9 4 2009 8 http://www.paper.edu.c Joural of Traffc ad Trasportato Egeerg Vol19 No14 Aug. 2009 :167121637 (2009) 0420092206 1,2 1,,2 1, (11, 200135 ; 21,200082) :, 4, : ; ;, : ; ; ; :U692. 2 :A Isttutoal evoluto mechasm of shppg orgazato based o trasacto cost CH EN J2hog 1,2, ZH EN Hog 1,2, ZON G Be2hua 1 (1. School of Trasport ad Commucatos, Shagha Martme Uversty, Shagha 200135, Cha ; 2. Shagha Iteratoal Shppg Isttute, Shagha 200082, Cha) Abstract : I order to aalyze t he sttutoal evoluto process of teratoal shppg orgazato, four kds of typcal forms, such as ler coferece, dscusso agreemet, cosortum, strategc allace, ad t he evoluto mechasm of terato al shppg orgazato were st uded. stt uto al patters of duced chage ad madatory chage fo r shppg orgazato s were compared based o trasacto cost t heory. Aalyss result dcates that trasacto cost s exst t he processes of formulato ad chage of shppg orgazato. Co st marg, f rcto cost as well as opport uty cost are t he specfc forms of trasacto cost t s evoluto process. Because of t rasacto co st s, shppg orgazato stt uto s o 2equlbrum, ad t s develop met volves a chagg ad o 2equlbrum p rocess. 3 tabs, 16 ref s. Key words : traffc trasportato ; shppg orgazato ; trasacto cost ; evoluto mechasm Author resumes : C H EN J 2ho g ( 19812), male, doctoral st udet, + 8622126585385028038, cxjh2004 @163. com ; ZH EN Hog (19582), male, professor, + 86221238820907, shzhehog @ gmal. com. Two 0,, :2009203218 : (2007329810060) : (19812),,,, : (19582),,, 转载
http://www.paper.edu.c 4,: 93 [1 ],,, Slackc [2 ] Dg ( FMCDM) [3 ] ; [ 425 ],,, [6 ],, 1 [628 ] Coase [ 6 ],, [ 7 ],, :,, ;, ; [ 6 ], :, ;,,,, :I = { 1,, }, I, v, v ( S) v( T) I S T, [ 6 ] v ( S T) v ( S) + v ( T) (1), (1) { I, v} [9 ] 2 2. 1 (Ler Coferece or Coferece) (Dscusso Agree2 met s) (1), ( Cosortum) ( Strategc Allaces) 2. 2 [627 ],, 1 Tab. 1 Forms of teratoal shppg orgazatos 1875,, 20 80 20 70 20 90, Coase Coase ( ),, l (, 2,, ) y, y = y ( ) p, p [9210 ], p = p ( y) p = D - 1 ( q) = a - by = a - b y (2) = a - bq : a b 2 ; D ( q) ; q ; D - 1 ( q) l () w, l r
http://www.paper.edu.c 94 2009, r = y p ( y) - w y (3) j { 1,2,, }, { 1,2,, },j, (3) r = y a - b( y + y j ) - w y (4) l y l j y 3 j ( j ), y 3 j l j, [9 ], l max r = - by 2 + a - b y j - w y j (5) (5), 5 r = 0, 5 y - 2by + a - b y j - w = 0 l y 3 y 3 r 3 y 3 = a - b y j - w / 2b (6) (5), l = a - b r 3 (6) (7) y 3 r 3 y j - w / 4b (7),, [829 ] R = Y P ( Y) - W Y = Y ( a - by) - W Y = - by 2 + ( a - W ) Y (8) : R ; Y ; W ; P( Y) P (8) Y 3 R 3 = ( a - W ) / 2b = ( a - W ) / 4b : R 3 ; Y 3, y Y 3 r R 3,,,,,,,,,, [9 ],, ( ),,,20 /, C KYH 3 [11213 ],,, Coase,, [627 ],,,, 3 3. 1 Nort h,,, [7,14 ],,,, :,
http://www.paper.edu.c 4,: 95, ;, (1),, (2) (3), 3. 2 3. 2. 1 2 [15 ], ( ),,,, CC,, [14 ] V, max V = max E( X - S ) = max ( X - S ) (9) u ( S ) - C0 (10) u ( S ) - C u ( S ) - C (11) : S () ; X ; E ( X - S ) ;( S ) S (10), (11), [14215 ] ( ) (), = ( X - S ) - C- C- C- u( S ) ( - u ( S ) - ) (12) (12) 5 =, 5 = - 5 C 5 C (+ ) (13) : (10) (11),, d d [14215 ] d v = ( X - S ) d + (+ ) u( S ) d (14) d v = - u( S ) d (15) (14) (15),,,,,,,, [14215 ],,,, 3. 2. 2,,,,,, [14215 ],, [14215 ] S 3, S 3, S - f [14216 ] u( S - - f ) = E[ u( S 3 ) ] (16),,, S - - f, S 3,,, S 3 [14215 ],
http://www.paper.edu.c 96 2009 () ( ),, 3. 2. 3 [627 ],,,,: ;,,, Coase,Coase [ 627 ] 3. 3, [16 ] () ;,,,19,,,,( ),,, 1998 [ 12 ], 2008, 4056/ 86,, 2 2 Tab. 2 Patters of sttutoal chages for shppg orgazatos ; ; ; ; 4, [10 ],, [16 ],,,, [16 ] 2,, 2,,, (3) 3 Tab. 3 No2equlbrum of shppg orgazato sttuto,, ;, ; ;, ;,, ; ; ;, ;,;;,
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