Microsoft PowerPoint - IDI 5003 lecture 1A introduction display 2012 Fall Semester.pptx

平面顯示器概論課號 : IDI 5003 Fall Semester 2012, 課號 : 5097 (1:30 4:30 PM, Monday) Lecture 1A, 謝漢萍, Display Institute 顯示科技研究所 National lchiao Tung University it 國立交通大學 Hsinchu, Taiwan E-mail: hpshieh@mail.nctu.edu.twhi h@ il t Sep. 17, 2012 1

Office Hour 本課程為國際學程, 請以英語授課. English lecture 每一單元筆試或報告 Homework after each topics 2

學生如何下載 FPD 上課講義 1. 連結至顯示系統實驗室首頁 http://fpdlab.ieo.nctu.edu.tw/main.php t d t / i h 2. 點選上方資料下載

Taiwan Domestic Manufacturing Information Technology Sectors Metal & Mechanical Consumer Petrochemical 1999 growth: 13.6% -2.6% -5.3% 3.8% 26.00 24.00 18.3% 22.00, x100b 20.00 18.00 5.7% 5.6% NT, 16.00 14.00-1.2% 12.00 10.00 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 5

Structural change of Production Value in Manufacturing % 45 40 35 LCD 30 25 NB 20 IC 15 PC 10 5 0 year 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 Metail & machinery industry Chemistry industry 6 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Information& electron industry Food, textile & other industry

Display : The nature of human need > 2,000 BC 105 1900 ( 清溪渔隐图 ) 1922 First Color TV 7

Display : The growing of LCD Display 1888 LC was discovered 1970 - Twisted nematic field effect 1973- Seiko LCD digital watch 1970-1990 Passive Matrix LCD( STN, CSTN) 1990- Active Matrix TFT LCD Windows 3.0, May, 1990 32-bit CPU: 80486, April 10, 1989 9

TFT-LCD Diversified Applications IT Applications AV & Mobile Phone DVC Notebook PC DSC Mobile Phone Printer Monitor PMP Industrial Applications POS LCD TV Car Digital Signage Medical 10

Flat-Panel Display - INTRODUCTION Electro-Optical device or subsystem Convert electrical signal into visual imagery in Real Time Direct interpretation by human observer Human interface betw' user and machine Scaled to human visual and anatomical requirements Light weight, low profile Low power consumption 11

400,000 Taiwan Photonics WW Market Share: 15% unit:million US$ WW Photonics Revenue 350,000 Optical components 300,000 Communication 250,000 Storage 200,000 150,000 I/O 100,000 Display 50,000 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 LED Ti Taiwan Photonics Pht Revenue Display: #1 in Photonics. 40% WW Market Share. Enable NB, PC, Monitor Mobile display, etc. LCD-TV, HD-TV. Novel applications. Unit: Million US $ 12

Electronic Information Display Flat Panel Display (FPD) By Luminance Non-Emission Emission LCD By Driving D-TFD Active Matrix TFT LCD Passive Matrix PDP FED OLED By Materials a-si TFT Poly-Si TFT By Process HTPS TFT LTPS TFT By Liquid Crystal TN LCD STN LCD By Gas By Phosphor By Organic 13

Electronic Information Displays Flexible Display Wall Hang Display LCD Rear Projection Monitor Display PDA HMD NBPC OLED/PLED on LTPS LTPS LCD CNT FED or OLED/PLED LTPS LCD LTPS LCD α-si LCD(x3), 1 α-si LCD LTPS LCD(x1), 3 OLED/LTPS OLED on LTPS Reflective LTPS LCD on Plastic OLED on LTPS Reflective LTPS LCD -- High Resolution -- Full Color --Wide Viewing Angle --Light Thin Short Small Rear Projection TV & Monitor Front Projection Display α-si LCD(x3), 1 LTPS LCD(x1), 3 High Information Content Displays --Low Power High Efficiency --Video Speed Fast Response Time --No Image Artifact --No EMI Recycle-able 14 Naked-Eye 3D Display E-Book

創新需求帶動顯示器持續成長 Digital TV, Home theater, Kitchen TV, Bedroom TV, Bathroom TV, Home shopping Smart Phone, Personal Phone, Mobile TV UMPC, EeePC, Classmate PC, OLPC 資料來源 : 工研院 IEK (2007/10) 15

