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檨檨檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨 檨檨檨 檨檨檨 檨檨檨 檨檨檨 檨檨檨 檨檨檨 櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔 櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔,

3 1, 2 3 4,, 5, 6,,? 1

4 2 19 19

5 19 19 20 3,,,,, [1],,, A B C D,,

6,, C,,, [2], A B C D,,,, D,, ;, [3] A B C D,, C 1, A, B, C, D 2 A B C D 3, A B C D 4 A B C D

7 5 A C B D 6, A B C D, 7, A B C D 819, A C B D 9 A20 30 B1944 DNA C1953DNA D1988, 10,,, A C B D 11 2400,, A B C D 12, A B C D 13, A, B,

8 C,, D,,, 14,, 1865,, 1900, 1944, DNA 1953, DNA, 20, 20006,,, 21 (1)20, (19 ) (2)1900,, (3)DNA, (4), % ( ), 1D A, ;B, ;C, 2C,,, 3B

9,, 4C,,, 5C,,, 6D,, 7C 8B 19,, 9C 10B, 11A,, 12C, 13B,,, ( ), 14 (1) (2)(3)(4) 1 26383~ 39114 櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔 1, ;,,,,, 2,,,,, 3,,, 4

10 (1) ( ), (2),, (3),, ( ) (4),,,,, 5 (1),,,,,, (2),,,, ; ;,,,, ; ;,, 14,,, :

11 檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨 5 檨檨檨檨檨檨 2 1 1 234 56, 檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨 7 檨檨檨檨檨 6 檨檨檨 7 4 3

12 > : : :,? ( ),,, 11

13 11, DNA RNA,,,DNA RNA, 7, ( ), :, ;, 1 80, 1997,, 100,

14,,,,, 21, 1997222,,,, : ;, ;, ;, DNA DNA, 4000 ; 2013 2019 2020 DNA DNA,, 200 ;, (AAT), 10AAT, 2500, 2~3,

15 PHP, 50 ; GTC Ⅱ, 5, 2025, 20% [4],, A B C D,,,,,,,,, C, [5] 1997,, A RNA B RNA DNA C D,, (HIV), RNA C,, [6] 1,2,3,4,5,6, 7, A 1367 B 2456 C 1235 D 1357, A,

16,, 1 A B C D 2 A B C D 3 A B C D 4, A B C D 5,,, A B C D 6 A B C D 7, A B C D 8 1 2 3 4 A 12234 B 21223 C 12433 D 12132 95000,, A B C D 10, A

17 B C D 11, 1 2 3 4 5 A5 B135 C15 D35 12 200, 1 2 3 4 5 6 A1235 B23456 C1236 D2346 13,, 14 : ( DNA) DNA;, DNA, λ 1, 2, λ DNA (Ecoli), EcoliDNA, λ Ecoli,λ 3 Ecoli ;Ecoli 4, DNA 5, Ecoli 6,λ, Ecoli, Ecoli, Ecoli (1) : 1 ;2 ;3 ;4 ;5 ;6 (2), (3),, 1D A C, ;B, 2C,,,, 3C 4A

18,,,,, 5 C,, 6D A, ;B ;C, 7B 8B, ;, ; 9D, 5000,, 10D,, 11B, ;,, ; 12C 1 2 3 6 ;4 ;5 13 14 (1)1 23DNA 4ATP 5 DNA mrna 6 (2) : ; ; :, ( ATP) (3) DNA ;,

19 檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨檨檨 檨檨 檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨 檨檨檨 檨檨檨 檨檨檨

20 1 櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔 1 20 2 (%) O C H N P S 65 18 10 3 1.4 0.3 3 :C :C H O N :C H O N P S 3 : C H O N P S K Ca Mg : :, Fe Mn Zn Cu B Mo, Fe, 4 (1), (2), (3),,

21, ( 12), 78%, 21%, CO2, O486% Si2630% Al773% Fe475%, 12 ( %) 5 6 (1), : 13 (2) 13, B

22 7 (1) : (2) :,,C H N, 73%,, 1% 1%~15% 1%~15% 1%~2% 14 1 ( 14) 7%~10% 2 H O ; ; :Na + K +,CaCO3 ;, Ca 2+ Mg 2+ K Na Ca Fe Fe 2+ Fe 3+ ;, : SO 2-4 Cl - PO 3-4 HCO 3 - C H O

23 C H O, N P C H O,, N;, S P, Fe Cu Mn I Zn C H O N P, (DNA), (RNA) 3 C5H10O5 C5H10O4 C6H12O6 C12H22O11 (C6H10O5) n 4 (1) : 20

24 (2) ( 15): R H 檨檨 R C COOH 檨檨 NH2 15 (3) :R (4) :, R 5 (1) : ( 16 ),, H H H NH2 C CO OH H NH C COOH + +NH2 C COOH 檨檨 檨檨 R 檨檨 檨檨 檨檨檨檨 R 2 H H H NH2 C CO NH C CO NH C COOH+n-1H2O R 1 1 H2 O 檨檨檨檨 R 2 檨檨檨檨 Rn 檨檨 檨檨 R n 16,, NH CO 3 3,, (2) :, (3)

25 m m-1 m-1 m-1 1 n m m-n m-n m-n n 1 n (4) : ; ;,, ;, 1, : 2, : 3, : 4,,, 6,, (1) :1 =1 +1 +1 (2) ( 17): 檨檨 檨檨檨 1_7

26 (3) : 1 : { 2 : : A T G C { : A U G C 7 DNA DNA,, ;DNA ; ; RNA RNA RNA rrna 8,,,, [1],,,,,,, 150, A B C D,,,,,,,,

27, D,, [2] A B C D,, 80%~90% D [3] A B C D,, C, [4], 1, 1 NH2 CH 2COOH 2 NH2 CH 2CH2 OH 3 NH2CH CH 2COOH 4 NH2CH CH 2COOH COOH NH 2 5 NH2CH (CH2) 4 NH COOH 2 A2 2 2 B3 3 2 C4 3 3 D3 4 2, R NH 2C COOH, :2,4, H

28 α_, 1 3 5 1, : NH2- CH2- CO- NH- CH CH2 CO NH CH CH24 NH2 檨檨 CH2 COOH COOH, : 2 ; 2 ; 2( ) A 檨檨, 20 [5] A B C D,, O2 DNA, RNA D [6] DNA RNA, DNARNA, RNADNA A B C D, DNA RNA, DNA RNA,A BD C [7]

29 1 2 3 4 5 A124 B123 C345 D135 (20 ), (A T G C U ), (20),,, D 1 09%, 09%,, A B C D 2 R, A B C D 3 1 2C H O N 3 4 5 A12345 B 21435 C21354 D21345 4 DNA A B C D 5,, A B C D DNA 6, A B C D 7,,

30,, A B Na + C K + D Na + K + 8 A B C D 9, A B C D, 10, A B C D 11 A B C D 12, A C H O B Cn(H2O) m C D 13, C H O, A B C D 14 A C B D 15, C63H103O18N17S2 A63 B62 C17 D16 16, A ( NH2) B ( COOH)

31 C D 17 A C B D 18, A B C D 19 ( Na + 100): Na + K + Ca 2+ Mg 2+ Cl - 100 350 390 1210 18100 100 680 310 070 12900 : (1),, (2),, 20, : H H C COOH NH 2 H CH 3 C COOH NH 2 H HO CH 2 C COOH NH 2 (1) R (2),,, (3) : (4),,,, 21, C55H70O19N10,, : CH2COOH NH 2 (C2H5NO2) CH3CHCOOH NH 2 (C3H7NO2)

32 師 帪 CH 2CH COOH NH 2 師 (C9H11NO2) CH2CH2 CHCOOH COOH NH 2 (C5H9NO4) (1) (2),,,, ( ) (3), X,, 1D 2B R,, 3D C H O N,, 4B DNA, N 5B A,,,, ;C,, ;D, DNA RNA 6D 7D, Na + K +, Na + K +, 8C, 9B, 955%, ;,, ;, 10B, 11D 12A C H O,,, :Cn(H2O) m, CH3COOH C2(H2O) 2,, C H O, C H O 13C,C H O, 14D

33 15D 17, =17-1=16 16C ( NH2) ( H), ( COOH) ( OH) 17D, 18D R 19(1)NaCl (Na + Cl - ) (2) 20(1) H CH3 CH2 OH (2)27 6 H CH 3 CH2 OH (3) NH 2C CO NH C CO NH CCOOH H H H (4)DNA 21(1)(2)9 4 3 a b c d, :C :2a+3b+9c+5d=55; H :5a+7b+11c+9d=70+(a+b+c+d-1) 2;O :2a+2b+2c+4d=19 +(a+b+c+d-1) 1;N :a+b+c+d=10, a=1,b=2,c= 3,d=4 (3) 櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔,,,,, ;, ;,, 1 幈 帲幇 幈帲幇, : C6H12O6 幈帲幇 C12H22O11 幈帲幇 ( C6H10O5) n 2 + 幈 帲幇

