2012 25 6 703 711 Forest Research 1001-1498 2012 06-0703-09 1 2 2* 2 1 1. 860000 2. 860000 DCCA Quercus aquifolioides 1 2 > > 3 4 - DCCA 48 4 DCCA S718. 54 A Pattern of Plant Species Diversity of Quercus aquifolioides Community in Southeast Tibet China WANG Guo-yan 1 2 LUO Jian 2 XU A-sheng 2 LU Chuang 1 1. Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College Nyingchi 860000 Tibet China 2. Research Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology Nyingchi 860000 Tibet China Abstract The special topographic and climate conditions of Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains gestate a rich forest resource and plant and animal diversity in southeast Tibet. Through plot investigation the species diversity and spatial distribution of Quercus aquifolioides community in southeast Tibet were studied using diversity index and detrended canonical correspondence analysis DCCA combining with specific association interspecific covariation and systematic cluster analysis. The results indicated that 1 The species richness decreased with the raise of altitude but a certain degree of human disturbance i. e. moderate disturbance higher canopy density and lower canopy layer usually increased the species diversity. In addition the pattern of species diversity was influenced by the microclimate of dry valley. 2 The species diversities of different layers in the community appeared as herb layer > shrub layer > tree layer. 3 Theoretically the higher ratios of positive and negative association implied the more stable community structure and the ecological habits and distributional differences among species of Q. aquifolioides community formed different interspecific relationship. Moreover the distribution of species was mainly affected by altitudinal gradient and annual precipitation. 4 According to the outcomes of DCCA specific association interspecific covariation and systematic cluster analysis the main populations of Q. aquifolioides community could be divided into four ecological species groups it helps to understanding the local community structure and plant ecological habits and further studying on the community succession conservation and utilization. Key words Southeast Tibet Quercus aquifolioides species diversity DCCA 1-4 6 5 2011-12-15 31260147 30860026. 1983 * E-mail luojian-sh@ sohu. com
704 25 Quercus aquifolioides Rehd. et Wils. Picea likiangensis var. linzhiensis Cheng et L. K. Fu Desmodium elegans DC. Leptodermis potaninii var. 7 glauca Diels H. Winkl. L. purdomii 7-8 Hutch. Berberis hemsleyana Ahrendt 9-11 Populus davidiana Dode Rosa sericea 11-13 Lindl. Cotoneaster microphyllus Wall. & Lindl. var. cochleatus Franch. Rehd. & 14 Wils. Lonicera inconspicua Batal. Potentilla fruticosa L. 1 29 33' 30 00' N 94 19' 94 53' E 3 000 georgei var. smithii Cheng et L. K. Fu Drynaria sinica Diels Thalictrum alpinum L. Leibnitzia nepalensis Kunze Kitam. Potentilla Griffithii Hook. f. Salvia roborowskii Maxim. 