The World s Largest PDP TV 150 (2008) 16

OLED 40 a-si based 1280 x 800 Pixel Sony 3 mm thin 11 OLED TV AMOLED 17

108 World Largest LCD-TV (2007) 18

Flexible Displays E-ink OLED LCD 19

平面顯示器重要應用市場發展趨勢 Global Display Market Trends for Selected Applications 250,000 Global Display Market Trends for Selected Applications 200,000000 200,000 Units s: '000 150,000 100,000 ts: '000 Unit 150,000 100,000000 50,000 50,000 0 2006 2007(e) 2008(f) 2009(f) 2010(f) 2011(f) 0 2006 2007(e) 2008(f) 2009(f) 2010(f) 2011(f) OLED T V - 3 80 350 1,200 3,100 Notebook PC 73,655 102,550 125,300 148,000 167,300 181,500 e-book 2,557 2,803 3,028 3,321 3,697 4,214 LCD Monitor 128,362 175,510 195,750 209,100 219,000 221,000 Digital Photo Frame 6,000 10,500 22,000 28,600 35,800 39,900 LCD TV 45,990 79,850 106,500 129,800 145,500 155,157 Portable Media Player 57,800 81,100 112,050 148,000 185,000 212,000 PDP TV 9,600 11,950 14,250 16,500 18,200 19,700 Portable DVD Player 24,200 26,600 28,500 30,100 31,250 32,100 Rear Projection TV 3,678 1,550 937 464 236 109 PND 16,323 37,414 52,473 67,287 78,530 82,510 CRT TV 125,120 102,600 88,400 77,500 68,500 61,200 PDA Phone 39,020 47,210 56,500 65,230 74,120 82,120 LCD TV CAGR = 27.5% Notebook PC CAGR = 19.8% LCD Monitor CAGR = 11.5% PDP TV CAGR = 15.5% RP TV CAGR = - 50.5% 5% CRT TV CAGR = - 13.3% OLED TV CAGR = 467% E-Book CAGR = 10.5% PDA Phone CAGR = 16.0% Portable Media Player CAGR = 29.7% Portable DVD Player CAGR = 5.8% Portable Navigation Device CAGR = 38.3% Digital Photo Frame CAGR = 46.1% 全球電視市場, 除了 CRT 與 RP TV 衰退外,LCD TV Notebook PC 與 PDP TV 市場均呈高度成長, 估計 CAGR( 06~ 11) 11) 分別約為 27.5% 19.8% 15.5%,20085% 年 LCD TV 出貨量將超越 CRT TV 達 1 億台 50 吋以下平面電視市場將以 LCD TV 為主 ;50 吋以上平面電視市場以 PDP TV 較具競爭力資料來源 : 工研院 IEK (2007/11) 20

TFT LCD Forecast by Applications (Area) 90,000,000 Unit:M2 Public Display 80,000,000 70,000,000 60,000,000 NB >11% PDA Pachinko Others Notebook PC Multi Function Printer MP3 Player Mobile Telephone Sub 50,000,000000 000 Mobile Telephone 40,000,000 30,000,000 20,000,000 10,000,000 LCD TV >50% MNT >35% 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data Source: DisplaySearch 1Q 07 21 LCD TV Industrial Handheld TV Game e-book DVD Digital Camera Digital Album Desktop Monitor Camcorder Automobile Monitor

Taiwan FPD industries clusters NCTU Taiwan FPD revenue in 2007: $50 B NCTU is at the center of the largest cluster. 22