34 3 幈帲帲帲帲帲幇 幈帲帲帲帲帲帲幇 4 + 幈 帲幇 + 幈 帲幇 幈帲幇,,,,,, 18 1_8,

35 19 19 1, 2,, 3, 4,,,

36,,,,,, 4 (A T G C), 4 (A U G C),DNA RNA 3 (A G C), (T U), DNA RNA 5 G C T U DNA,RNA,, DNA 4 RNA 4,, 4, 8

37 C H O N; C H O N P S P, Fe Cu Mn I Zn (,, ) (DNA) (, ) (RNA), ;,, ;,,, ;, ;,,, [8], / A B C D,,,,,, ; C, [9] A B C DCO2 H2O,,, CO2 H2O :,, CO2 H2O C [10] 109, NH2 COOH A110 110 B109 109 C9 9 D1 1 ( NH2 )

38 ( COOH), R,,,,, NH2 COOH 11 D NH2 COOH 11, [11], A G C T A4 B5 C7 D8 (DNA) (RNA) DNA, ( A) ( G) ( C) ( T) RNA, ( A) ( G) ( C) ( U) A G C T,, C [12] 110, 110 (1) (2), (3), (4),, (1) 2 ( NH2)2 ( COOH) (2) R, 2

39 46R,, 3 O H (3), ( C N ), 35, ( COOH) ( OH), ( NH2) ( H), OH H (4),,, RNA 35 (1)22 (2)3 24 6 (3)3 2 (4) RNA,,, NH2 COOH R 1 1 (%) 97 80~85 78 65 90 60~80 2 (%) 10 22 76 79 83 84 1 2 3 4 A1234 B123 C12 D1 2 AI Fe Mg BCu Mg I CI Mg Fe D Fe Mg I 3 C6H12O6,10

40 A C60H120O60 B C60H102O51 C C60H100O50 D C60H112O51 4 ( ),, A,, B, C, D, 5, A C H, B C H, C C H, D C H, 6 4 R CH2 SH CH2 COOH CH2 CH2 OH CH2 CO NH2, A4 4 4 B5 5 4 C2 2 3 D3 3 3 7 :NH2 CH 2COOH NH2 CH 2CH2 OH COOH NH 2 NH2CH CH 2CH 2COOH CH2CH CH 2COOH,, A B C D 8 A B C D 9, A B C D 10 ADNA RNA BDNA RNA CDNA,RNA DDNA,RNA 11 DNA AC H O BC H O N CC H O N P DC H O N P S 12,

41,, A B C D 13,, A, B, C D 14, A : C 92.393%,O 3.518%,N 2.754%,H 1.214%,S 0. 006%,Fe 0.006% B, 35 S C, D,, 15, 7% ~10%, 1%~1.5%,1% ~2%; 1775kJ/g,1715kJ/g,389kJ/g, A B C D 16, A B C D 17 m, 20, Am B20m C20 m Dm 20 18 20 a, n, b, A(b-18n)/(a-18n) B(b an)/(a-18)

42 C(b-18n)/(a-18) D(b-an)/18 19 111, ( 150) 111 20,20 (%), (78%), (21%), CO2 O 4443 1462, C 4357 5599 O (486%) Si (2630%) H 624 746 Al(773%) Fe(475%) N 146 933 (1) K 092 109, Ca 023 467, P 020 311 (2) H O Mg 018 016 S 017 078, (3) K +, (4),,,,, 21, C H O, 1B, 2A I ;

43 Fe;Mg 3B 10 9,, H 12 10-2 9=102,O 6 10-1 9=51 4A, ( ) 5A C H O C H O 75% 12% 13%, C H O 44% 6% 50%, C H,O,,O2 H H2O,,,H 6C 4 3 ; 1, 1,,4 R 1 1 7A, 1 3, 8D A C, ;B 9D,, 10C DNA, ;RNA, 11A, C H O ;, C H O N ;, C H O ;DNA C H O N P 12B 13A,,, 14D 15D,,,,,, 16A B,, ;C,, ;D, 17C,, 20 m 18B x,(x+n)a=b+18x,x=(b-an)/(a-18) 19A ;B ;C ;D 20(1)

44 (2)H2O (3) (4), 21 :C H O, H2O CO2,, CO2 H2O :,, ;,, H O : ; ; ; ; ; 1 2 3 4 5 6 ; 7 [1] (2001 ) A B C D,,,

45 C,,,,, [2] (2001),, A BDNA CRNA D DNA RNA, DNA RNA DNA RNA 8 D 8 [3] (2001 )112, A RNA B DNA C RNA D DNA, 112, DNA RNA, DNA,RNA A, DNA RNA [4] (2001 ), A B C D,

46,, A,,,,,, [5] (2001 ),, ( A B C D, C57 H110O6, 193 (C6H10O5) n, 167,O2 H H2O,,,, ( ), ( ) ( B ( ),,, O2 H H2O [6] (2001 ),, 126, (1) A123 C125 B124 D126 (2) A B C D (1),,,n

47 n-1, (n-2),, 126 126-2=124 (2) (1)B (2)C,,,, 1 n m =n-m 1(2003 ),IgG 4, 764, A764764 B760760 C762762 D44 2(2003 ) R C3H5O2,1 C H O N A5 9 4 1 B4 8 5 1 C5 8 4 1 D4 9 4 1 3(2003 ) 1 23 4 A12 C23 B13 D34 4(2003 ) n, A, B, A2/3AB-6B+18n B1/3AB-6B C(1/3B-A) 18 D1/3AB-(1/3B-n) 18 5(2003 ), A B C D D 6(2003 )

48 NH 2 A RCH COOH B C D 7(2002 ), A G C T A8 B7 C5 D4 8(2002 ), A C B D 9,, ;, 1, 2, 3 4, A 12 B 23 C 34 D 24 10, A B C D 11 A C H O B C H O N C H O D N P 12, A C B D 13, A B

49 C D D 14, 12 345 6 A 146 B 345 C 456 D 245 15 1000, 1020, 1050, 4 A999 1016 1046 B999 1 1 C996 24 54 D996 1016 1046 16,, A B C D 172001 3, (START), CDK( )CKI( ), CDK Cyclin( ) 4, 3 ASTART B CDK C Cyclin D CKI 18(2002 )2000 6,, 24, (1) A C B D (2) A B C

50 D (3)113,, AⅡ Ⅲ Ⅳ Y BⅡ Ⅲ Ⅳ X CⅡ Ⅲ Ⅳ X Y DⅡ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅳ X Y 113 19,, : (1) 1 ;2 ; 3 (2), (3), 20 C Vc 1D 1 1, 764 2A R (H) ( NH2) ( COOH) 3B 4D =B/3 A- (B/3-n) 18=1/3AB- (1/3B-n) 18 5ABC 6C 7B DNA RNA,DNA, A G C T,A G C T4 4 ;RNA, A G C U,A G C3 3, 7 8D,, 9D,,,, 10A C B,, ;D, 11C, H O, C H O N 12C

51 (ATP) 13A, 14C N P, N P, 5 6 15C 1000, 1020, 1050, 20 50 R,, 24 54 1000 4, ( )=1000-4=996 16D,, 17A START DNA,CDK CKI Cyclin 18(1)D (2)A (3)C 19(1)1 2 3 (2) (3) 20 :(1),,,, (2),, 1 2 (3)1 2mL,2 (4) 2,, t1 t2 :t1 >t2, Vc > Vc ; t1<t2, Vc < Vc ;t=t2, Vc

52 (50) 60 1,, ; ;, 1 2 3 45 A143 B112 C145 D142 2, A C B D 3 A B C D DNA 4, A C B D 5, ;, ;,09% 12 3 45 A 124 B 325 C 235 D 234 6 C1864H3012O576N468S21, A C B D 7 2,,

53 A B C R D 8 A B C D 9, A C B D 10, A, B C H O N P C D 11, A B C D 12,,, AN BP CS DP S 13, 55% ~67% 15% ~18% 10%~15% 3% ~4% 1% ~2% A C B D 14 A B C D 15,

54, A B C D C 16 123456 A361453 B364512 C531642 D536142 17 114, 45 A B C D 18,, 1g 1.07mL,30, 114 A CC6H12O6 B D 19 A C B D 20, A B C D C 21, O O NH CH C N CH 2C NCH C NCH C N CH 2C CH 3 H H CH 3 H CH 2 H SH O O O

55 A C H H CH 3CCOOH B HS CH 2CCOOH NH 2 NH 2 SH H CH 3CCOOH D H2 N C COOH NH 2 H 22, A B C D DNA 23 A B C, D 24,, A, B, C, D, 25, 1 2 34 56 A1234 C2345 (50) 26(10), : B12345 D123456 :A

56 ;B ;C ;D ( ): () (kj) () () () () 100 1502 102 351 160 186 () 53 1247 483 123 254 52, : (1), ( ) (2), ( ) (3), ( ), (4),,, 27(12) : 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 9 9 10 13 22 (1) 1 2 3, (2) 3456,, (3),, (4)6, RNA

57 (5) m, 5 4 28(18)115 4, : C H O N P 檨檨 A B C D E F G H 115 (1) E,A (2) F,A E, B,B (3) G, (4) H, 389kJ H (5) E F,E F (6)E F G H (7)C 29(10),, : ;, 1 2 3 4 5 1B,

