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(cell cycle) (homologous chromosome) (n) 3n 3

10202030 (6) (7) (8)(9) (1)20(2)20 (3)30 (4)20 (5) 20 (6)10 (7)10 (8)20(9)10 A B C A B C AB C A B C ABCA B C A B C A B C A BCA B C AB C A B C 4

RNA RNA DNA DNA ADNA BDNAZDNA?? DNA DNA RNA 1 5

DNARNAU TmRNADNARNA mrna RNARNA(spliceosome) RNARNA25 RNA mrna mrna(pre-mrna)rna(heterogeneous nuclear RNAhnRNA) DNA mrna mrna (polyribosome polysome) DNAmRNA DNADNA (central dogma) 2DNADNA 1 S(65) RR 6

SS R+S65)S III SDNAII R II RIII S DNADNA 2 Å Å Å 7

Å Å DNA+ 5 7 3 6 13 40 2.5-5 5 500-1000 5 8400 (8000-10000) 8

71 DNA 4 9

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Pp (1) (2) 3/41/4 (3) 1/21/2 AaF 1 12

F 1 (1)AA aa (2)AA Aa (3)Aa Aa (4)Aaaa (5)aaaa Hh(HH) (hh)f 1 F 2 F 2 Pp F 1 F 2 1653 1240413 (R)(r)(T)(t)Rrt (1)(2)F 1 1)TTrr ttrr 2) TTRR ttrr 3) TtRr ttrr 4) ttrr Ttrr (Y)(y)(M)(m) (F 1 ) 3/83/81/81/8 13

(R)(r)(B)(b) (P)(p)(R)(r)(A) (a) F 1 (1) PPRRAa pprraa (2) pprraa PpRraa (3) PpRRAa PpRrAa (4) Pprraa pprraa (pprraa)(pprraa) F 3 (PPRRAA)10F 2 (P_R_A_) AaBbCc AaBbCc(F 1 )F 2 51 21 AaBbCcDdF 1 F 2 53 223 A_C_R_ 14

(1) aaccrr50% (2) aaccrr25% (3) AAccrr50% 595 205201 198202 5811261 4(a 1 a 2 a 3 a 4 ) (1)(2)(3) 15

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1C 5 3((3/4) 4 ) 3 ((1/4) 4 ) 2 2C 5 2((3/4) 4 ) 2 ((1/4) 4 ) 3 14.1AC 2AR 3CR AaCCRr 15. 16.1 2 3 17

1 2 3(N)(n)(L)(1) F 1 F 1 201 18 20 203 F 2 20 4 ab6%by10% 0.26 5ab16%de 8%ABDEabdeF 1 6abc 7 AaBbCc 18

8F 1 F 1 6% 19% 19% 6% 6% 19% 19% 6% 9 abcd a,c a,d b,d b,c 40% 25% 5% 10% 10(al) 1294 : 4 1412:2:2:22:4:2 al 11(Vg)(vg)(W)(w) X 12 13 19

1 2 3F1Ft1111NL R(n-l)=18+20/18+20+201+203=8.6% 48ABy aby aby AbY ABY aby Aby aby 0.2610*6*0.260.156 Aby=aBY=1/2*0.156%=0.078% aby=aby=1/2*(6%-0.156%)=2.922% ABY=aby=1/2*(10%-0.156%)=4.922% Aby=abY=1/2*(1-0.156%-5.844%-9.844%)=42.078% 42%AB 42%ab 8%Ab 8%aB 46%DE 0.1932ABDE 0.1932ab DE 0.0368Ab DE 0.0368aB DE 46%de 0.1932AB de 0.1932ab de 0.0368Ab de 0.0368aB de 4%De 0.0168AB De 0.0168ab De 0.0032Ab De 0.0032aB De 4%dE 0.0168AB de 0.0168ab de 0.0032Ab de 0.0032aB de 6 R (a-b) =(3+5+98+106)/1098=19.2% R (a-c )= (3+5+74+66)/1098=13.5% R (b-c) =32.7% 0.28 7bc 93ABC93 Abc7ABc7AbC93aBC93abc7aBc7abC bc 7 ABC7 Abc93ABc93AbC7aBC7abc93aBc93abC 20

(,1:1) a-----------d-- b------c 25 5 10 VgvgX W X w vgvgx w YVgvgX W X w VgvgX w X w vgvgx W X w vgvgx w X w VgvgX W Y VgvgX w Y vgvgx W Y vgvgx w Y VgvgX W YvgvgX w X w VgvgX w Y vgvgx w Y VgvgX W X w vgvgx W X w AA aa 500 F 1 aa 2. Cc C C c cc 10% 3. 12 34567 12 36547( ) 21

1 2 56 3 3 5 6 4. ABCDEFGHIJ ABCHGFIDEJABCHGFEDIJ 5. 4 F 1 F 1 A B C D E A B C D E F G H I J F G H I J K L M N O K L M N O P Q R S T P Q R S T A D C B E A D C B E F G M N O F G M N O K L H I J K L H I J P Q R S T P Q R S T 6 (T)(Y)T Y ( ) 20%(yy) F 1 1 F 1 7. (f)(bm 2 )(ffbm 2 bm 2 ) (FFBm 2 Bm 2 TT)F 1 F 1 F 1 (F t ) 22

