, 3,,, 2. 6, 2.4, 1.8, 4.5, 3,, 3, 1,,,,, 3. 15, 5, 3, 2,, 100,, 510 1, 3 1. 1, 10 1, 2. 250, 250,,,,,,, 25 1530, 615 3060,, 10,, 2 3. 5, 3,, 1,,,,,,, ;,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 277
278 1. : 2010 9 /, 0.80.9,, 2. X :, 3.B :,, 4.CT :, 5. :,, 3 1. :,,,,,,,,, : : 2. :,,,,,,,,,,, : : 3. :,,,,,,,
,,,, : : 1. : (1) :, B (2) :, ;, + ; 68 2. :,,,, : 1. 40, 50, 3,,,, 5, 23 2. 30, 30, 30,, 2, 1 279
280 3. 60, 36, 30,, 2, 1 1. 20, 20, 30, 50, 3 500,, 2. 500, 500,, 3. 20, 1000,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1., 2. 3.,, B, 2 1. :,,,,,, :, 281
282 : 2. :,,,,,, :, :,, 1/ 3, 710, 1. :, ( 12 / ), K (K1 20,, K3 8 ) 2. : : (1),, (2),, (3), 57,,,,,
1. 50, 100 24, 20, 3 2. 50,, 300,, 1, 5 3. 30, 20, 15, 10,, 25, 4, 1. 20, 50, 1,,,,,, ( ),, 35, 2. 50, 50, 100150,,,,,, 100150 ( 5075 ), 2, 3. 500, 50,,,,,, 25, 3 283
284,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1. : 2. : 3. : 23 1, 3940, 12,, 12, ( ) 4. :,,, 5. :,,,,,,,,, 1. :,, 285
,,, 1 2. :,,,,,, 24,, 12,, 2 1. :,,,,, :, :,,,,,,,, :,, 286 : 2. :,, :, :,
,,,,,, :, ( ), :, ( ),,,,,, 37.5, 38.5 ( :, ), 10 /, 68 1, 3, 1. 6, 3, 3,, 1 2. 10, 10, 30, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 15,, 1 3. 6, 3, 3, 1,, 287
1. 250,, 3 2,,, 1, 1 2. 60, 40, 90, 1000,,,, 35,, 3. 20, 10, 6,,, 100 5 3,,,,,,,,,,,, 288,, 12,,,,
, 810,,,,, 2, 1. :,,, 2. :,,,,,,, 289
290 1., 2. 1.210 9 /,, E, 3. X :, 3 1. :,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, : 2. :,,,,,,,, :, : 3. :,,,,,,, :, :,,,
1. :,,, 2. :, 3., 1. 36, 36, 36, 24, 24, 12,, 2 2, 2 3, 2,, 13 1 2. 2, 12, 15, 3, 1, 10,, 1 3. 100, 30, 2500, 1 10, 12 15, 23 20, 34 25, 5 30, 2, 3 4, 3 1 1. 20, 50,,,, 2. 15, 30, 1,, 291
,,,, :, 4 ;, 6 ; ;,,,,,, 292,, ( ) ( ),, ( ),, ;, 1,,,
1., 2.,, : 4 : :, ( ), :,, :,,,,, 140 /, :,,,,,, 1. :,, 2. : ; CO2 3. :, 293
294, 2 1. :,,,,,,, : : 2. :,,,,,,, : : 1. : (1),, (2) (3),, 2. :,,,, 12 3. : 12 /, 23,
24 / ( ), 12 / 510 /, 2,,, 0.30.5 /, 23 4. :,, 3,, 5. :, 1. 15, 15, 12, 12, 12, 9, 6,, 1 2. 9, 9, 9, 9, 200,, 24 34 3. 10, 10, 10, 10, 15, 15, 15, 15, 6,, 1 1. 9, 9, 5,, 300, 200,,, 2. 10, 3, 3, 5, 15, 4, 15,,, 3. 20, 20, 100, 295
, 10,,,,, 21,,,,,,,,,,, 296,,,,,, ( ),, 23
,,,,,,,,,, : 510,,, 23 1. :,, 4, 2. X :,, 2 1. :,,,,,,,, :, : 2. :,,,,,,, :, 297
298 : 1. : ( ) 2. :,,, 10% 3. :, ( ) 10% 4. :, 1, 1 0.1, 0.1, 0.5, 1,, 10 1. 1, 10, 15, 2. 6, 1, 15, 3. 60, 12, 9, 1. 6, 1,,, ( ),,,,, 1
2. 1, 3,,,, 3. 10,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3,, 299
300,,,,,,,,, 34,, 1. :, 2. : IgE 3. X :, 1. : (1) :,,,,,,,,,, :,, :
(2) :,,,,,,,,,, :, : 2. : (1) :,,,,,,,,,,,, : : (2) :,,,,,,,,,, :,, : (3) :,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, : : 301
302 1. :, 2. :,, 4 /,, 0.51 /,, 12 /, 23, 510 /,, 1.52.5, 3.,, AD 1., 1 11.5, 13 23, 3, 2,,, 12,, 2. 2, 1,,,,, 1, 10 1 3. 5, ( ) 30, 8, 8, 20, 2,, 1 1. 5, 2,, 1
2. 100, 10, 10, 5, 1,, 3. 1,,, 2, 1.5,,,,,,,,,,, 20%,, 303
304,,,,,,,,,,, 24,,,,, 1. :,,,,,, IgE, 2. :,, IgE 3. :,,, 1. 10% 20% 2. X,,,, 3. :,,
4. :, 1. : (1) :,,,,,,,,,, :, : (2) :,,,,,,,,, :,, : 2. : (1) :,,,,,,, : : (2) :,,,,,,, :,, : 305