58, ;, 2C 3A 4A,, 5B,,,,,,,,,, 09%,09% 6C P ; N S ; C H O ; 7C,C, H, R,R R, 8C 9C, :,,, 10C A, (DNA RNA);B, ;D,, 11C,, 12B N P, N P S, P S, N 13D, 14C 15A, 16D 17B, 18B H C6H12O6 H, 19B,, 20B, 21C, ( CO NH ), 22B

59, ;, ; DNA, 23A,,, ;, ;N P,Zn, 24B,, 25B 26(1)B (2)A (3)C (4) D 27(1) (2) (3)1 1 (4)20 22 (5)3m-18 3 28(1)C H O N (2)DNA 4 (3) (4) (5) (6)F[DNA] (7), F, DNA, RNA, DNA,,4 G,,,,, DNA DNA, C, 291, 2, 3, 4, 5,

檨檨 檨檨 檨檨 檨檨 檨檨 檨檨 檨檨 檨檨 檨檨 檨檨 檨檨 檨檨 檨檨 1 2 3 4 5 6 櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔

57 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔 1, 2 3,,,, μm, 75mm, 0.1~0.3μm { 1 21 22

58 21 22 ( ) ( ) 2 02μm, 23 24, 23 24

59 3 ;,,,, ;,,,,DNA RNA RNA 4 (1) :, 25 25

60 (2), 26 26 (3), 5 (1) O2 CO2 H2O K + Na + (2) 烄 烅 烆 6 ( ) DNA ( ) DNA

61 ; ; ; ( 40%) RNA(60%),,,,, 7 (27) 27 () ()

62 8 DNA

63 9 (28) 1 8400 檨檨檨 28 10 11 (1) :,, (2) :, ; ; (3) : DNA

64 (4) :,,, 12 (1μm~10μm) (10μm~100μm),,, ;, [1] 1 23 4 5 67 8 A178 B1268 C1347 D12678 ( ),, (, ) ( ) A,, 2350,, ( ), ( ) ( ),( ) ( ),

65 [2], A1 B2 C4 D8,,,,, 2 2 2=8 D :,, 4 [3] 1 2 3 4 A12 B23 C24 D124, ATP,,,, C [4] A B C, D,, :, ; :, ; ; B [5],,, A B C D

66,,,,,,,,,, C,,,,, [6] 29, 29,,, ;,,,

67,, [7] 210 RNA,,,, 210,, RNA,,,,,,

68 1 A B C D 2, A B C D 3, 100,2h, 95%, 32%, A, B, C, D, 4, A B C D, C,C A B C D 5 A B C D 6, A B C D 7, A C B D 8 DNA A B C D 9 A B

69 C D 10 A B C D 11, A B C D 12, A B C D 13, A B C D 14 A B C D 15 A B C D 16 A B C D DNA RNA 17, A B C D 18 A B C D 191958, DNA,,

70 A B DNA C DNA D DNA 20,, A C B D 21, 211 AH2O B C DK + 22 A C B D 23 : (1),, 211 (2),,,,, (3) 24, :,,, ( A), (), ( B), (), ( C), () 05μm,, ( D) () 002μm ()

71 (1) ()~() A B C D (2) 1~9 A~D 1 ~ 9 A, B, C, D 1CO2 ATP ;2, ;3 ;4 DNA;5 ;6 ATP ;7 ;8 ;9 25 :,,,,,,, : 49%; 43%; 8%, -, (1) (2) (3),, (4), (5), 26 212, :

72 212 (1) [ ], (2) [ ] (3) [ ] (4), [ ] (5), ATP [ ] [ ] [ ] (6),, [ ] (7) [ ] [ ] [ ] (8) [ ] (9), [ ] (10) [ ] [ ] [ ] 27, : 950 400 260 12500 1350 (1), (2),

73 (3) 1 A 02μm 2 C, 3 B, 4 B 5 A, 6 C,, 7 C,, 8 C, DNA 9 B, 10 B 11 D, 12 A,, 13 A, ;, 14 D, 15 D ; ; 16 B,, 17 B, 18 A, 19 B 20 B 21 D 22 D,, 23(1) (2), (3), 24(1)C (2)4 68 17 39 25(1) (2), (3), ; (4) (5) 26(1)9 (2)2 (3)6 (4)7 (5)6 9 5 (6)3 (7)6 9 4 (8)1 (9)8 (10)6 9 2 27(1),, (2),

74, (3) 櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔,,, ( 0144nm, 500, ),,,,, 213,,, 213 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

75,, 10nm, O2 CO2 H2O,,,,, 214 :

76 214,,,,,,,,, : 檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨檨 ( 215) 215

77 1,,,,,,, 2,,,,,, 70% ~80%, 216, 檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨檨檨, 檨檨檨檨

78,, : 1,, 2 (1) :,, 30,,, (2),,, 500~1000,, (,, ), 950 400 260 12500 1350 [8] ADP 1 2 3 4K + Na + A13 B24 C23 D14, :ATP 幑幐 ADP+Pi+,,ADP :,,2,3, 1 4 D [9],

79 A B C D,, D [10] 217 : (1), S (DNA, P100), (2), [ ], 217 (3), [ ], [ ] (4), [ ] (5), (6) (1)S DNA, DNA (2),,, 95% (3),, RNA,,,,,,, (4), DNA (5),,

80 (6), (1)DNA (2)1 (3)3 7(4)6 DNA (5) (6),, 1 218, A 12 B 3 C 3 D 4 2, 218 A, B C D 3 14 C,3, 14 C A B C D 4, ( 219), 219

81 A B C D 5, A B C D 6, 1 23456 7 A13 B45 C57 D26 7 A B C D 8,,, A B C D 9 220, 1 2 3 ( a ;b ;c ), A 1 B 2 C 3 D 123 10, A B C D 220 11, A, B, C DNA RNA

82 D 12,, 1 2 34 A12 B13 C24 D14 13, A B 9 C D 14 A B C D 15 A B C D 16, A,, B, C, D, 17 ( Ⅰ Ⅱ), I Ⅱ, Ⅰ 2624 2 12600 600 Ⅱ 36330 2 336000 273000 A B C D 18 CO2,, A5 B6 C7 D8 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

83 8 A12678 B23678 C24678 D23468 20 A B C D 21, A B C D 22 A, B, C, D 23 A, DNA B C, D, 24, A C B D 25 : A B C D 26 221, A, B, 221 C, D (R ), 27,,,

84 A B C D 28 A, ATP,, B, ;, C ATP, D ATP, 29,,,, A B C D 30 222, A B C D 31, 222 A B C D 32 10μm~100μm A, B C, D 33 223 :

85 K + mol L -1 mol L -1 001 050 059 004 223 (1) 1, (2),, (3), (4) 2, (5) 8mg/L, (6) 4mg/L,, 34,,,,, : (1), ( ) (2) (3), ; (4),,

86, 35 224, : (1)DNA (, ) (2)CO2, CO2, CO2 (3) (4), 224 (5) 95% (6),, 30%, 36,,, :,, ( 150) 37, A B C a~e, :a b c, a,b c,d e A B C (+: ;-: ): a b c d e A - - - - - B + + + - + C + + - + +

87 (1) A B C,A B C ;a~e (2) B [ ], [ ] 38 225, : 225 (1)C,, [ ] (2),B,5 B [ ] (3)A C 7, 1 B 2 B,, 3 B, 4 A, B,, ;C,, ;D, 5 B 6 D, 7 D 8 C DNA, 9 B 2,,,13,, 10 C, 11 D A,,,

88 ;B, ; C, DNA 12 C, ;, ;, 13 C 14 C, 15 D, 16 B 17 D, 18 B, CO2, : 19 B, 20 C 21 A, 22 A B,, ;C,, ;D,, 23 B, ( ) 24 D A,, ;B, ;C, DNA 25 C D, ;A B, 26 B 27 D 28 C 29 B 30 C,, 31 AB,, (ATP),, 32 AD,, ( ),, ;, 1/3,,, 33 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) ( 5~10mg/L, 8mg/L,

89 ) (6) ( 5mg/L,,, ) 34 (1) (2)(3)CO2 (4) CO2,, 35 (1)3 ( ) 1 2 (2)2 1 7 (3) (4)1 6 9 (5)1 2 (6) 36(1) DNA RNA, DNA RNA, (2),, (3) ;, 37(1) (2)a e 38(1) 6 (2)12345 (3), 3 檨檨 檨檨 檨檨 檨檨檨檨 檨檨 櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔 1 2 3 DNA 4 5 ; 6 7 8

90 1 2 DNA 3 4 5 ; 1 2 3 4 DNA 5 6 ; 7 8 9 櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔 1 2 檨檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨 31 2 1 1 2 226

91 20h, 1~2h,, 18~19h,, 8min 20min 226 (3) 2 227 : DNA ; : ; ;, : ; ; ;,, : ;, ;, ; : ;,, 227

92 3, ( ),,,, 4 1,, 2,,,,,, 5, 6,, 7,, 1 (1) : (2) : ( ) ( ) (3) : (4) :