廠商數目 : 面板廠 FPD Cluster Effect in Taiwan *TN/STN LCD: 20 ( 勝華碧悠全台晶像凌巨訊倉南亞等 ) *TFT LCD: 8 ( 友達奇美華映瀚宇彩晶廣輝統寶群創元太 ) *PDP: 2 ( 台朔光電中華映管 ) *OLED/PLED: 7( 錸寶東元激光瀚立光電悠景光磊勝園聯宗光電 ) *LCOS : 3( 聯誠光電台灣微像奇景光電 ) 零組件廠 * 彩色濾光片 : 8 ( 和鑫劍度展茂彩煇凸版奇美勝華昌益 ) * 背光模組 : 20( 瑞儀中強光電輔祥科橋台灣奈普大億和立聯合等) * 偏光片 : 4 ( 力特日東電工協臻 ) * 玻璃基板 ( 含 ITO): 10 ( 康寧旭硝子 NHT 碧悠國際光電默克勝華等 ) * 驅動 IC : 10 ( 聯詠華邦天鈺世紀民生凌越奇景光電等 ) Source: CIPO (2004/3) 新竹地區 TFT : 4( 友達統寶群創元太 ) TN/STN : 4( 碧悠國喬訊倉凌巨 ) 玻璃基板 : 1( 碧悠國際光電 ) 背光模組 : 2 ( 中強光電興隆發 ) 彩色濾光片 : 3 ( 和鑫劍度彩煇 ) ITO : 2 ( 劍度錸德 ) 驅動 IC : 4 ( 聯詠華邦天鈺世紀民生 ) LCOS: 2 ( 聯誠光電台灣微像 ) OLED/PLED : 5 ( 錸寶瀚立光電悠景東元激光光磊 ) 光罩 :1(HOYA) 台中地區 TFT:1 ( 友達 ) TN/STN : 3( 勝華光聯愛普生 ) OLED/PLED : 1( 勝園 ) 背光模組 :1( 輔祥 ) 偏光片 : 1( 日東光學協臻 ) 彩色濾光片 :1(: 勝華 ) ITO : 1 ( 勝華 ) 玻璃基板 :2 ( 康寧 NEG) 雲林玻璃基板 : 1( 旭硝子 ) PDP :1( 台朔光電 ) 台南地區 TFT : 1( 奇美電子瀚宇彩晶 ) OLED/PLED : 1 ( 聯宗光電 ) 玻璃基板 :2 ( 康寧 NHT) 背光模組 : 2 ( 大億和立聯合 ) 彩色濾光片 : 3 ( 凸版奇美南鑫 ) LCOS: 1( 奇景光電 ) 偏光片 :1( 力特住華 ) 光罩 :1( 頂正 ) 23 CCFL:2 (Stanly West) n n n 台北地區 CCFL:Harison 桃園地區 NCTU the center of the cluster TFT : 3( 中華映管瀚宇彩晶廣輝電子 ) TN/STN : 2 ( 南亞塑膠中華映管 ) 玻璃基板 : 1( 中晶 ) ITO:1 ( 默克光電 ) 彩色濾光片 :1 ( 展茂 ) 偏光片 : 2 ( 力特協臻 ) PDP : 1( 中華映管 ) 背光模組 :3 ( 台灣奈普茂林科橋 ) 高雄地區 TN/STN : 5( 全台晶像昌益華生夏普中日新 ) 彩色濾光片 : 1( 昌益 ) 背光模組 : 2 ( 瑞儀光電夏普 )

FPD Infrastructure in Taiwan Equ uipments Man nufacturin ng Dry Processin g Equip.(6) Wet Processin g Equip.(11) Array 志聖工業聚川企業聚川企業鑫力工業均碩光電和立聯合凌嘉科技揚博企業友大科技亞智科技達合企業福崙利器嵩展科技兆同企業億尚精密上智超音波敘豐群錄自動化 1 CELL Assembly Equip.(10) Cell Assembly 真空 PUMP 液晶 CELL 抽真空氮氣灌入氮氣液晶灌入面板中面板下降 3 4 福崙利器東捷半導體緯瑩億尚精密愛玻麗工業詳誠企業精一機械伍益機械大震網印機械敏盛科技 2 Inspection, testing(3) 金屬框構裝設備 (2) 間隔橡膠力聲光電華東半導體東捷半導體億尚精密鈞勇 LC Module 偏光板導光板 LCD 面板液晶灌滿後 PCB TAB-IC 面板上昇冷螢光燈管背光座矽膠鐵框 TFT- LCD (7) Panels 元太華映友達奇美統寶廣輝瀚宇彩晶 PDP 華映友 (3) 達台灣塑膠. Co omponen nts Glass Sub. (7) ITO Glass (9) 碧悠康寧中晶正達正太 ( 切割 ) 台灣板保台灣發殷科技. 錸德劍度正太冠華默克光電洪氏英科技 ( 觸控面板用 ). Color Filter( 8) Polarize r ( 4) Alignmen t layer (1) 和鑫劍度展茂奇美彩輝台灣國際凸版彩光. 力特華佳協臻日東電工汎納克亞化光電旭硝子發殷. 大立. Note: High end 設備及材料之 Maker 較少 24 Backlit ( 20) Driver IC ( 10) 和立瑞儀科橋輔祥大億寰宇大安福華奈普康竣晶達精邁天瑞光興中強中光電興隆發威力盟聯詠華邦凌陽立生敦茂漢磊天下大王奇景天鈺 TN/STN ( 20) OLED (5) 九立華映碧悠光聯昌益南亞凌巨訊倉. 勝園翰立錸寶悠景東元激光.