306 (3) :,,,,,,, : : 1. 2 : (1) : 12, 34 5 0.51, 34, 5 2, 34,, 5 /, (2) : (3) : 2.5, 12 1/ 41/ 3, 35 1/ 32/ 3, 614 2/ 31, 3 2. : 45 /, 68 1,, 5 / 10% 30, 0.60.9 / 4. :, 5. : (1) :,,, (2) : (3) :, 12 / ( 40 ), 24,,
714, 6. : 0.51, 12 1., 13, 3,, 3 2. ( ) 69, 1, 2 3. 30, 6, 18, 3, 5,,,, 4,, 12, 12 2 1. 510, 30, 35,,,,,,, 3 2. 100, 20, 10, 2, 2 ( ) 1,, 1, 3 1 3. 30, 15, 30,, 2,, 1,, 2 2,,,, 307
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 308,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,, : : : (1 ) ( 13 ) (3 ) : : :, 1. :, 39, 40,, 2. :,,,,, 3. :,,, 4080, 309
,, 4. :,, 5. :, 1. (1),,, (2), (3) :, (4) :, 2. X :,,,, 310, 4 1. :,, (1) :,,,,,
:, : (2) :,,,,,, :, :, 2. :,,,,, :,,,, : 3. :, (1) :,,,,,,,, :, : (2) :,,,,, : :, 4. :, (1), :, 311
,,,, :, : (2) :,,, : : 1. : (1) :,, 5 10 /, 2, 5, 2 (2) : 2550 /, 4, 1530 / l0% (3) : ( ), 2550 /, 34 VI ( ), 2550 /, 6 12,,,, 1, 57 312 2. : 0.51 /, 46 1 3. : (1) :, 2
(2) :, 10 /,, 1.,,, 0.20.5,, 12 2.,, 1, 12, 3., 18,,,,, 1 1. 5, 10,, 1,, 2. 50, 12, 10, 15,, 2 3. 30, 2, 10, ( ) 6, 60,,,,,, 1822, 55% 60%,, 313
314,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; ; ; ;,,,,,, ; ;, ( ),,,
,,,,,,,, 1. :, (2030 ) 10 9 /,,, 2. : 3. :, 4. X :,,,,, 3 1. :,,,,,,, : 315
: 2. :,,,,,,,, :, : 3. :,,,,,,,,,, : : 1. :, 240 640, 2, 100150 / 2080 /,, 1,, 4, X 2. :, (1) :,, 23, 20, 316 (2),, (3),
3. :, 10 50, 1012 1, 4. :,,,, 1.,,, 3,, 2. 15, 10, 5, 10, 1 3.,,,,, 250, 1250,, 3, 1000, 2030, 3 1. 10, 10, 10, 30,,,, 2. 15, 60,,, 1 2 3. 5, 5, 150,,,,,,, 317
318,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,
1.,,,,, 2. :, ( ) 1. :,, 2. :, 24,,,, 3. X : 4.CT : 5., 6.,, 3 1. :,,,,,,, 319
:, : 2. :,,,,,,, 320 :, : 3. :,,,,,,, :, : 1. :, ( 160 320 ), 35,, V 2. : 10% ( 0.5 ) ( 0.5 ), K1, 3, 3,
( 0.3 / ), 10% 200, 20, 3., :, X, 2,,,,, ( ),,,, 2030 4. :,,, 610,, : (1) (2) (3), (4) (5) 912,, 321
322 1. 120, 60, 30, 30,, 6, 3, 1 2. 1, 1.5,, 3,, 36, 3 3. 30, 30, 15, 15, 9, 9, 6,, 1 1. 60, 1,, 2. 1,,,, 10,, 12, 57 3. 100, 35, 50,,,,,,, 15,,,,, ;, ;,,,,
,,,, : 3 ; ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, 1. :,,,, 323
324 2. : 1,,,,, 3. : ;,, ;,, : 1. :,,, 2.X : 3. :,,, 4. :,, 4 1. :,,,,,,, : : 2. :,,,
,,,, :, : 3. :,,,,, :, : 4. :,,,,,,,, :, : 1. :,,,,,, (1) :,,, (2) : :,, :, 325
326, 25 /,, 0.5 1 /, 34 (3) :, 2. 1. 15, 30, 18, 9, 9,, 1 2. ( ) 5, 10, 6,, 1 1. 1, 15, 15,,,, 2. 50, 10, 10,,,, 3. 10, 10, 10, 1,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 327
328,,,,,,,,, 20,, ( 16 ),, 1. : 1/ 31/ 2,, :,,,
,,, 6, 1 2. :,,,,, X 1 3. : 2,,,, 1. :,, T, 2. :,,,, 1, 3. :,,,,,, 4 1. :, 6 2. :,, 329
6 3. :, 1 4. :,,, 1. : 24 ( ),, 2.X : 25% 3. : ( ) 4. : 5. 330, 1. : (1) :,,,,
: : (2) :,,,,,, : : 2. : (1) :,,,,,, : : (2) :,,,, :, : (3) :,,,,, : : 3. :,,,,,,,,, :,, : 331
332 23 1. : 2, 2 12 /, 34, 34 2. :,, C B1 Q10 5, 13 3. :, 1/ 22/ 3,, 1. 30, 15,, 35, 23, 2. 12, 12, 12, 10, 10, 10,, 1 3. 12, 15, 12, 15, 12, ( ) 15, 6,, 1 9, 12, 1. 15, 10, 60,,, 2. 25, 5,,
,,,,,, 35 3. 45, 18, 20,,, 2,,, 1, ;,, :, 3,,,,, 36,,,, 3,,, 3,,,,, 333