93 (5) :, 2 (1) : (2) :, (3) : (4) :,,,, 3 DNA 2n 0 4n n 0 2n 4n Ⅰ 2n 4n n n 4n Ⅰ 2n 4n n n 4n Ⅰ, 2n 4n n 0 4n Ⅰ n 2n 0 0 2n Ⅰ, Ⅱ n 2n 0 0 2n Ⅱ n 2n 0 0 2n Ⅱ

94 DNA Ⅱ 2n 0 0 0 2n n 0 0 0 n Ⅱ ( ) 4 I Ⅱ 2n n, n 2n n, DNA 4n 2n, 2n n, 5,, 6 () 1 2 1 4, 1 1 +3

95 1,,,,, 2, [1] A B C D,,, B [2] 228,, A14532 C15432 B23145 D54321 228 :1, 3,, 4 5, 4, 45 5,4 :2, C

96 [3] A B C D,,,,, B,,,, [4] n A2n 2n 4n n n C2n 4n 2n n n B2n 2n n n n D2n 4n 2n 2n n,,,,,,, =, DNA C : = =2 B =2 =2 [5] 229, 229

97 A(A)(B)(C) B(B)(C)(A) C(B)(A)(C) D(C)(A)(B),(A), ;(B),, ;(C),, C [6],DNA, A B C D DNA : DNA 2n 2n 2n 4n 2n 4n 2n 4n 4n 4n 2n 2n,DNA, :DNA,?DNA,? DNA,?,, C [7], 1 2 3 4,,DNA 5, 6, 7 A123 B456 C15 D67, ;,, DNA ;, ;,

98 C [8] 230, A, : A B 230 (1), (2)B c (3) 9, DNA 32, 15, DNA (1)A, 10,, (2)B c 10,, 10,,, (3) 10,, 10,, 9, 15,, 0, DNA 32 (1)10 (2)

99 (3)32 0 32,, 1, A B C D 2,, A B C D 3, A B C D 4, DNA,, A B C D 5 231, 231 6 4, DNA A4 4 4 8 B4 4 8 16 C4 8 8 16 D4 8 16 32 7,DNA 2 1 12345 A 123 B 234 C 124 D 134 8, A C B D

100 9, A C B D 10 A B C, D 11, A C B D 12, A C B D 13, 1 2 3 4 A123 B13 C23 D1234 14, A, B C D 15, DNA A1 2 2 1 2 B1 1 1 2 1 C2 1 1 2 1 D2 1 1 1 2 16, A1 2 B 2 C1,1 D 17 A B C D 18, A B DNA

101 C DNA D 19, A B C D 20, A,, B,, C,, D,, 21, A B C D 22,, A, B, C D 23 A B, C D 24, A1 1 2 4 B1 1 1 2 C1 1 4 4 D1 1 1 1 25 A = B DNA = DNA C, =DNA D =1/2 26, 1000,, A40001000 B10004000 C1000250 D2501000

102 27, A B, 2~3, C D, 28 232,L~P 232 1L 8 2P L 3P M DNA 4P 2 A 13 B 12 C 14 D 23 29, A B C 9 D 30, A B C D 31 1 2 3 4 A 123 B 314 C 312 D 423 32, A B C D 33,, A C B D

103 34, A B C D 35 DNA A B C D 36, A B C D 37, 1 2 3 4, 5 A 12345 C 23451 B 31542 D 54321 38 A B C D 39, A C B D 40 6, A612 B63 C126 D1212 41 64, A128 B64 C32 D16 42 233, 43 1 2 3 4 5 6 233

104 A 1235 B 3456 C 56 D 1236 44 234, : (1) : (2),,, A B DNA C RNA D 234 (3) A G1 S G2 C G1 S G2 M B G2 S G1 D G2 S G1 M (4), A M B G1 CS D 45 (235) : 235 (1) (2)B D (3) D, ; C, DNA (4) A D 46 236 : (1) (2) DNA

105 (3) d (4),, (5), (6), 236,,,, (7),, 47 237 DNA A B C D 1~6 237 (1) A~D A ;B ; C ;D (2) 1~6 : (3)A 1 ~ 6 ;C, 1~6 ;A C 1 ~ 6 ;B 2N~ N D 4N~2N : (4)24, ;4 2, ;1

106 (5)5, 48, :,, : ( ) : (1),, (2) (3) (4) : : 1B 2C,,,, 3 C 4 D DNA DNA, 5 B A, ;C, ;D, 6 C,, DNA DNA 7 A DNA, DNA,DNA 2 1 8 B,,, 9 D :,,

107, ; :,, 10 D,, 11 C, :, 12 B, 13 B, 14 C 15 D, 2 ( ), 1( ), 1( ), 1( ),DNA 2 ( ) 16 B,,,, X Y 17 D,, 18 B,,, DNA, 19A,, 20 A,, ;, 21 C, 22 C,, 23 B, 24 D,,,, 25 D 26 C, 27 D 28 D 29 D 30 C,, 31 C,

108 32 D 33B,, 34 C, 35 B DNA, 36 B, 37 B ; ;, 38 B A,, ;C D, 39 A B, ;C, ;D,, 40 B,6 6 ;,,6 3 41 D 64 32 32 16 42 B 43 D 44 (1) (2)B (3)C (4)D 45 (1)4 ;4 4 6 2 (2) (3)9246 (4) 46 (1) (2)2:1 (3) ( ) (4) (5) (6) A ab b C c ABC abc (7)8 47 (1)A: DNA B: C: D: DNA (2)514326 (3) DNA 5, 3 6 :B 2N N D 4N 2N, ;B 2N N, D 4N 2N (4),, (5), 48 :(2) (3),, (4) :,, ;,

109 :, 櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔,, 1,, 2, :,, ;,, ;, G 1 S G 2 G1 S G2 1 G1 (DNA ) RNA DNA, 2S(DNA ) DNA DNA 3 G2 (DNA )

110 DNA, RNA, 1 ( ) 幑帯帯帯帯帯帯帯帯帯幐, ( ) 2 3 2n 4n 2n( 238) 238 4DNA 2n 4n 2n( 239) 239 5 6 DNA ( 240) 1 2n n 2n n 2DNA 2n 4n 2n n

111 1 ( 241) 240 檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨 241 檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨 2 ( 242) 3 DNA ( 243) 242 243 4 = 5 = 6 ( 244),,, 244

112 7,,,, 1 245 245 2,, ;,,, 3, ( 4, 5,,,

113,DNA,,,,,, DNA [9] 2, AA BB, AAA AB A B BB CAA AB BB A B BAB AB A B A B DAA BB,,,,A A,B B ;A B,A B, A B,A B,,AB AB A B A B B n, 2 n [10] 2, AA BB, A AB A B CAB A B AB A B BAB A B DAB A B AB A B,,,,A A,B B ;A B,A B, A B,A B,,AB AB A B A B,,,, 4 A B, B, A B ; A B, B, A B,, 4, AB A B AB A B, AB A B AB A B4 C? [11] AaBb,

114 A1 B2 C3 D4 246: D?,,,,,, [12] 24, DNA,,DNA A24 C48 B47 D49 246, DNA DNA 24, 24DNA DNA, DNA,DNA 48 DNA DNA C [13] 15, 12 10 10, 1000, A30 2 10 5 B60 2 10 5 C30 1 10 5 D15 4 10 5 15, 15 (30 ) 12 10 10, 6 10 9 ; DNA, 3 10 9 ; 1000,, 3 10 6,, 3 10 6 30=1 10 5 C

115 [14] 247 DNA :(:, ) 247 (1) (2) 0~8 (3) (4) 20, DNA 9~12 (5) (6)8 (7),, (1) DNA,,,,, DNA, G1 (DNA ) S(DNA ) G2 (DNA ),DNA DNA DNA A DNA, B (2), 2n 4n 2n( 2n),DNA 2n 4n 2n 2n n 2n n,dna :2n 4n 2n n,, 2n 4n 2n

116, n,0~8 (3),4,8, 4~8 (4)9~12, DNA,,,DNA (5)6~7 11~12, 6 11 (6)8 DNA, (7) DNA,, 0~1 8~9, 3~4,, 1~2 (1) B (2) (3)1~4 8~13 (4)40 (5)6 11 (6) (7)0~1 8~9 3~4 1~2 DNA,, DNA [15] 248, : 248 (1) : C, D,

117 E, G, H, I (2),, (3)A,, DNA (4)B, A C, (5), (6), B, (1)C D E G H, I (2)D H, A B C G, E F I J, (3)A 4 8 8DNA (4)B, A,,B,, A B C,A B C A B C (5)A, B, G (6)1 2 3 4 B,12,34,,1 23 4,

118,4, :13 14 23 24,, 4 (1)C D E G H I (2)D H A B C G E F I J (3)4 8 8 (4)A B C (5)A G (6)4, ; ; ; ; 1, 249 249, Aa+b= Ba DNA Cb+c= Dd 2,,,,DNA A B DNA C RNA D RNA 3, DNA 4 10-12 g, DNA A4 10-12 g B8 10-12 g C16 10-11 g D32 10-11 g 4,