3 800 m Triplostegia glandulifera Wall. ex DC Stipa capillacea Keng Chamaesium paradoxum Wolff Aster souliei Franch. Orinus thoroldii Stapf Bor Smilax menispermoidea A. DC. Clematis montana Buch. -Ham. et DC. - 1. 8 1-7. 8 2 7 9. 8 800. 0 mm 64% 2. 1 60 cm 15 Pinus densata Mast. 9 3 000 3 800 m Betula utilis D. Don 16 P. armandi Franch. Hippophae rhamnoides L. Abies 20 m 13 17 5 200 m 2 20 m 1 9
6 705 1 2 16. 56 7 8. 28 1 83. 21 3 13. 17 8 5. 61 4 12. 39 5 9. 78 11 5. 33 16 3. 67 6 9. 13 12 5. 03 30 1. 83 9 5. 21 13 4. 65 49 1. 00 10 5. 12 14 4. 41 15 4. 00 21 3. 93 17 3. 62 24 3. 10 18 3. 58 26 2. 57 19 3. 57 27 2. 20 20 3. 21 28 2. 20 22 3. 00 29 2. 07 23 2. 81 32 2. 05 25 2. 40 33 2. 00 31 1. 93 34 1. 73 38 1. 41 35 1. 54 39 1. 32 36 1. 48 40 1. 25 37 1. 39 44 1. 14 41 1. 38 45 1. 13 42 1. 22 46 1. 04 43 1. 17 47 1. 03 48 1. 07 Rhododendron wardii W. W. Smith Berberis johannis Ahrendt Lonicera microphylla Willd. ex Roem. et Schult. Elsholtzia fruticosa D. Don Rehd. Cotoneaster multiflorus Bge. Ribes glaciale Wall. Rosa macrophylla Lindl var. glandulifera Yü et Ku Lonicera webbiana Wall. & DC. Ribes himalense Royle ex Decne. Lonicera lanceolata Wall. Sorbus rehderiana Koehne Rosa omeiensis Rolfe Viola szetchwanensis W Beck. et H. de Boiss. var. nudicaulis W. Beck. Ligularia myriocephala Ling ex S. W. Liu Polygonum nepalense Meisn. Ligularia tsangchanensis Franch. Hand. -Mazz. Circaea alpine Linn. Viola szetschwanensis W. Beck. et H. de Boiss. Geranium wilfordii Maxim. Poa chalarantha Keng ex L. Liu Halenia elliptica D. Don var. elliptica Elymus nutans Griseb. Dryopteris silaensis Ching Pteris dactylina Hook. 2 17 13 /m 1 / / 1 2 3 /mm 4 /m Q1 3 025 87 25 1 3 792. 5 4 2. 2 0. 4 Q2 3 050 82 1 0 6 823. 8 3 14. 6 0. 6 Q3 3 053 164 1 1 5 767. 9 3 4. 9 0. 6 Q4 3 060 149 10 2 5 824. 8 2 10. 7 0. 8 Q5 3 065 162 39 1 2 785. 6 2 6. 1 0. 6 Q6 3 087 152 10 1 3 770. 0 5 4. 6 0. 8 Q7 3 104 109 15 2 6 785. 6 0 24 0. 7 Q8 3 112 139 29 3 1 792. 8 2 3. 5 0. 6 Q9 3 330 110 42 2 4 823. 7 3 11 0. 9 Q10 3 401 135 24 2 2 823. 0 1 5. 5 0. 6 Q11 3 420 59 37 3 5 823. 0 3 19 0. 6 Q12 3 729 118 28. 5 1 3 549. 7 3 4. 5 0. 9 Q13 3 774 73 5 1 3 546. 9 3 3. 6 0. 8 1 18. 2 19. 3 16 20 4 21.
706 25 44 Q13 0. 88 Q1 Q4 Q6 Q12 Simpson /Shannon-Win- ner 0. 98 /3. 78 0. 92 /3. 79 0. 95 /3. 53 0. 92 /3. 52 4 5 5 2 m 2 m 1 m 1 m 2. 2 = + + /3 = + + /3 Simpson D Shannon-Winner H Pielou J 22 160 1 49 1 DCCA Detrended Canonical Correspondence Analysis 49 65 0 1 Q5 Q11 Simpson /Shannon- 2 2 Visual Foxpro 6. 0 Winner 0. 8 /2. 68 0. 74 /2. 24 Yates X 2 Q5 23-24 49 Q11 SPSS 16. 0 25 Spearman Q2 26-29 65 44 Simpson DPS 6. 0 30 0. 92 0. 77 29 31 Shannon-Winner 3 2 CANOCO 4. 5 32 DC- CA 29 33 17 3 3. 1. 2 群落层次间多样性的比较 3. 1 3 4 3. 1. 1 不同样地物种多样性的比较 Simpson Shannon-Winner 160 41 106 Compositae Rosaceae 20 18 2 Simpson D Shannon-Winner H Pielou J Q10 Q2 Q2 2 > > Q10