Ff Bm 2 -Bm 2 1 (T) AaaaBBbb Aa B-b A a B b 9. 10. F 1 F 1 F 2 F 1 2n = 48 12 12. n + 1 n +1 50% n+1 n + 1 10% 2n 13. 6 (2n + I 6 )(cc) (2n)(1) c 6 F 1 () (2) c 6 14. (Su)(su) (susu) 10 (2n+I 10 )(2n) F 1 F 2 1758 586 Su-su 10 15. N.sylvestris(2n = 24 = 12 = 2x =SS) N.tomentosiformis (2n = 24 = 12 = 2x = TT) (2n = 48 = 24 = 23

SSTT)(2n 1 = 47) N.sylvestris F 1 36 35 35 F 1 11 13 S T 35 F 1 16. yb 1 yb 1 yb 2 yb 2 yb 1 Yb 1 yb 2 Yb 2 9 ( M U) 9 F 1 9 F 1 F 1 1.A 24

2.CcC 31 2120 3 4.DEFGHEDI 6. 1F1YTytYtyT yt 2YyTt yytt Yytt yytt 40% 40% 10% 10% 7FFBmBmTTffbmbmtt, F1: FfBmbmTt F1 FBmT FBmt Fbmt FbmT fbmt fbmt fbmt fbmt Ft: FfBmTt 99 FfBmbmtt 6 Ffbmbmtt 12 FfbmbmTt 67 ffbmbmtt 40 ffbmbmtt 1 ffbmbmtt 1 ffbmbmtt 53 F-Bm 12+1+67+53/99+40+6+1+12+1+67+53=47.7 FBm F 6+1+12+1/99+40+6+1+12+1+67+53=7.2 Bm 6+1+67+53/99+40+6+1+12+1+67+53=45.5 8. AB P133Aa=31Bb=351 105AB3Ab35aB1ab 25

AB105 Ab3 ab35 ab1 9.ABD 10..AABBDDAABBF1AABBD 535 147 F 1 11. 12 12. 90%n 10%(n+1) 50%n 0.45 (2n) 0.05 (2n+1) 50%(n+1) 0.45 (2n+1) 0.05 (2n+2) 55045 13. 1c Chr 6 CCCcc: F 1 CCc2C:1c:1CC:2Cc 2C 1c 1CC 2Cc c (CCc, cc, 2Ccc, 2Cc,) 1151 2(c Chr 6, CC:cc=1:1) 1111 1111 14. 110F 1 Sususu, 1Su: 2su:1susu:2 Susu, 1 Su 2 su 1 susu 2 Susu 1 Su 2 su 1 susu 2 Susu 31 26

21031 10 15. TTSSSS, F 1 TSS, TSS-1 1S2 T1211 16. 1Yb1yb1 Yb2yb2 F1 21II+IIYb2yb2+II Yb1yb1+I F1 :Yb1Yb2,Yb1yb2,yb1Yb2,yb1yb2 3:1; 2 Yb1yb1, F1 22II+IIYb2yb2+Iyb1 :22I+ IYb2+Iyb1 ::=1:1. 22I+ Iyb2+Iyb1 22I+ IYb2 22I+ Iyb2 O DNA 4 a b a b 3.0 % a c a c 2.0% b c b c 1.5% (1) abc (2) 27

ab + c a + bc + (3)(2) 13 abca b c ab 2ab + c a + bc + c ab ab + c + a + b c 3 ac b + a + c + b 6 ac a c + ba + c b + ac + b + a + cb cb a cba + c + b + ac + b + a + cb ab a c + ba + c b + a cb a + c + b + ac + b + a + cb ac 2.0cb 1.5ab 2.0 +1.5 % 3.5 3.0 % 20.5 0.25 ac + b + a + cb0.25 20.125 I a c + ba + c b + 2-0.25 20.875 II a cba + c + b + 1.5-0.25 20.625 5 +++ 235 pqr 270 pq+ 62 p++ 7 +q+ 40 p+r 48 +qr 4 ++r 60 726 (1) (2) (3) 28

1 +++235 pqr270 +++ pqr 23 +qr p++ p qr + qr + p + + 100 4 + 7 1001. 52 726 p + r + + q + 48 + 40 Ipq 100 + 100+ 1.5213. 64 726 + + r + pq + 60 + 62 IIpr 100 + 100 + 1.5218. 32 726 13.64 18.32 q p r 6 F F DNA Hfr F F- F- DNA DNA 29

7 ab + a + b a + b + ab ab + a + b 7-11 Davis U a + b + DavisU DNase a + b + DavisU 8Hfr ( azi S str S ) Hfr Hfr (O) Hfr F F Hfr 9 Hfr arg- leu + azi S str S F- arg + leu- azi R str S F- arg + leu + azi R (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) str S (2) arg + leu + azi R arg + leu azi R (3) (4)1 (5)1 30