119 A B C D 5,,, 1 2 3 4 5 A1234 B4123 C2314 D5324 6, DNA A 46 B 92 C 46 D 92 7 A23 B46 C92 D24 8 1000, 681,139,23,157 A B C D 9, A B C D 10,DNA A B C D 11, A, B C D 12 A B C D 13 16, DNA A32 16 64 64 B32 32 64 C16 8 32 32 D16 0 32 32 14 Bb, BB bbbb

120, 1 2 3 4 A123 B332 C222 D234 15 DNA DNA, DNA A B C D 16 A B C D 17 250, 250 A BC B C C D 8 ABC 18, A, B, C, D, 19 A, B C D 20,A a,b b,c c,

121 A Abc abc abc ABc BaBc AbC ABC ABC C AbC abc AbC abc D ABc AbC AbC ABC 21, A b C,a B c,,abc A 1 4 B 1 8 C 1 16 D 1 32 22 251, 251 Aab Bbc Cbd Dcd 23 I ( 252), Aa b Ba d Ca c Db d 24, 252 A B C D 25, A, A B C D, a b c d, A b C D 1 16 B, C D,, 26 (2N),

122, 4N 2N N, A B C D 27, A B, C D 28, a,dna b,, DNA Aa/2 b/2 B2a b Ca/2 b Da b/2 29 253, 253 A DNA B C D 30 A B C D 31 A a Bb, A2,4 B1,1 C1,2 D4,4 32 254, a 9, b4, 1 3, 2 c 254,4 7,56

123 d, Aa Bd Ca d Db c 33 2001, 255 : 255, A 1 B 2 C 3 D 13 34 256, A C B D 35, A B C D 256 36, 12 3 4 5 A43125 C41235 B41325 D13235 37 257, 38 AaBb, Ab,, 257

124 AaBAb B AbaB C ABab DaBaB 39 A a B, b A4 1 B3 1 C2 1 D1 1 40 258, 1 2 3 4 A 123 C 3 B 124 D 4 258 41 A C B D ABC 42 259 DNA 1 2 3 4 259 A 12 B 13 C 23 D 43 43 260, : (1) A B C D (2) (3) DNA (4),, ; 260

125, ;,,, (5),, (6), 44 261, (: Bb V v : ): (1), DNA, (2),, 261 (3), ;, (4), 45 262, : (1), DNA, (2) DNA, (3)15 (4)3, 262 (5)8 A,5 46 263, : (1) 12,3, (2) 4, (3) 1 a, 2 a (4) 2 B,5 B

126 (5) 47 264,A~C DNA : (1)A B C : A ;B ;C 263 264 (2)A d ebd e, : A ;B (3)C,b c ;h i (4) :A b c ;B c e ;C h i (5)A c d,b c d 1 C, a c,b d 2 B DNA DNA, DNA 3 B DNA 4 B,, 5 B,,,, 6 D 92, DNA,DNA 92 7 D 22 (X Y) 8 C, 9 C,,,,

127 10 C,DNA,, 11 D, 12 C, 13 A 14 B, (Bb) ;,, (BB bb) 15 D,, DNA DNA, DNA DNA 16 C A, ;B, ;D,, 17 C A,A ;B, ;D,A 18 D A,, (),, () ;B, ;C, 19 D, 20 C,,,, A, a, B, b, C, c 21 B, A 1 2, B 1 2, C 1 2, A B C, 1 8 22 C bd ac 23 B b c 24 D, 25 B, 26 B,, 4N 2N N 2N,, 4N, N 27 D,, 28 B

128 DNA,,DNA, 2 DNA,,,, 1 DNA, DNA,DNA, DNA B 29 C,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,, : ;, 30 C A, ;B, ;D 31 B 32 C,,,,,,, 33 A, ;,, 34 B, 5,,,,,, 35 A, 36 B 37 C A,B,D,,C, 38 D Ab AAbb aabb ab

129 39 C, ; 40 D,, 41 D 42B 43 (1)D (2)(3)8 8 0 (4) 92 (5) DNA (6), 44 (1)16 8 (2) 4 21( 2, 1) (3) (4)8 45 (1)4 8 0 (2)4 4 (3), (4)26 (5)A a 46(1), (2) (3) 2 11 2 (4) 5 B (5), 47 (1) (2),,, (3) (4) (5)

130 櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔 265,, 265, 1,, 266 2,,,

131 266, 1 2 1, (Helena),,, 2 3 4,, 5 3 1, X 2 3 150 4 { 5 (1)

132 (2) (3) (4) 1 2 (1) (2) (3), (4), (5), 3, DNA 1, 2 = + 3 :,,,, ;,,, ; ;,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, ;

133 4 ( ):,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 1,

134 2,, 3 ; : ; ; ;,,,, 4, 1 2,

135 :, : ( ): : :,, ( : ( ) ); : : : : ; ;,, :1 ;2 ;3 1,,, 2,, ; ;

136,,,,,,, 3,,,,,,,,, 4 [1] A B C D,,, D C [2], A B C D,, C

137 [3],, A B, C D, 95%,, A B C,,,, D [4] 267 267 (1)1 2 1 4 (2)1 3 (3)3 5 (4) 2 3 4, (5)1~4, 1 2 4, (

138 ),, 2,4,1 2 4 1 2 1 4,,, 2 3 4 1 3, 3 5,, :,,,1 3 5 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)1 3 5 ; ; 1 A B C D 2, A, B C D, 3 A B C D 4 A B C D 5 A B C D 6, A B

139 C D 7 A B C D 8 1X 2 3 4 5 6 A1245 B1235 C1256 D246 9 A B C D, 10 A B C D, 11 A B C D 12 A B C D 13 A B C D 14 A B C D 15 A B C D 16, 90%, A

140 B C D 17 A C B D 18 A B C D 19 A B C D 20, A B C D 21 A C B D 22, A B C D 23,, A B C D 24 A B C D 25 A B C D

141 26, A B C D 27 A B C D 28, A, B, C, D 29 A B C D 30,,,,, 31,,, 5, 32, ( 268 ) : (1), (2) 268 (3),, (4) (5),, 1 C 2 B

142 3 A 4 D, 5 C,, 6 B,,, 7 A,, 8 C :,, X ;, ;, 150 9 A : ; ;, ;, 10 A : ; ; ; 11 B,,, 12 D, 13 B 14 A 15 D 16 C 17 B,, 18 D 19 D 20 C 21 A 22 B, 23 D 24 D, 25 D 26 D,,, 27 D 28 D ;,,,, ;, 29 C 30 31 : 5 : ;, ;,,, 32 (1) (2)(3)(4) (5)13 N S P K Ca Mg :,

143 13 (N P K S Ca Mg Fe Mn B Zn Cu Mo Cl),,N P K S Ca Mg6, 櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔櫔 ;,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

144,,,,,,,,, 269A,,, 269B 269 1 HBnRum 1956,: O2 - OH,, DNA, DNA

145 2 wylie 1980, :,,X ;, : [5], A, B C,, D,,, ;,,, ;,, ;, C :1,, 2,, [6],,, : (1) (2), ;, (1),

146,,, (1) (2),, 1, A B C D 2 A B C, D 3,, A B C D 4, A B C D, 5 A B C D 6 A B C D 7, A RNA

147 B, C D 8, : 1 2 3 4 (1)1, 4 (2)2, (3), (4)1,4, (5)1, 4, (6), ( ) 9,, 1 D 2 C,,, 3 A,, 4 A,, 5 B,, 6 B 7 ACD (DNA ),, 8 (1) (2) ;, (3)3 (6)2 (4) ; (5) 9 ;, X ; ; 8,, 4 ;, :, ; ;, X

148 : ; ; ; ; ; ; 1, 2, 3, ;, 4,, DNA 5 6 7 8 9 [1] (2001 ),,, A B C D,,,,, B,

149 [2] (2001 ), A B C D, :1 2 3 DNA RNA 3 :1,,, 2, 3,, D,, [3] (2001 ), A B C RNA D,,, B, C D,,A A,,,, [4] (2001 ),,270 : (1) A B C,A,C

150 270 (2), (3) CO2 (1) A B C, B C,,,,A A, B C, C, ( ),, (2),,,,, C (3) 10nm (H2O CO2 O2) ( ), (1) (2) (C) (3),,,C,: ;,, 3, 3,3, 3, 3, [5] (2001, ) G1 S G2 M

151,S A B ( ) C D S DNA,, S, DNA,,DNA,, SDNA BC,,, [6] (2001 ) 42,, DNA A42 84 84 B84 42 84 C84 42 42 D42 42 84,,, 42,,, 84 DNA,,DNA 84 B, DNA,, DNA, DNA,, DNA ;,, DNA [7] (2001 ),,

152 A1 1 B1 2 C1 3 D0 4,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1 1 A, 1 2 4 1 2 1 1,, [8] (2001 )271 ([ ], ): (1) [ ] [ ] (2), (3),, [ ], (4),,[ ][ ], (5),,, 271

