2000 Tel 82316285 82317634 Mail liuxd@buaa.edu.cn
1 CPU
2 CPU 7 72 A B 85 15
3 1/2 M301 2~17 : 3/4 1/2 323 IBM PC
1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3.
1.1 Hardware Software
1.2 M3 M2 M1
1.2 M3 M1 M2 M2 M1 M1 M1
1.2 M3 M1 M2 M2 M1 M1 M1 M0
1.3 Data Processing ( ) Data Storage Data Movement Control
1.3 ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit Registers DataPath MIPS Millions of Instructuions Per Second SPEC System Performance Evaluation Cooperative SPECint 2000 SPECfp 2000
1.3 bit, Byte, Word
1.3 Instruction Register Instruction Decoder Program Counter Clock Timer Sequencing Logic Control Signal Generator or Control Memory CPU Central Process Unit
1.3
1.4 ISA---Industry Standard Architecture EISA----Extended ISA PCI----Peripheral Connection Interface ( ) SCSI----Small Computer System Interface( )
1.4
1.4 1946 IAS, 1952
1.4 PC PC/XT
1.4 PC Pentium Pentium CPU Cache LAN Adapter SCSI IDE PCI Slots Main memory 32/64 CPU Local Bus Local Bus to PCI Bus bridge PCI Bus PCI to ISA bridge ISA Bus ISA Slots ISA adapter
1.4 Sun SPARCstation20 RISC SuperSPARC MBus Module Floating-point Unit Integer Unit L2 Cache MBus DRAM Controller Inst Cache Ref MMU Bus Interface Data Cache Store Buffer L64852 SBus SBus DMA SBus Cards MBus control M-S Adapter SCSI Ethernet STDIO serial kbd mouse audio RTC Floppy
2.1 11010101 10000100 01010001 10100000 Program Counter
Example Y=ax 2 +bx-c a,b,c,x y 16 Opcode Address 8 8 ADD 00H AC (AC) Mem(Add) LD SUB MUL ST 01H 02H 03H 04H AC Mem(Add) AC (AC) Mem(Add) AC (AC) Mem(Add) Mem(Add) (AC) 00H 02H 04H 06H 08H 0AH 0CH 0EH y 10H a 12H b 14H c 16H x 18H
Example Y=ax 2 +bx-c a,b,c,x y ADD 00H AC (AC) Mem(Add) LD 01H AC Mem(Add) SUB 02H AC (AC) Mem(Add) MUL 03H AC (AC) Mem(Add) ST 04H Mem(Add) (AC) LD a 0112H AC a MUL x 0318H AC ax ADD b 0014H AC ax + b MUL x 0318H AC ax 2 +bx SUB c 0216H AC ax 2 + bx - c ST y 0410H Mem (AC) 00H 02H 04H 06H 08H 0AH 0CH 0EH y 10H a 12H b 14H c 16H x 18H
Example PC 00H PC 02H PC 04H PC 06H PC 08H PC 0AH LD a 0112H AC a MUL x 0318H AC ax ADD b 0014H AC ax + b MUL x 0318H AC ax 2 +bx SUB c 0216H AC ax 2 + bx - c ST y 0410H Mem (AC) 0112H 0318H 0014H 0318H 0216H 0410H y a b c x 00H 02H 04H 06H 08H 0AH 0CH 0EH 10H 12H 14H 16H 18H
1 Q B Q D Q AC Q D AND AC + B AC A B AND ALU ADD Ctrl Q A Q D Q B Q D A B AC + B AC
2 AC PC MBR A ALU GR B ID IR AC ALU A,B GR IR ID PC MAR MBR MAR
3 ENIAC 1946 ENIAC ON OFF 170 30 140 18000 5000