334,,,,,,,,, 6 ;,, 6 1. :,,,,,,,,,, 2. :,, 3. :,,,,,,, ;,,
,,, 30%,,,, ;,,, 1. :,,,, C,,,,, 2. : 2 3. :,, 2 3 1. : 3, 34, 2. : 20 5% 100 200, 12 3. : 10, 2, 1. : (1) :, 335
,, 46 (2) :, G 30 /, (3) : 1525 /, 12 1, 2 3 5 /, 612 1, 46 (4) :, 200 /, 336 (5) : (6) : 200 /, 35 / 15 / (7) : B, 0.25 /, 0.25, 1 /,,, (8) :,,,,, 1,, 1 :,,,
,,, 2. :,,,, : (1),, (2), (3) (4) (5) (6) 1. ( ) 30, 3,, 2, 1 2. 30,, 2, 1 3. 10, ( ) 6, 10, 10, 6, 6, 2, 12, () 15, 9, 3,, 1 1. 20, 20, 15, 10,,, 2, 40,,, 1, 337
338 2. 1, 1015,,,,,,,,,,, 3. 250, 50,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 612, 2
,, ;, 1,,,, 1. :,,, 12,,, 10 /,,, 34, 2. : 50%,, 1620/ 11.3 13.3 ( 120150/ 85100 ) 21.2/ 14.6 (160/ 110 ), 12, 3. : (1 ) :, 90%, 30% 50%,,,, ( 339
340 ) 12,, 4, 6 (2) :, 300400,, 1 1. :, 2. :, 3. :, 4. :,, : O : 35 ( > 1400), ( O 70%, 70% 80%, 50% ), 1. : (1) :,,,,, : : (2) :,,,
,, :, : (3) :,,,,,,, :, : 2. : (1) :,,,,,,, : : (2) :,,,,,, : : 1. : (1) :,, 23 /, 23,, 1 /, 4 8 (2) :, 12.0 ( 90 ) : 341
342 (), 0.20.3 /, 34 ;, 12 /, 3, 0.10.15 /, 2. :,,, 710, 1. 250, 30, 16, 200, 1, 3, 12 2. 30, 30,, 1 3. 50,, 1. 1 ( 300 ), 250, 10,, ;,,,,,, 2. 100, 100, 100, 100,, 4,,,,,, 3. 1530, 1530, 50,,
2,,,,, 12 ;, 0.5 / ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 24,,, 2,,,, 343
344,,,,,, 5 23 1/ 31/ 2, 23 ( 400 ) ( 50 ), 1/ 3,,,,,,, /, 1. : / 2. :,
,, 3. :, ANCA : 1. 3 2. 3., 4. 5. 6. 50%,,, 1. : 1 /, 3,, 1 2. : 69, 2, 3. : 510 /, 23 4. : 3, 3, 5. : 24, 3, 1. :,, 345
346 2. : 11.5 /, 2.53 /, 3. : 1530 / 5%100200, 12, 1, 3 1 3,,, 4.,, 0.51 /, 1, 36, 3 1, 25,, 5. :,,,, 100150 /, 46 1,, 510 510 /, 3 6. :,,,,, 7. : : (1), (2) > 28.5 / (3) > 6.5 / (4)
1. 15, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, () 9, 10,, 1 2. 60, 30, 30, 30,, 100, 3050, 3 3. 12, 12, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 20, 20, 20, 20, 5,, 1 1. 6, 15, 15,,, 2, 2. 50, 30, 60, () 20,,,, 3. 30, 10, 60,,,, 2,,, 3, 347
348 2,,,,, :,,,, 80% 90% ( ) ( ),,, : 1. :,,,, 2. :
3. :,,,, 1. :,,,, 2. :,, 1. :, 2. : + + + + + + +, 3. :,, 2, - ; ; ; ; IgG IgA, IgM ; C3, 6 349
350 1. :,,,,,,,,, :,, : 2., :,,,,,,,, :, : 3. :,,,,,, :,, : 4. :,,,,, :, : 5. :,,,,, : : 6. :,,,,,, :, :
1. : 710, ;, ( 25 / ) ( 2 / ) ;, 10 /, ( 1 ) ; 2. : (1) : 2 / ( 60 ), 3, 2 ( 4, 8 ), 2 /, 4, 24 2.55, : 6, 9 (2) : 2 /, 60,, 2, 1.5 /, 46, 812 (3) : 1.52 / 8, : 8 ; : 8, > + + + ; :, 2,, 23 ; : 4, > + + ; ; : > 2, 1 > 3 351
3. : (1) : 2.55 ( 0.25 / ), 1.52 (2) : :,, 22.5 /, 23, 812 ; :,, 12, < 410 9 /, < 310 9 / < 200 250 / : 0.2 /,, < 10 /, 352 68, A (3) : 2.5 /,, 6 4. : : 1. 3060, 1530, 3060, 10,, 1, 2 2. () 3,,, 6, 1 3. 250, 60,,, 6, 23
1. 30, 30, 30, 10, 5,, 500, 150,,, 1, 23, 2. 30, 30, 15, 10, 30, 600, 20,,,,, 1, 2, 1 3. 20, 20, 20, 1,,,,,,,,, ( 3 / ), ( 0.5 / ), BCD,,,, 2, 3 353
354,,,, 70%, 1014, 10 1/ 3, 5 1. : 25% 50%, 80%,,,,, 50% ; ; 40% 50%, : 2. : (1) :, (2) :,, (3) :,
(4) : (5) :,,,,, (6) :,, 30% 40% (7) :, (8) : 1. :,, 2. :, > 1 64, 3. : 3/ 4, C3 4. : 70% 80%, 66% 69%,, 1. : 2, 3, 2. : 13, 3,, 23 1. :, 1.5 355