10 Hfr F - Hfr F Hfr HfrP 4 X lac gal his arg xyl ilu thr O 9 27 24 11 4 17 HfrKL98 arg xyl ilu thr lac gal his O 11 4 17 8 9 27 thr lac gal his arg xyl ilu 8 9 27 24 11 4 O HfrRa-2 Hfr HfrP 4 X HfrP 4 Kl98 7 lac thr 8HfrRa-2 9+27+24+11+4+17+8100 F P 4 X thr 0/100 31 lac gal

Ra-2 ilu 75 xyl 25 arg 50 his KL98 Hfr 11 a + b + c - d + a- b- c + d- b + c + a d b + c + a- d- (1) (2) a- b- c + d-a + b + c - d + a-b + c + d- ` ` a + b + c - d + a- b- c + d- a-b + c + d- abcd 12 λ 32

13Hfr met + thi + pur + F - met- thi- pur- met- thi pur met + thi + pur + met + thi + pur + 280 met + thi + pur- 0 met + thi- pur + 6 met + thi- pur- 52 (1) met? (2) (3) (4) met + thi + pur 1 met met met + metthi metpur metthi 6 + 52 met thi 100% 17. 16 metthi + metthi 6 + 52 + 280 + 0 metpur 52 + 0 metpur 100% 15. 38 metpur + metpur 6 + 52 + 280 + 0 2 thipurmet 3 met pur 15.38 met thi 17.16 pur thi 17.16-15.381.78 4 pur met thi met + thi + pur 14 araleu ilvh 1/2 P 1 ara + leu + ilvh + ara- leulivh- (1)(2) 1 ara leu ara ilvh+ ara leu ilvh+ 33

leu ara ilvh+ 2 ilvh+ ara ilvh+ leu 3 ilvh leu ara 15 str S mtl- [mtl + (mannitol)mtl- ] str R mtl + DNA str R mtl- str S mtl + DNA (1) (2) 2 2 DNA 16 trpc + pyrf- trpa- trpcpyrf + trpa + P1 trpc + (1) (2) trpc pyrf trpc trpa (3) P1 10µ 3 4 trpc + pyrftrpa- trpc + pyrf- trpa+1trpa 2trpC pyrf trpc + pyrf trpa trpc + trpc + + pyrf pyrf trpa trpa + + trpc + trpc + + pyrf pyrf + trpa trpa + + trpc + pyrf + trpa + = 274 + 2 = 45.9% 601 trpc trpa 34

trpc + pyrf trpa trpc + trpc + + pyrf pyrf trpa trpa + + trpc + trpc + + pyrf pyrf + + trpa trpa + trpc + pyrf + trpa + 274 + 279 = = 92.0% 601 3 DNA DNA L10µm X145.9X292.0 d = L(1 3 X ) 3 3 d 1 = L(1 X1) = 10(1 45.9%) = 2.29 µm 3 3 d 2 = L(1 X 2) = 10(1 92%) = 0.27 µm 17 Hfr gal + lac + (A) F- gal- lac- (B)A B gal + lac + B gal + F- A C C B lac + gal + C B B lac + F + C CB C F Hfr F+ Hfr F F C lac gal F lac 18(mal) F F- mal + F - mal - F mal + F - mal- F- (a) mal + mal- (b) mal- mal + F (a)(b) Mal+ Mal Mal+ Mal ` a b 35

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1 (P178-179) () (recon) (muton) ()(cistron) DNA / RNA (cis-trans test) (complementary test) 2 ----ab, --- -ab, 3 1 356 2 4 2 4 1356 24 7 1 DNA R R DNA S 2 DNA R DNA S 9 lacz lacy laco laci LacP 1 I O β 37

2 O Y F I O + Z β Z I 3 RNA Z F O Z β 4 RNA ZF I β 38

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3 DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA NaCl DNA 4. 1 2 3 DNA 5. 1 BACYAC PAC 2 3 6. I I+II 950 bp I II I II I+II 1100 950 950 150 200 I II 950 200 150 350 200 150 II 200bp 7. 6 DNA 12 Kb A N N A+N 8 N 8 kb A+N 1kb 3kb A 3Kb N A 8 1 3 N E N N+E 4 E N 8 1 25 E N+E 5 1 E 6 N 4 2 E N 2 2 A N 9 A B 40

C cm D µm bp kb 1. 2. 1 2 3 AB O 4 5 6DNA 7 DNA.. 8 9 10 11.... 12 13 14 14 3. a)ab; b)ab.b; c)ab.a; d)a.b.ab.o 2 AB a.o ; b.ab ; c.a B ; d.a ; e.b 3 a. A b.ab c.ab A d.a B 41

4. 1 2,, 3 () (5) (6) 15 (7) (8) (9) W(We).(w) (Wa) (10) (11) (12) (13) ( ) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19),M1,M2 ( ) (20) 5. 1. () (mutant) (multiple allele) DNA DNA mrna DNA 42

DNA DNA (transition) (transversion 2. A B SOS M 1,M 2,M 3 3. d;c;a,d. 4. 5. () () () () 43

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c c c c 45

2 46

47

48

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