6 707 Q2 3 4
708 25 3. 2 X 2 5 0 1 X 2 6 1 6 Spearman Spearman 49 1 176 65 1 65 1 > 34-80% 35 5 X 2 Spearman 2 28 11 12 13 48 12 21 40 35 31 35 23 8 9 6 15 11 20 10 1 27 3. 3 49 31 36 6 12. 1 6 4 1 3. 4-2 DCCA 2 4 29 6 8 9
6 709 DCCA 33 7 Ele Cand Slop Posi Soiw Anpr Asp Antd 7 - DCCA 33 37 2 4 4. 1 38 2 39-17 > > 40 3 0. 828 4-0. 909 7DCCA 0. 434 3-0. 553 1DCCA Q2 38 30 Simpson Simpson 6 22 28 7 4 Simpson 8 41 9 11 12 13 5 4. 2
710 25 34-35 - DCCA 35 48 - DCCA 48 4 23 35 40 A 2 4 23 37 7 3 025 11 3 112 m B 6 8 20 9 11 12 13 15 21 5 24 26 29 2732 33 36 41 42 49 3 729 3 774 m P < 0. 01 C 23 31 34 35 40 6 43 44 45 3 330 3 400 m 2 2 26 D 3 14 16 17 18 X 2 19 20 22 25 28 30 538 39 46 47 48 2 2 5 10 27 DCCA 4. 3
6 711 1995 3 268-277 1 Donoghue M J. A phylogenetic perspective on the distribution of plant diversity J. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2008 105 Supplement 1 11549-11555 2 Currie D J. Energy and large-scale patterns of animal and plant species richness J. American Naturalist 1991 137 27-49 3 Sastre P Lobo J M. Taxonomist survey biases and the unveiling of biodiversity patterns J. Biological Conservation 2009 142 2 462-467 23. J. 2004 12 2 114-119 24. Ⅰ. J. 1985 4 274-285 25. J. 2009 29 8 4179-4186 26. 4. J. 2004 J. 2005 4 27-34 15 3 367-371 27 Ludwig J A Reynolds J F. Statistical Ecology A Primer on Methods and Computing M. Canada Wiley-Interscience 1988 1 5. J. 2004 1 20-28 28 Kim J H Kuen K H. Analysis of inter-species association and covariation in a natural deciduous forest J. Journal of Korean For- 6. J. 2004 10 1888-1894 estry Society 1991 80 4 360-368 7. M. 29. 2005 650-660 8 Li J Q Guo Y S Francois R. Environmental heterogeneity and population variability of sclerophyllous oaks Quercus Sec. suber in J. 2006 26 4 1063-1072 30. DPS M. 2006 east Himalayan region J. Forestry Studies in China 2000 2 1 31. J. 1-15 2004 24 8 1457-1461 9. 32. C / /. J. 2007 5. 510-522 1995 303-317 33. 10. J. 2002 26 J. 2003 18 6 884-890 52-56 11. - J. 34. 1990 14 3 43-48 J. 2006 25 3 295-298 12. 35. J. 1995 18 1 94-98 J. 2000 24 3 332 13. - 339 J. 1998 40 8 761-767 36 Garcia-Abad J J Malpica J A Alonso M C. Detecting plant spatial 14. J. patterns using multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis in rural 2008 2 23-29 landscapes in Central Iberian Peninsula J. Landscape and Ur- 15. M. ban Planning 2010 95 3 138-150 1995 1-41 16. M. 1984 112-202 37. DCCA J. 2006 6 1588-1593 38 Wischnewski J Mackay A W Appleby P G et al. Modest diatom 17. responses to regional warming on the southeast Tibetan Plateau during J. 2011 24 3 292-299 the last two centuries J. Journal of Paleolimnology 2011 46 18. 1-13 J. 2007 31 5 814-824 19. M. 2002 425-460 39. J. 20.. 2008 5 1-6 J. 2006 4 11-14 40. 21. Ⅴ J. J. 2004 24 12 2932-2939 1996 3 53-61 22. 41. Ⅱ J. J. 2005 6 819-822