153 [ ][ ],, (1),, 3, 2 (2) DNA RNA, RNA, (3),, 7 (ATP) ([H] ) (4), (5), (H + HCO 3 - ) (ATP) (H + HCO 3 - ) CO2,, 1, 2 (1)3 2 (2) (3)7 ATP [H] (4)4 5 (5)1 2 (ATP),,,, 1 (2003 ) A B C D 2(2003 )272, A B C D 272 3(2003 )4,

154 A4 B8 C16 D4 4.(2003 ), A B C D DNA 5(2003 ), A C B D DNA 6(2003 ), A B C D 7(2003 ), A, B C, D 8(2003 ), A B C D 9(2003 ) 3,280,

155 A B C D 10(2003 ), 273 A B C D 11(2003 ) B,, A B, B B C, D, 12(2003 ), A B C D 13(2003 ), A B C D 14(2002 ), A B C DNA, D 15(2002 )274, A B 274

156 C D 16(2002 ), A B C D 17(2002 ) A DNA B DNA C D a 18(2002 )275a d b c d 275 Aab Bc DNA C d Dbc 檨 檨 檨 檨 檨 檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨檨 19(2002 ) AaBbCc( ) A4 1 B3 1 C2 1 D1 1 20, A B C D 21, N,DNA Q, DNA AN Q B N 2 Q 2 CN Q 2 D N 2 Q 22 AaBb, A ab b,, A A B,ab B A b,ab C A a,bb D A a B b 23,

157 A B C D 24 276, 276 25 AaBb( ), Ab, A AB ab ab B Ab ab ab C AB ab ab Dab AB ab 26 AaBBRr,, A ABR abr B AbrabR CaBR AbR D ABR abr 27, Y A B C D 28, A, B DNA C, D 29, A : B : C : D : DNA,

158 30 1 2 3 4 5 A 451 B 351 C 352 D 154 31(2003 ) (1) 277() (T) 277 (2) 277()A 6000, DNA 277() 277()B C D, S, G2 M (3), G1 6000, M 300, S G2 (4), t=t n/n(n,n ), 32(2002 ) 278, : (1)A ;B ;D (2), (3) B, (4)a~e, (5) ;

159 278 (6),,Na + 33 : (1)279,, [ ] [ ] [ ] (2) [ ], (3) 7, (4) 8, 34 280 RrEeDd 279 : (1) DNA ; (2) (3) 5%, ReD % (4) ( )

160 280 35 (W)(w), X 281, : 281 (1) A B E : A B E (2) 282 C D G w

161 C D G 282 (3) C F,, (4),, 36 283, : b c I a - I - I - 283 (1), a (2) a b c (3), (4), 284() (),, :(),() ;()(),, 284 b c a

162 1 C, (DNA) () 2 A, ( ), 3 C 1 4, 1 4 C, ; ; DNA 2n 4n 2n 5 D DNA 6 A, 7 B, ; ; 8 C 9 A,, 10 B 11 AC 12 ABD 13 C, 14D A,, ;B,, ;C,DNA ;D, DNA, 15C, 16A, 17C DNA;, DNA ;, 18D, DNA,, 90%~95% 19C 4,4 2, 2,2 (, ), 1 (, );, 1 20C,,,, 21C,,DNA 22D,,

163, 23A D ;, ; ( ) ;, 24D, A B, ;C 25B Ab Ab AAbb aabb ab 26A, :ABR Abr abr abr 27C X Y, X X,, X Y X X; X Y; X Y; X Y; X 28C,, ; 29D DNA, DNA,, 30B,, 31(1)20 (2)C D B (3)1500 1200 (4)1 19 32(1) (2) (3) (4)b c d (5)b a (6)c 33(1)3 4 5(2)6 (3) (4) ( ) 34(1)2 8 8 (2)8 (3)20 (4) 285 35(1) (2) 286 (3)X W X w (4) 1 4 1 4 285 286 36.(1) (2)a,b,c (3) (4)

164 (50) 90 1, A B, C D, 2 A B C D 3 287, 287 A B C D 4 RNA A C B D 5, A C B D 6 A B C D 7 A B

165 C D 8, A C B D 9 A CDNA B D 10 A C B D 11, ADNA 1 BDNA 1, CDNA, 1 DDNA, 1 12, A B C D 13 A C B D 14,,DNA A C B D 15, A B C D 16, A C B D

166 17, 1 2 3 4 A24 C234 B124 D4 18 A B C D 19,, A B C D 20, DNA A1 2 4 B1 2 2 C1 1 4 D4 2 1 21, A C B D 22, A C B D 23 n DNA A2n 2n 4n n n C2n 4n 2n n n B2n 2n n n n D2n 4n 2n 2n n 24

167 DNA A2 12 1 B1 12 1 C4 14 1 D4 12 1 25, A B C D 26, 1 2 3 4 5 6 A245 C45 B234 D24 27, A B C D 28,, A B, C 3 D 3 29 6000,, A60006000 B600018000 C600024000 D1200012000 30 8, A161 B84 C162 D81 31 288(), ()

168 288 32, A B C D 33, A B C, D, 34, 1 2, 3, 4, 5 A 24 B 23 a C 35 D 15 b 35 c, 289 a b c 289, A

169 B C D 36 290(), 290() ()F Q R A7;1;7;47 B23;1;23;56 290 C7;1;7;23 D1;1;23;56 37 ATP A C H O B C H O N C C H O N P S D C H O N P 38, A B C D 39 2001 3 START, 291 START DNA 4N b c f g a 2N d e h 檨 291 Aab Bfg Cde Dgh

170 40, A B C D 41, A 106 04 11 B 18 05 185 C 165 2 185 D 104 23 127 42, (a) (b) DNA (c) a b c a b c a b c a b c A B C D 292 43 293 I A C B D 44,, 293 A B C D 45 294 DNA

171 294 46, 14 C,,,295 295 47 296(),, 296() 296 481 2 3 4 5,297,, (1) (2), 1 2 3 297 4 5 A1 2 3 4 B3 1 2 C5 4 3 2

172 D4 5 1 2 49,,,,,, A B C D 50,,, A B C D (50) 51(8)298, : (1), [ ] (2) ATP [ ] [ ], ATP [ ] (3), [ ] (4) 11 2 3 4 7 8 298 21 7

173 3 ATP 4 47 5 5 63 O2 CO2 79, 8 1 3 9 A 12368 B 23467 C 23578 D 123478 52(10)299,, K + Na +, 299 (1), (2),, K +, K + (3),,, K + K + (4),Na +, (5), (6) (7), K + (, )

174 53(7) 4 ( ), (, ) : (1) 4 A D E B C F (2), (3),, 54(10) 2100 (1 ) 2100 (1) : 1 2~4, 2 8,,, 3 4 5,

175 4 7 8,,, 9 (2) DNA 55(10)2101,A,B F A, : 2101 (1) (2), (3), (4) AaBb, 2102 AaBb 1 2 :( ) 1 9 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 2102 56(5),,,,,, 1975,,

176, 2103,, ( ), ( ), 2103 (1),, (2) A B C D (3), (4) (, 1C 2D,,,

177 3D, ;,,, 4C (rrna), 1 1 5B A, ;C, ;D, 6C,, 7B 8D, 9D A, ;B, ;C, DNA( RNA) 10B 11B,,DNA ; ( ), 12A B,,, ;, C D 13B,, ;,, 14B,DNA 15C A B,,,, 16A,, 17D, 18C A, ;B D, 19C, ;, 20A, 4DNA 21C, 22B, 23C DNA,2n; DNA,4n; DNA,2n;, DNA,n; DNA,n

178 24B, DNA,DNA 25A, 26D, 27D,,, 28A,, 29B 30A n, 2 n, 31A 32D 33D, 34D, ;,,, 35A, 36D 1,, ;2 3, ;5 64 7, 37D 38A 39C de 40B 41D 42B, DNA 43B, I,, I 44B, ATP,ATP 45A,DNA ;DNA,;, 46B, 47B 48C, 49C,, 50C 51(1)3 (2)3 4 8 (3)5 (4)C 52 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) K + Na + (6) (7) 2104:

179 2104 ( K +, K + ) :,K +, ;,K +, ;,K +, :K +,,, K +, K +,,K +, K +,,, K +, :1 ;2 ;3, 53(1)D E F A (2) (3) :(1),,,,,, (2), (3), 54(1)1 20 10 2 3 4, (2) 2105 55(1) EDA (2)ABFC 4 (3)C F 2 1(4) 2106 56(1)(2)C (3) 2105

180 (4) 1 2 2106

3+X 1 [1],,,,,, ;,, ATP ATP,, ATP,,, ATP, 2 [2] ATP A C H O C C H O N P S B C H O N D C H O N P

180 ATP, A,T,P (P), (N) (C H O),ATP A T P? C H O N P ; (DNA), (P) (C H O) ( N),, C H O N P ; (C H O N) (P),, C H O N P D,, [3] A B C D C H O,,C H O, C H O, C H O N, C H O N P, A,,, 3 [4], A B C D,,, (,, D),,, ;,,,,,

181, D,, [5] 415g, 505g 100,, S 51mol H CH 3 : NH 2CCOOH : NH 2CCOOH H H CH 2SH : NH 2CCOOH H (1) (2) (3) (4) (1),,, (2), ( -1), ( -1),( -1), ( -1) x, 505 415 =100x [100x-18(x-1)], x=101 (3), S, S51mol, 51 (101), y, 101-51-y=50-y, :101 100=51 121+75y+79 (50-y), y 5 (4) :