356 2.0 /, 34, 60,,, 0.51 /, 2. :,,,, 23 /, 812 / 100, 1, 2, 2 1, 150 / 3. :, 4. : 1. 15, 10, 10, 10, 24,, 1 2. 15, 15, 6, 9, 15, 30, 6, 10, 30, 15, 15, 15, 15,, 1,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,, : (1) : (2) :,, (3),, IgA IgA,,, /,,,,, 357
358 1. : 15 ( 48 ),, 15, 2. :,, 3. : 4% 10%, 10%,, 1. IgA : IgA 2., 3. :, 4. : 1. :, 36 1/ 3, 69 1/ 2, 912 1, 23 2. :,, 36 24, 6 9 35, 912 46, 2
3.,, 36 1/ 3, 69 1/ 2, 912 1, 2 4. :,, 36 1/ 3, 69 1/ 2, 912 1, 2 5. :, 36 35,, 912 810, 2 69 58 6. :,, 36 3, 69 5, 912 7 3 7. :, 36 1/ 3, 69 1/ 2, 912 1, 2 1. :,,, 2. :,, 24 > 50100 /,, 3. : 35 /, 3, IgA 4.,, ( ) 5. :, 359
360 1. 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 12, 6, 5,, 1 2. 15, 15, 10, 5, 20, 6, 10, 15, 10, 10, 10,, 1 3. 20, ( ) 15, 6, 10, 20, 20, 20, 20, 15, 10, 15,, 1 1. 30, 2. 100, 2, 3. 15, 10, 6,,,,,,,,,,
,,, 25% 60%,,, ; 1. : (1) :,, (2) :,,,, (3) :,, 2. : 1, 1015 : (1) :,, 361
(2) : 20% 40%,,, (3) :,, 1. :,,,, 362 2. :,,, 3. :, 4. :, 5. :,,,, 1. :, 2., IgA, 3. : /
1. :, 36 1/ 2, 69 1, 912 12, 2 2. :, 36 1/ 3, 912 2/ 3, 23 69 1/ 2, 3. :,, 36 0.1, 69 0.2, 912 0.3, 4 1 4. :, 36 1/ 3, 69 1/ 2, 912 1, 3 5. :,, 36 2, 69 4, 912 6, 23,, 1. :,, 2. :, 3. :,, 1.52 /, 3, 48 363
364,,, 6, 1.52.5 /, 23 / 4. : 1. 10, 10, 15, 15, 10, 10, 15, 6, 10, 10, 6, 10, 10 ( ), 6,, 1, 2 2. 10, 9, 10, 12, 10, 9, 10, 30, 3, 10,, 1, 2 3. 15, 15, 30, 15, 15, 30, 15,, 1, 1. 50, 30, 2 2. 50,,, 3. 10,,,
,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, 3 80% 90%, 1. : 365
, 366 2. :,,,, 3. : (1),, (2),,,,, (3),,,,,, 1. : 5 /,, 2. :, 10 5 /, 10 4 10 5 /, 10 4 / 10 4 /, 2, 3. : 1, 10 5 / 4. :,
, 5. :,, 3 1. :,,,,,,,,,,,, :, : 2. :,,,,,,, :, : 3. :,,,,,,,,,, :, : 1. :, 1/ 2000, 23 2. :, (1) : 367
368 :,,, 90%,,, 23, 23,,, 2 (2) :, 50 /, 2, 12, (3 ) : 810 /, 3,,, (4) : 50100 /, (5) : 510 /, 3 ;, (6 ) :, 100200 /, 2 ; 5080 /, 2 (7) :, 1014,,
, ( 1/ 31/ 4 ), 34, 12,, 23 3. :,, 1. 10, 10, 10,, 2, 1 2. 3, 9, 9, 6, 9,, 1 3. 30, 30, 30,, 1 1. 50, 20, 10,, 2 600, 450,, 3, 1 2. 15, 15,,, 30, 3. 50, 50, 10, 10,,,,,,,,, 369
370,,,,,,, 2 1, 6,,, 3 1, 23 30% 60%,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 4,,
,,,,,, X B, 3 1. :,,,,,,,,,,,, : : 2. :,,,,,,, :, 371
372 : 3. :,,,,,,,,, :, : 1. :, 2. : 20% ( ),,,,,,, 3. : : (1) (2), (3), (4) (5) 1.,, 3, 3
2. 15, 10,, 2, 1 3. 100,, 3, 2, 1. 125, 125,,,,,, 912 1, 34 2. ( ),,, 12, 2, 3.,,, 200, 2, 2000,,,, 500, 200,, ph,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 373
374,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, 2040,, 1. :,, 2. :, 3. :,,, 1. :,
, 2. :,,,,,,,,,,, 1. :,,, :, 2.B :,, 1. : 1, 2,, 2. : 9, 2 3. : 69, 2 4. : 6, 23 5. : 6, 23 375
376 1.,, 2.,, ( ), 3. ( ),, 4., 5.,, 1. 30, 30, 120,, 1.5,, 10, 2. 30, 30, 6,, 5, 2, 3. 50, 2,,, 12 1. 67, 30,,,,, 2 2. 10, 30, 15, 1.5
,,,, 23, 30,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6 3, 1.,, 2. :, 3. :, 377
378 4. :, ( ),,, 1. :,,,,,,,,,, 2. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
, 3 1. :,,,,,, : : 2. :,,,,,, : : 3. :,,,,,,, : : 1. :, 0.03 /, 0.02 / 2.5%, 1.2 / 3,,,,,, 510,, 379