台灣平面顯示器產業發展展望 TFT LCD(>10") TFT LCD(<10") TN/STN LCD OLED Others Color Filter Polarizer Glass Backlight 35,000 Unit: NTD 100 0M 30,000000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 FPD CAGR( 06~ 11)=18.2% -Panels CAGR=19 19.1% 1% 29,332 27,619 -Key Components CAGR=15.6% 25,016 7,058 21,455 6,412 5,542 17,783 4,660 12,720 3604 3,604 20,561 18,604 15,913 13,123 7,450 21,882 5,000 9,116 0 2006 2007(e) 2008(f) 2009(f) 2010(f) 2011(f) 資料來源 : 工研院 IEK (2007/11) 25

Ideal Display Parameters High brightness and contrast Wide viewing angles Full-color Fast response - wide temperature range Low power consumption (and voltage) Light-weight and compact Robust Low cost 27

Display Panel Data In Timingi Controller Gamma Reference Voltages Vcom Ref Column Drivers Power In Multi-Source DC/DC Converter & LDO Row Drivers Display 28

A View of Existing Displays 29

Features of Display System Viewing Angle Brightness Color Weight Display Diagonal Size Resolution Contrast Ratio Power Consumption 30

TFT LCD Technologies for TV Display Quality Resolution Screen Size Reflective.. Gamma correction Motion picture Uniformity Viewing angle Contrast ratio Brightness Color Color Filter TFT Liquid Crystal LC modes Film Response time Impulse Backlight Edge enhancement Black expansion Peripherals 31

Color Generation Additive color Subtractive color Primary Colors Red (R) Green (G) Blue (B) RGB All together: WHITE Displays Primary Colors: Cyan (C) Magenta (M) Yellow (Y) and (optionally) Black (K) CMYK All together: BLACK Papers 32

Color Filters BLACK MATRIX A. Structure B. Transmission ITO OVERCOAT R G B R G B GLASS WHITE LIGHT MISSION (%) TRANS 100 80 60 B G R 40 20 0 400 450 500 550 600 650 WAVELENGTH (nm) Light efficiency: 0.3x0.8~24% Resolution: 3 sub-pixels form a pixel Not preferred for projection displays 700 33 (Tani et al, IDRC 94, p.103)

Color Enhancement 1931CIE Chromaticity Color Space 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 CIE NTSC EBU srgb,hdtv 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 34 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

Display Families Number of Pixel (thousand) 2000 1000 p-si LCD a-si LCD CMT HDTV p-si LCD Projection XGA 400 300 CRT PDP Projection TV SVGA VGA 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 100 200 Diagonal Display Size (inch) 35

Display Size and Resolution 36

FPD Technology Prospective Trend Key display and spec. Technologies Large Size High Image quality Low cost Light weight Projection Direct view 前投式 100"~ 200" 背投式 40"~ 80" 40"~ 80" PDP 10.4"~ 50" a-tft LCD LTPS HTPS DMD LCoS 精細化 SVGA UXGA/HDTV LTPS HTPS DMD LCoS 對比度 100:1 500:1 Super-IPS 全彩色 64 萬色 1670 萬色驅動方式改良廣視角 150 170 IPS MVA Super-IPS 高輝度 150cd/m 2 500cd/m 2 LTPS Super-IPS 高應答省驅動 IC 提高生產效益 40ms 25ms 8ms 半 / 反射式塑膠基板可撓式基板 COG SOP Environment 省能源生產製程減量減廢 al friendly 資料來源 : 工研院整理 (2002/10) 37 LC 材料改良 Super-IPS 驅動方式改進 LTPS 次世代量產技術 OLED/PLED 設計改良製程改良替代性材料

Paradigm Shift in the Display World 3 rd wave: Unification of Information & Communication, Digital TVs, Wireless digital networks. 38

AMLCD: 2010 Monitor 40 TV Monitor NB 15 NB 1990 2000 2010 1990 2000 2010 Screen size 1.44X/3 years Resolution 4X/3 years Kitahara et al, IDW 02, p.291 39

Major Si-TFT Technologies Parameters a-si p-si c-si 1. Electron Mobility: 1 10 2 10 3 2. TFT OFF-current: 10-12 10-12 10-13 3. TFT ON-current (A): 10-4 10-4 10-3 4. Dots pitch/inch: 300 1000 2000 5. Pixel Size (µm): 80 25 10 6. Infrastructures: Good Fair Ex 7. Panel Size: L+M M+S S a-si: Large panel; p-si: Medium; c-si: Micro-display 41

TFT-LCD : Superior Technology Camera & Camcorder Car Navigator / Portable DVD Tablet PC Mobile Phone LCD TV LCD Monitor 42 Notebook