182,101 101 RNA 303 RNA 303 DNA 303 DNA 606 606 (1)(2)101 (3)5 45 51 (4)606,,,,: ( ) 4 [6] 1mol/LKNO3,, A, B,, C, D,, 1mol/LKNO3, : KNO3, KNO3 KNO3,, K + NO 3 -,, KNO3, KNO3 KNO3, KNO3,KNO3 KNO3, B : ( ),, K + NO 3-1mol/L KNO3,, KNO3

183, [7], ATP A B C D, :ATP 幑帯幐 ADP+Pi+,, ATP, ATP, ADP ATP, ADP ADP ATP, : C,, ADPATP, [8] RNA,, A0 B1 C2 D3,,,, RNA DNA A,, RNA, 5 [9] 7,

184 A7 B14 C28 D56,,, 7, 28,,,,, 56 D,, [10] 24,, A12 24 24 36 B24 24 24 36 C24 24 12 36 D24 12 12 36,,, 24 24 8 1 2 2 3,,,12, ( ),24, (12 ) ( 12 ),36 C,,,

185 [11] Ⅱ1 : (1) A B, A,B (2) A, Ⅱ1 (3), B, (1), :1,,, ( A B) 2,, 3,, 4,,, 23 A,B A,, 2 (2) A, A, 2 2 4,8 (3) B, 1,2 (1) 2 (2)8 (3)2

186, 2 3, 1, A B C D 2, A B C D 3 A B C D 4, A B C D 51g, A B C D 6,, A B C D 7 A B C D 8, A B C D 9 A C H O N B C H O P C H O N P D16 10a b c a,b c,b,c a b c 1 2CO2 3 4 A 124 B 134 C 431 D 413 11, 1 2 3 4

187 5 6 7 A 127 B 356 C 3456 D 367 12 A B C D 13,, A B C D 14 A B C ATP ADP 15 DNA : D 檨檨檨 C 檨檨檨 T 檨檨檨 T 檨檨檨 A 檨檨檨 檨檨 檨檨 檨檨 檨檨 檨檨檨 G 檨檨檨 A 檨檨檨 A 檨檨檨 U 檨檨檨 A4 B5 C6 D8 16 A5 2 8 B4 2 2 C5 2 2 D4 4 8 17, A B C DtRNA 18 DNA A DNA, B DNA A+G=C+T A+C=G+T C DNA D DNA 19 9002, A1500 2 C1500 1 B4500 2 D4500 1 20, ATP A B C D 21

188 A B C D 22, A B C D 23, A B C D 24, A B ATP C, CO2 D 25 A B C D 26, 12K + 3 45 A 12 B 23 C 24 D 25 27, A B C D 28, A B C D 29, A B C D 30 A C B D T4 31, R, R A B C D

189 32 Ⅱ2 (b ) A 1 2 B 2, 1 1, C 2, Ⅱ2 D a b c,c 33 DNA, A C B D 34 DNA 15 N, 15 N A 1 16 B 1 8 C 1 4 D 1 2 35 AaBb, A B a b, A B C D 36 (2n=24), (4n=48), A48 36 60 B24 36 48 C48 36 27 D36 48 60 37 40, A20 40 60 B10 20 30 C20 30 40 D20 20 30 38,, ; 39 : 1 NH2 CH2 COOH; 2 NH2 CH2 CH2OH; COOH 3 NH 2CH CH 2COOH ;

190 COOH 4 NH 2 CH (CH 2 ) 4NH 2 ; NH 2 5 NH 2CH CH 2COOH (1),,,, (2) (1), (3),,, (4) (1),, 40 Ⅱ3, α 21, β 30 ( S S ) 6, a, : Ⅱ3 (1), (2) (3), : ;, (4)1978, DNA,,, 51 mrna, (5), 41 Ⅱ4 : (1)

191 (4), (2), (3),, a b c Ⅱ4, 42 : A (%) B(%) C(%) 8 0 01 01 0 075 072 125 003 003 18 0004 0004 005 檨檨 : (1), (2) C,, C (3) 43, : (1) : (2) : (3) CO2, : (4) [H]O2: 44 (Amy) a, a, Ⅱ5

192 Amy Ⅱ5, : (1)a [ ] (2) a Amy (3)Amy,[ ], (4) [ ] (5) 30%, 1 45,CO2+H2O 幑帯幐 2 +O2, : (1)1 CO2, (2),2 CO2 CO2 46 Ⅱ6 Ⅱ6 (1) (2), (3),, (4)3 8 4 A,9, (5)1~5 A b D F g,, (6) (

193 ) 47 Ⅱ7, : Ⅱ7 (1) (2) (3) A (4)A B, (5)B, (6), 1B 2C 3 C, 4 B, A D,, ;C,, 5 B 1715kJ 3891kJ 1715kJ 6 D, 7 A, B C, ;D, 8 D,, 9 A,C H O N 10 D, ( D) ;, 11 B 1 2, ;4, ;7, 12 B

194, 13 A 14 B ATP 15 C 3 ( C T A)3 ( G A U) 16 A 5:A G C T U; 2: ; 8: 17 B, 18 A B C,,DNA ;D, DNA 19 A 9002 4501 RNA 4501 1500 RNA 1500 ; 2 20 B, ATP 21 D, 22 C, ;, 23 A,, 24 D A, ;B,, ATP;C,CO2 25 B, ;, 26 C, 27 A, 28 D DNA DNA, 29 D DNA, 30 B 31 D DNA, DNA 32 B 2, c, 1 1, 33 C, () 34 D 4 ;DNA, DNA DNA 15 N,, 35 B,, 36 A, 48

195 ;, 36(12+24) ;, 60(12+24 2) 37 B (10); (20 ); 3N(30) 38 39 (1) 2 2 2 (2)3 9 (3)6 (4),, 40 (1)2 49 (2)51a- 888 (3) (4) 306 (5) 41 (1)c b a (2) (3) (4) 42 (1)C ( A B ) (2) (3)43 (1) (2) (3) (4) 44 (1)7 (DNA) (2) RNA (3)5 (4)4 (5) 45 (1) (2), (, ) 46 (1) (2) (3)20 2 5 3 5 (4) A (6) Ⅱ8 DNA Ⅱ8 (5)8 8 47 (1) (2)ABCED (4) (5) (6)D D (3) 1 [1] n m, An B m C (m+n) D (m-n),

196 ( NH2) ( COOH), ( NH CO ),,,2 1,3 2,4 3,,m m (m-1),, 2 m [(m-1)( )-1]=(m-2), 3 m (m-1-2)=(m- 3), 4 m (m-1-3)= (m-4), n m [m-1-(n-1)]=m-n,,,, D,,, [2] 4,, A4 B4 3 C3 4 D12 4 ( ), 4, 4, 4 4 3 B,,,, 4ⅹ3ⅹ2=24

197 2 [3] 200m,,,,, 10 4 N/C (1) 50cm, V (2) A B C D (1),, U= Ed E,10 4 N/C,d, 50cm(05m), 10 4 05=5000(V), (2),, (1)5000 (2)C,,, [4] Ⅱ9, : Ⅱ9 (1) (2)0~4, DNA

198 (3)5~14,DNA (4)11~12, DNA (5)3~411~12, (6) Ut, s, U, V, (1),, 3 (2),, DNA,, DNA (3),,DNA,, (4), DNA, (5),, (6) Ut, : U = 22 3+4 2 1+2 2 4+1 2 3+2 2 1+1 2 2 =38(V) 14 (1)3 (2)3~4 (3)5~11 (4)(5), (6)38V,, 3 [5] 20 128, 2, 98, A12800 B12544 C11036 D12288 1 ( = - ), 98+2=100, = =98 128, 18, =128 100( 100 ) -18 98( 98 )=11036 C,,,

199 [6] : +H2O 1 +H2O 2, C55H70O19N10, :

200 師師師 師師師 帩 CH 2 COOH NH 2 CH 3CH COOH NH 2 CH 2CH COOH CH 2 CH 2COOH NH CH COOH 2 NH 2 : (1)1,2 (2) (3) (4), (1),1,2 (2) 20,,: NH2 COOH, R : NH 2CCOOH, R H (3), N, 10N,, 10 (4), C2H5NO2, C3H7NO2, C9H11NO2, C5H9NO4 10 9 C55H70Ol9N10 10 55C 88 70+2 9 H 28 19+1 9 O 10N a b c d, 2a+3b+9c+5d=55,5a+7b+11c+

201 9d=88,a+b+c+d=10,2a+2b+2c+4d=28, :d=4,c=3 (1) R (2) NH 2C COOH H (3)10 (4)4 3,, N [7] Ⅱ10,, : (1) : (2) (3) (4) (5) 01mol, Ⅱ10 CO2 Na2O2, O2 (1) : C10H12O7N5P (2) (3) (RNA) (4) DNA 1 (5) : 01molC10H12O7N5P 1molCO2 1molNa2O2 05molO2, (1)C10H12O7N5P (4)1 (5)112L (2) (3) (RNA),