, 2 24, 4,, 68,,,, B12, 2. C: 100, 2, 3.,,, 1. 1015, 1015, 10, 6, 10, 10, 6,, 1 380 2. 1015, 610,, 1 3. 1015, 1015, 15,, 1 1. 150, 100,,,, 800,, 2. ( ) 100, 100,,,,,, 1000,
,, 3. 200, 500, 100,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 34, 1/ 4, 1, 56, 7,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 381
382 B 12 /,,, 2 B12,,,,,,,,, ;, ; ;, ( 95% ) ;, ;,,,,,,,
,,, ;,,,, 1. :,,,,,, 5 5% 6 1% 2. :, 10%, 3. :, B12, 4 1. :,,,,,,,, :, : 2. :,,,,, :, : 3. :,,,, 383
:, : 4. :,,,,,, 384 : : B12 500, 1 ; 100, 2, 24 515, 23 C, 24, 1, B12, B12, B12,,,,,, 1. 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 27, 18, 18,
15, 500,, : 1 1015, 23 20 30, 46 3040, 3, 2. 1015, 1015, 10, 610, 610, 610, 610,, 1 3. 15, 10, 15,, 1 1. 30, 15,,,,,,,,, 3, 1 2. 60, 50, 30,, 3. 50, 30, 30, 20, 20, 20, 20, 300,, 4,,,,, B12 1, 385
386,,,,,,, ( 2.2% 10.7% ), 1. :,,,,, 38,,,,,,,, 2. :,,,,,,,,,
,,,,, 1. :, < 1%,, 2. :,,,, 3. :,, 3 1. :,,,,,,, : : 2. :,,, 387
,,,,, : : 3. :,,,,,, : :,, 1. : 2. : (1) :, < 0.510 9 /, (2) :,,, 3. : (1) :, 12, 3, 5, 3, ; 12 /, 6 388 (2) :,
, 1 / 4. : (1) : 15 /, 2.5 /, 5, (2) A: 58 /, 5. : 6. : 7. : : 5 : 1 1, 23 2, 45 3,, 2 10 : 12 1, 34 2, 57 3, 810 4, 5 36 1. 50, 15, 20,, 1 2. 25, 25, 250, 30,,,, 2, 2 3. ( ) 6, 6, 30, 10, 12, 389
390 20,, 1 1. 50, 10, 200,, 1, 10 1 2. 1000, 100,,,,,,, 1, 1015 1 3. 1015,,,, 23, 1520,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,
,,,, 13,,,, ;,,,, 28, 70%,, ; ;,, ( ),, 1 2 1. :,,,,, 391
392 2. :,,, 10% 1. : ( ), 2. : ; 3. :,, ( < 30% ) 4. : ; C3 5. : 1. : < 10010 9 / > 5010 9 /,, 2. : 5010 9 / > 2510 9 /,,,, 3. ( ) : (1) < 2510 9 / > 1010 9 /, (2), (3) (4),
4. ( ) : (1) < 1010 9 /, (2) ( ), 2 1. :,,,,,,,,, :, : 2. :,,,,,,, :, : 3. :,,,,,,,, :, : 393
394 1. : (1) :,,,,, C P,,,, (2) : 1 ( 2 ) 12 /, 1,, 35 4 / 23, 4,,,,, (3) :,,, (4) : 0.4 /, 5,
(5) :, 2. : (1) : (2) : 2 /,,, 34,, 12 1/ 4, 1,,, 34 (3) :, (4), (5) :, :,, 1 5, 3 > 10, 1. 15, 15, 15, 9, 9, 9,, 1 2. 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 15,, 1 395
396 3. 30, 15, 15, 6,, 510 1.,,, 12 2. 15, 25, 60,, 3. 60, 2, 30,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
6,,, 1. :,,,,,,,,, 2. :, : (1),,,,,, 1 (2) :,,,, (3) :,,, ( ), ( ),, (4),,,,, (5) :,,,, 3. :,,,,,,,, 397
4. :, 1.X :,, 398 2. :, T4, T3 131,, 4 3. :,,, 2 1. :,,,,,,,, :, : 2. :,,,,,, : :
1. L - : 6, 6 10 / ; 712, 68 /, 2 4 /, 1 L - 0.1 40 2. :, 1 1, 510 T4 : 6 1020, 1 2040, 3 4060, 7 60100, 14 80120 2 36 1, 612 1 3. : ACDB, 1. 10, 2, 12,, 3 2. 1,,, 3., 510, 3, 3 1, 1. 3, 1,,,,, 1 2. 30, 50,, 500,,, 399
,, 1 3. 1,,,,, 5,,,, D,,,,,,,,,, 400,,,,,,,, ;,,, 2 1 ( T4 TS ), T4 3 1, 1 2 6 1, 12,,,,
,,, 3,,,,,, 1. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. :,,,,, 3. : ( ),,,,, 17 ;,,,,,,,, 17 4. :,,,,,, ( ) 5. :, 401
402,,,,,,,,, 1. 2. 131, 3. T3 T4, T3 T4,, 3 1. :,,,,,, :, : 2. :,,,,,, : : 3. :,,,,,, :, :
1. : (1) : 12 /, 67 /, 46, T4, 0.52 /, 3 (2) : T4, 1/ 31/ 2 T4, 24 1 (3) :, 57.5, T4 23, 2. :,,,, 2040 3. : (1), 1/ 2 (2) 15, 68 1 (3) 12 /, 68 1 (4) 510 /, (5), 4. :,, 5. : 24, 5, 12, 12, 12 / 403
404, 4, 4 7, 5 2, 310 9 /, 6. : 1, 8 1 ; 510 /,, 12, 2 /,,,,, 1. 20, 10, 12,, 2, 1 2. 912,, 1, 58 3. 2000, 10, 2,,, 11.5, 4, 15 1 34 1. 500, 500,,, 10, 1, 2. 1000,,,,, 1,,, 2, 1,, 1015
3. 15, 30, 60,,, 1520,,,,, B,,, 0.5%,,,,,,, 310 9 /,,,,,, 405
406, 8, 10,,, 1. ( ) :,,,,, 2. ( ) :,,, 3. : 4. : 5. : 1.,, 6 6 2. ( 25 2
), 3., 6, 6, 4. ( ), 1, 12 1.X : X,, X 2. : ( ) 3. : 4. 24 17-: 5. CT MRI: 1. : 36, 2, 2. : 36, 2, 1. : : (1) : 6080 /,, 407
1,, (2) : 24, 10,, 408 (3) :, 100 /, 23 2. :,,,, 1. 15, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10,, 2, 1 2. 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 5,, 1 3. 5, 5, 5, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10,, 10, 10,, 1 10
,,,,, 1,,, 57,,,,, : 1. 40% 2., 3. ( ) 4. 5.,, 409
410 1.,, 2. ( ),, 1/ 3 3.,,,,, 4.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. :, 2. : 50%,, 3. :,,,, l. : 6.7 / 7.8 /, / 2 11.1 / 2. :
: : 7 ( ) 11 ( ), 11 5 ( ), 5 9 ( ), 9 7 :, 3. : 4. :, < 11.1 /, 5. : 6. : 7. C - : 1 2 1 :, C -,, 2 C -, 8. : 12 1., 11.0 /, 7.8 /, 411
412 2.,, ( 3 1 /, 1.75 /, 75 ), (2 11.0 / ), 4 1. :,,,, : : 2. :,,,,,, : : 3. :,,,,,, : : 4. :,,,,,,,, : :
1. : (1) :, < 3 < 0.25 /, > 3 0.250.5 /, > 10 0.61.0 /, 1, 34, C-,, 2030 (2) (/ ) : 2, 2/ 3, 1/ 3, 13, 3070, 5050,, 11.1 /, ( 24 ) (3) :,, 34, ; 31, 0.20.3 / 2. : ( 2 2 2 ) (1) : : 413
: : : (2) : : 3. :, 2 4. :,,,,,,, 5. :,,, 24 5.55 /,,, 414 6. : (1) :,,
,,,, (2) :,, (3) :, 2 /, 2,,,, 1. 1,,,, 12, 3 2. 15, 15, 30, 30, ( ) 9, 4,, 1 3. 30,, 3, 2 1.,,,, 1 2. ( ) 12, ( ) 6,,,, 1 3 3. 1015,, 415
416 : = 4184 + (290420) :, < 3 418.4,, :, 209.2251.0, 8368 : 50% 55%, 15% 20%, 25% 30% ;, 1/ 5, 2/ 5,, :,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,
,, ;,,,, ;,,,,,, 12 :, 50% 3, 8, 1.75 / ( 75 ), 100250, 510, 3060120 180, 120 11.1 /, 212,,,,,,,, 417
418, ;,, ; ( ),,,,,,,, 10% 1. : 1/ 2, 2,, 2. : 1/ 2, 2,
, 3. : 3, 23,, 4. : 36, 2,,, 5. : 36, 2,, 1. : (1) :, 0.51, 23, 1.52 ( ), 12 (2) : 50100, 23, 0.3 (3) : 0.51, 5 0.51, 2.7 2. :, 419
420 1. 10, 10, 10, 10, 5, 3, 10, 1, 100, 4, 28 1 2. 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 6, 6, 3, 3,, 1 3. 12, 10, 10, 3,, 1,, ;,,,,,,, 1,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,, 4, 1/ 3,,, 1. :,,, 2. :,,, 3. :,,, 421
,,, 4. :,,,,, 1. : ( ), 2. : 3. : 422 1. :, 2. :,,,, 5 1. :,,,,,,,,, :,
: 2. :,,,,, :, :,,, 3. :,,,,,, :, : 4. :,,,,,,,,,,, :, : 5. :,,,,,,,,, :, : 6. :,,,,,,,,, :, :, 423
424, 1. ( ) : 0.20.5 /, 0.7l.0 /,,, 23 30 1, 1, 4, 6 2. : 1/ 2, 0.10.3 /, 68, 1, 20, 3. :,, :, 12, 1 ;, ;, 2.25 /, 37.5, 1 80 56 1. 6, 6, 6, 6, 9, 3, 6,, 1 2. 15, 12, 10, ( ) 12, ( ) 10, 12,, 1 3.,, 1015, 2
1. 15, 15, 10, 150,,,,,, 2. 15, 15, 15, 40,,, 1 3. 30, 30, 15,,,,, 12,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 425
426 6,,,,,,,,,,,,, /,,, 1. :
2. :, 3. : 4., 5. 1. : 69, 2, 2. : 9, 2, 3. : 69, 2,,,,, 1 1/ 4, 2 ; 13 1/ 3, 2 ; 56 1, 2, 1. 6, 6, 15, 60, 9, 9, 30, 30,, 1 2. 6, 9, 9, 9, 6, 6,, 1 427
,,,,,,,,,,,, 428 3, 3,,,,,,,,,, ; 1,,,,, 1, 1 1,
,,,,, 1. 2.X, 3 1. :,,,,, :, : 2. :,,,,,,, :, : 3. :,,,,, : : 1. :,, 429