202 4 [8] : C6H12O6(s)+6O2(g ) 6CO2(g)+6H2O(l)+2803kJ 70kg, 1 6 s 1m, 30%, 1 6 s, 1 6 s 0 s= - v tv - = v0+vt 2 1m vt= 2s t =2 1 =12(m/s), 1 6 1 6 s : ΔE= 1 2 mv2 t - 1 2 mv2 0= 1 2 70 122-0=5040(J), xg, :180 (2803 10 3 30%)=x 5040, x= 1079g 1079g,, [9], : (1)1985Overton,, (2)1925GorterGrendel,, (3)1970,,

203,,, 37 40,, (4), : 24 Na, 24 Na, 24 Na ATP, 24 Na, ATP : 24 Na,, (1),, (2),,, (3) 37 40,, (4) 24 Na ATP,, 24 Na, (1)(2) (3) (4) ATP,,, 1, : (1) A B C D (2)

204 A B C D 2,,, A B C D 3 68000, 033% (1) A Fe C Fe 3+ B Fe 2+ D (2) A1 B2 C3 D4 4 ( mg/l):ca20,k39, Mg3,Zn006,F002 Ca K Mg Zn F A C B D 5,,, AI2 C NaIO B KIO D KIO3 6,, A B C D 7 A C B D 8, A C H O

205 B C H O 1 2 1 C D 9, A C B D 10, A B C D 11, A B Ⅲ C D 12 Ⅱ11, A B C Ⅱ11 A B C D 13, 5858kJ, (, )1715kJ/g,, 24 10% A 6800mL B 3400mL

206 C 1700mL D 14, A C H O B C D C H O N P 15 R C3H5O2, A4 4 B5 4 C4 5 D5 5 16 4 574,, A573 573 574 B574 574 574 C573 570 4 D570 570 4 17 m, m-3, A1 C3 B2 D4 18 :1 2 3 4 5, A 15 C 12 B 23 D 45 19 130, 4 280, A31432 B31486 C31378 D36382 20,, (1) A C B D (2) 12 3 4 A 14 B 13

207 C 12 D 24 (3), A C B D 21, 64500,1 4 100mL 14g, 4500mL, A1g B22g C156g D2205g 22 CO NH, A2 C4 B3 D5 23 A B HO 庎 CH3 O CH 2CH CH 2 NaOH C,,, D 24, A O2+4e+2H2 O 4OH - B O2 +4e 2O 2- C C6H12O6 CO2 HCO 3 - D C6H12O6 CO2 CO 2-3 25,, A B C,

208 D, 26, Ⅱ12 檨檨 檨檨 檨 檨 檨 檨檨檨檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨檨檨 檨 檨 檨 檨檨檨檨檨檨 檨 檨 檨 檨檨檨檨檨檨 A B C D Ⅱ12 27, 10, A5 C10 B25 D40 28 k, k 1 A2 k B Ck 2 Dk 1 2 2 29 46, A46 2 C2 46 B23 2 D2 23 30, 檨 檨 檨 A 1 2 B 1 4 C 1 8 D 1 16 31 1957, 4800, (1)19878,,, 600kg, 750kg, 8% ~ 20%, 10 1, 2, (2),

209,,, (3), A B C D (4), A B C D, (5) 90min, 6400km, 10m/s 2, 32 Ⅱ13 : (1), (2),, (3),,,, (4) ph,70~78,,50ml 1 (005mL)10mol L -1 Ⅱ13,pH 74 72, 50mL ph 74NaOH 1 (005mL)10mol L -1,pH, (5),

210 (6), ph (7) : (8), : 33 Ⅱ14, 11m,, h=24m, m=06kg,, g 10m/s 2 : (1), A B C D (2),, Ⅱ14 (3), (4) 34 C H O, N P (1), : (2) 391,1mol, 10molH2O 18molCO2, N 7%,P 8%, : 35 20, 76W kg -1, 93kcal g -1 : (1) 65kg 4h (2), 36 OH 檨檨 CH2 檨檨 CH2 檨檨 CH 檨檨檨檨 檨檨 CH 檨檨 CH 2 檨檨 CH 檨檨 CH 3 檨檨 CH3 OH 檨檨 檨檨

211, : 檨檨檨 檨 檨檨檨檨 檨 : HO (1) (2),, (3), (4), (5), 37 A B C,, : 檨 A+ B 檨檨 B C D D, : 檨檨檨檨 D + 3 3 A + 2 B (1)A B C D, (2),A B C (3), B,, (4) D, 38,15kg ( 2m), 05kg 25%( 100 25 ), : (CH2) 52 (COO) 3+78O 2 55CO2+52H2O+8160kcal/mol 39, 檨檨檨檨

212, ( Cu 2+ Ba 2+ Ag + ),, : (1)CuSO4 AgNO3 Ba(NO3) 2 AgCl (2) X,, (3) BaCl2, A B C D 40 Ⅱ15 Ⅱ15 (1),,, (2) B,C D (3) A, B, C D, 41, Na + K +, K + Na +,, K + Na +, : (1), (2)Na K, Na,

213 (3)K 42,,,,, : (1) ( ) (2) (3),,,, ( ) (4),,, 43,,, (1), A B C D X Eγ F A C B D (2) :1(As);23,4 ;3(Cr);4 (Pb) ;5 ;6 ;7,,,,,, (3) A B C

214 1 (1)B, (2)A,PH3 2D,, 3 (1)B (2)D 68000 033% 56 4 B 5 D 6 A 7 B, 8 A C H O, Cn(H2O) m,n m,,c H O 1 2 1 9 B H O 10 C, ;, 11 D, 12 A, B, 13 B 1g/mL 5858/(1715 10%) 14 B, C H O, (C17H35COOH),C H O=9 18 1 15 B C NH2 COOH H 16 D, = = -, 17 C = - 18 C ; ; ; 19 A 280 130-(280-4) 18 20 (1)A (2)A ( MgCl2 6H2O) (CaSO4 2H2O),, (3)A 21 B (4500/100) 14 (56 4/ 64500) 22 C 23 B, NaOH A, ;C, ;D,,Al2O3 24 C :C6H12O6 +6O 2 6CO2+6H2O; :O2+4e+2H2 O 4OH - ; :C6H12O6+6H2O- 24e 6CO2+24H + 25D,,, 26 A, ;, 27 A,1 4

215 28 A, 29 D 30 C 1 2 31 (1)1 2, (2) (3)C, (4)A,F,, (5)282km :G Mm =m 4π2 r 2 T r, : 2 mg=g Mm 3 R, gt 2 R r=r+h,h= 2 2 槡 4π -R=282km 32 (1),,,,, (2) 65%~90%(60%~90%) (3)65% (4)2 ( HCO 3 - CO 2-3 ), ph (5)09% 09%,,09%, (6) (7),,,,,, (8), 33(1)D (2) D (3)362J (4)15s v, v2, v1, v2t=11 1, 24=v1t-5t 2 2, 1 2 t :v1 = 24 11 v2 + 11 5 v 2 =v 2 1 +v 2 2 = 12676 v 2 v2 11 2 2 + 112 5 2 +24 3, v 2 Ek = 1 2 2 mv2 = 1 2 m (v 2 1+v 2 2), Ek, (v 2 1+v 2 2) 3,,, (v 2 1+v 2 2), 12676v2 2 = 112 5 2 v 2 2= 112 5 11 2 v 2 2 1126 4,,Ekmin= 1 2 mv 2 = 1 2 ( v ) 2 2 m(v 2 1+v 2 2) = 1 2 m 2 112 5 2 +24 = 1 2 06

216 2 11 2 5 2 1126 [ +24 (11 2 5) ] =362(J) t= 11 = v2 11 (11 0666) =15 (s) 34 (1) (2)C18H20O6N2P H2O CO2 H C 20 H 18 C, N ( 391 7% 14 2 ) P 391 8% 31 1, O : ( 391-216-20-28-31) =6 16 35 (1)1702kcal 65 76 4 3600 (2)0183kg 418 10 3 1702 93 10 3 36 (1)C27H46O (2) (3) Ⅱ16 (4) Ⅱ17 (5) Ⅱ18 檨 檨檨檨 檨 檨檨檨檨 檨 檨 檨檨檨 檨 檨檨檨檨 HO3SO O HO Ⅱ16 Ⅱ17 Ⅱ18 37(1)C D( ) (2) (3) (4)CH3 O CH3 3816864 05kg : 8160 10 3 418 25% 500 =4958 10 6 J, 15 98 860 2=294J, 16864 39 (1)AgCl AgCl (2)BaSO4,BaCO3, (3)B,Na2SO4,BaCl2 BaSO4 40 (1)A (2) (3)C 41 (1)ATP K + Na + (2)IA 2Na2O2 + 2H2 O 4NaOH+O2 (3)19 42 (1) (2)(3) CO2+H2 O H2CO3 (4),, 43 (1)C;D;E;C (2)1 3 6;2 4;2;7 (3)B 檨 檨 檨檨檨 檨檨檨檨 檨