, 2.55, 0.1, 612.5 2. : 23, 58 ; 0.5 /, 23, 1,, 1. 36,,,, 10 2. 30, 30, 50, 50,, 6, 3 3. 15, 20, 10,, 1 1. 1, 120, 30, 15,,,,, 2. 250500, 20,, 2 1, 1, 430 56 3., 6, 1,,,, 2, 35 2
,,, 12,,,,, 56,,,,, 4,,,,,,,, 1.52,,,,,, 60%,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 431
432,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.X : X,,, 2. CT: 3. :,,
4. : 1 (6 ),, 212, ; 20, 1. : 36, 2,, 2. : 36, 2,, 3. : 3, 2,, 4. : 36, 2,, 1. :,, 5 /, 1 1 12 /, 2 24 /, 1 2, 0.10.2 /, 3, 1 2. :, 296,,,, 433
434 1.,, 5,, 1 2. 15, 6, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,, 30, 1 9,,, 1, 3, 10 1 3. 20, 15, 15, 10, 10, 8,, 1 120, 200,, 20 1, 16, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1,,,, : 1. 2. 3. 1. :, ; 2. :,,, 1, 435
436 3. : 4. : :, 3 6 :, : 45,, 4,,, ; 56,, ; 89,, CT MRI, 4 : (1), 2, 6 (2),,,,,
6, (3) (4), 46,, 1. : 1, 23, 2. : 1/ 21, 23, 3. : 2/ 31, 2, 1. :,, 2. :, 3. : (1) : 57, 1, 10 1, 1 2, (2 ) : 3060, 2, 30 1, 10 2,, (3) : 510, 1, 10 1, 10 2 437
438 4. : (1) :,,,,, (2) :, (3) :, 5. :,,,, 1. 20, 20, 20, 50, 50, 30, 30, 2,, 3, 2 2. 50, 30, 24, 24, 24, 15, 15, 15,,, 6, 2, 3. 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 7.5, 7.5, 7.5,, 1.5, 3 1. 30, 15, 3,,,, 1, 10 1
, 23 2. ( ) 20,, 10,,,, 1, 30 1 3. 50, 10,,, 1,, 10 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ) 439
,,, 440 1. :,,,,,,,,,, 2. :,,,,,,,, 3. : 16,, 4. : 58,
,,,, 12 5. : 1,,,,,, 12,, 1. : 75% 79%, 2. : CT,,,,, 5 1. :,,,,,,,,,, : : 2. :,,,,, 441
442, : : 3. :,,, : : 4. :,,,,, : : 5. :,,,,, : : 1. : (1) :, 24, (2) :,,,, (3) :
,, 23,,,, (4) : 4, 2,,,, 1 (5),,,,,, (6) :,,,, D K 2. : (1) : 0.050.1 /, 4,, 15 1 (2) : 0.020.06 /, 1 24, 10, 0.1 20 (3) : 0.30.5 /, 1 / 10 1, 2 443
444 / 20 (4) : 1520 /, 0.9%, 1 /, 10 /, 15 5 /, 15 5 /, 24, 5 / (5) : 1520 /, 1015 /, 15 5 /, 24, 35 / (6) :, 0.15 /, 15 /,,,, 1.,, 12, 1 2. 30, 30, 25, 120, 30,, 3,,, 1 1. 20, 20, 20,, 3, 10, 1, 2. 60, 60, 20, 500, 3,,,, 30, 2
3. 10, 15, 100, 20,, 25, ;,,,,,,, 2,,,,,, : 23 1, 36 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 445
446, 38,,,,,,,,, 6 3, 6 6,,,, 1. : 38.8, 2. :, 3. :, 4. :,,,,,,,,, :
1. : 2. : 3. : 1 80%, 35 30%,, 3,, 3 1. :,,,,,, :,, : 2. :,,,,,,,,,,, :,, : 3. :,,,,,,, : : 447
448 1. ( ) : 0.30.5 /,, 1, 1 10, 20 1 24 24 2. ( ) :,, 0.020.06 /, 1 14, (0.9% ), < 0.1 /,, 3.10% 0.5 /, 1 10 4., 1520 /, 0.9%, 1 / 10 /,, 15 5 /, 15 5 / 24 5 /,, 5. : 1520 /, 1 810 /, 12 24 24, 35 / 6., 1020 / ( 300 ), 2.5%, 5 /,, 2,, 7.,,,
1. 5, 7.5,, 1 2.,,,, 3. 0.3, 35, 10,,,,,,, 1. 6, 10, 10,,,,,, 1 2 2. 120, 30, 2,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,, 3.,, 2, 1,, 5,,,,,,, ( 449
450 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,, 1. : 5070,,,,,,, 2. : 3549,,,,,, 3. : 2034,,,, 4. : 20,,,,, 451
452 1., 2. 3., X, 4., 5. CT 1.IQ : 03 2. : 46 3. : 718 4. : 6 15 1. : 1/ 21, 2, 2. : 1/ 21, 2, 3. : 10, 2,
4. : 1/ 21, 2, 1. :,,,,,,, 2. :,, ( ) 1. 15, 12, 6, 10,, 1 2. 30, 1,, 36, 2, 3. 10, 8,, 1 1. 1,,,,, 10,, 453
454 2. 1, ( ) 100, 150, 3, 10,,,, 3.,, 2, 2,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, 79,,
13, 12 : 1. :,,, 2. :,, 3. :, 4. :, 5. : : :,,,,, X :,,,, X, 1/ 2 :,,,,, 1, 23, 4 455
456, 3 1. :,,,,,,,, : : 2. :,,,,,,,, : : 3. :,,,,,,, :, : 1. :,, ;,, 2. :,,,
(1) :, (2) :,, 60, 45,, 3. :, 510 / 0.20.4 /,, 34 4. :,,, 5., : 400 /, 5 1. 15, 15, 15, 10, 10, 10, 0.53, 510,, 1, 35, 2. 9, 9, 9, 12, 9, 6, 6,, 1 457
3. 90, 1,, 36 0.51, 69 11.5, 3 1. 500, 250,,,,,,,,,,, 2. 10, 10, 10,,,, 10 3. 30,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,, 150, 5, 5, 2448 1 200250,,,,, 458,,,,,
, 2,,, 30% 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, 459
460,,,,,,,,,, 1. :,, 1015 2. :,,,,, 3. :,,, 4. :,,,, 1. : 36, 2, 3,,,, 2. : 1/ 21, 2,,,
3. : 36, 2,,,, 4. : 1/ 21, 2,,,, 1. : 0.050.1 /,, 1 1, 2. : 400,, 1 1 3. : 50, 3, 3 1, 4. :,, 1. 30, 15, 10,, 1, 2. 15, 15, 20, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 0.3 ( ), 30, 1,, 20 : 7, 1,,,, 461
462 3. 6, 9, 7.5, 15,,,, 500,,, 2, 46 1. 20, 150,,, 12 2.,, 3. 500, 500,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,, 20% 25%,,,, 1. :, 1,,,,,,, 24 2. :,,, 3. : 10, 6,,, (), 463
464,,,,,, 1. : 0.51 ; 34, 2, ; 0.030.04 /,, 1, 1030, 5 ; 2. :, ;, 3. : 80% Ach ; T, TB B,,, 3 1. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : :
2. :,,,,,,,,,,, : : 3. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, : 1. :, 5, 1015, 2030, 60, 3 6 1 1, 5, 15, 23,,,,,, 2. :, 510 ( 12 / ),, 3. :,, 5, 465
466, 4. :, 1. 15, 12, 10, 5,, 1 2. 12, 10, 6, 5,, 1 3. 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 30, 15, 12, 10, 12,, 1 1. 1, 40, 30, 3, 3,,,, 2. 1 ( 500800 ),, 60,,,,, 1, 60,,,,, 1 3. 1, 100, 6, 3, 6,,,,,,
,,,,, ( ),,,,, B,,,, 6 5 12, 34,,,,, 467
468 1. :, 3840,,,, 2. :, 3, 20,, 3., 4. :,,,,,,,,, X, 4 1. :,,,, :, : 2. :,,,,,,, :, : 3. :,,,,,
:, : 4. :,,,,,,,, :, :,,,,,, 1. 30, 6, 6, 3,,, 1 2. 10, 10, 6, 6, 6,, 3, 1 3. 15, 15, 10, 10, 10, 1,, 1. 1, 500,,,, 1, 2. 10, 10, 15, 3,,, 1 469
470 3. 200, 100, 30,, 15,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
( ),,,,, 39 40,,,,,,,,,,, 1, ;,, 2 1. :,,,,,, :, : 2. :,,,,,,, 471
472 :,, : 38.5, 10 /, 5 10 /, 2,, ( ) 1. 2430, 1215,, 1, 2 2. 9,, 2 6,, 1 3. 3, 9, 3, 6, 9,, 1 1. 46,,,,,, 4 1, 2, 23 2. 6, 25,,,, 3. 100, 50, 15, 50,
3,, 20,,,,, 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 473
:,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 10% 1,, 2 1. :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 474 : : 2. :,,,,,,,
,,,,, :, : 1. :,,, B C 2. : (1) : 2% (2) ( 10 / 2 ) 1. 30, 30, 20, 5, 2,,, 2 2. 15, 15, 6, 6,,, 3. 15, 10, 10,,, 5 1. 10, 30,,,, 2. 100,, 23, 45 3., 30, 2,, 475
476,, 35,, 13, 34, 1%,,,,,,, 1,,, 35,,,,,,,,,,, 13
, 6, 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 1. :,,,,,,,,, : : 2. :,,,,, : : 3. :,,,,,,, 477
478 : : 1. :,, 1,, 10%, 1, 10, 10 1 2. :, B C 3. :,,,,, 4. : 1% 4%, ; 1.,,, 1 2. 5,,, 2 45
3. 15, 9,, 1, 2 1. 250,,,, 1 2. 15, 15, 30, 30,,, 1 3. 15, 30, 30,,, 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 479
480, E,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2, 30
1., 68,, 2.,, 1.,, 2., 3., 1. 100,,,,,,, 2. 60, 15,,,, ( ),,, 37 3. 50, 20, 5,, 500,,, 1, 3,,,,, 481
482,,,,,,,,