90 o Twisted-Nematic Cell LC Configuration Electro-Optic Effect POLARIZER 100 GLASS LC TRANS SMITTANCE (%) 80 60 40 20 R G B GLASS 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 VOLTAGE (V rms) Broadband /2 plate Hi h i Low operation voltage Response: ~30 ms Narrow view angle POLARIZER High contrast ratio V=0 V~5V rms Schadt & Helfrich, APL 18, 127 (1971) 43

Torque Spatial Distribution Example T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(20 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(60 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(100 o ) T = ½ o o( ( - )E 2 sin(140 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(180 o ) T = ½ o o( ( - )E 2 sin(160 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(120 o ) T = ½ - 2 o o ( )E sin(80 ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(40 o ) T = ½ - 2 o o ( )E sin(0 ) T = k(x,t) E 2 44 T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(0 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(40 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(80 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(120 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(160 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(180 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(140 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(100 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(60 o ) T = ½ o ( - )E 2 sin(20 o )

90 o -TN Cell: View Angle Analyzer BM Substrate 120 =90 60 ITO TFT Color Filter Electric Field 150 30 180 60 30 30 60 0 Polarizer L R ITO 210 240 CR = 50 CR = 10 CR = 5 270 300 330 Asymmetric viewing Insufficient view angle 45

TFT-LCD Configuration 46

Transmissive TFT-LCD Gate or row electrode Common electrode Color filter a-si TFTs ITO TFT substrate Polarizer 240 µm Polarizer Common substrate Backlight Diffuser Data or column electrode Gate or row electrode LC Each pixel is independently driven by a TFT 47

Cross-Sectional View of a-si:h TFT Pixel 48

Structure of TFT-LCD cell Polarizer Top Glass Color Filter CommonElectrode (ITO) Seal Liquid Crystal Layer Seal Bottom Glass Polarizer TFT Pixel Electrode Spacer 49

Configuration of typical transmission LCDs Optical Efficiency: 8 10% Polarizer R G G B R R G Color Filter TFT Polarizer 50 Back light System

Household Energy Consumption TVs & Computers: 9% of household energy usages in USA 51 51

LCD-TV Power Consumption 213 n (W) umption Powe er Cons 78 Energy Star V.4 (2010, 5) 115 Reduction by 50% 108 81 Energy Star V.5 (2012, 5) 55 TV Size (inch) 52 52

Optical Throughput of LCDs Optical Throughput < 10% Analyzer: 95% Color Filter : 33% Normally 5% of LCD energy efficiency due to complicated LC Transmittance: 90% structure and components. TFT Array: TFT Array: 60% 1080p HDTV, wide color Polarizer: 45% gamut bulbs, VA, IPS wide viewing modes all contribute RGB LED to lower FPD efficiency. CCFL B/L: 70% Backlight (Full on) 5353

Eco-Display Low power consumption, fewer material/components, environmental friendly Color Filter-- 32-inch LCD panel materials cost structure Driver IC 5% Inverter PCB, etc: 14% 5% Glass: 10% - 30 % optical thruput Backlight Others 23% - 20 % materials cost 2% R, G, B, (W) LED-- LC: 6% Chemicals - wide color gamut Polarizer-- - 40% optical thruput - 10 % material cost 4% Target: 2% 54 54 Polarizer 10% Color Filter 19% Ref:DisplaySearch http://www.displaysearch.com.tw/

Approaches for Low Power LCD s 48% down Source:iSuppli 2008 55 55

Low Power Green Display Demo Video 電視佔家庭的用電量 15% Provided by CPT 32-inch FSC-LCD OCB-mode LC 1366 768 BL 48 24 (1152) LEDs Field rate 240 Hz (4- field) P avg = 35 W 56

Battery Powered LCD s? 120Hz 2-Field Sequential Display CF-Less x 280% Polarizer-free x 170% Improved ~11x Local RGBW + Angle Control x 240% Conventional - Plug-in LCD-TV 32 LCD: 110 Watt Next Gen. - Battery-on LCD-TV 32 LCD: <15 Watt 57 57

Conventional Backlight System Uniform output Uniform output Top diffuser Top diffuser Prism sheet Prism sheet Bottom diffuser Bottom diffuser Diffusive plate Light g guide g plate p LED Reflector Reflector High brightness Thin format Large size Low brightness Thick format Small size Edge-lit Edge lit LED BL Direct-lit Direct lit LED BL LED 5858

Configuration of reflective LCDs Polarizer C o lo r filte r R e f le c to r TFT elem ent 59 LC layer

Reflective/Transflective LCD s Transmissive Transflective Reflective type Polarizer Polarizer Ambient light Quarter wave Polarizer plate Color filter Quarter wave Color plate filter Color filter Liquid Liquid crystal crystal Liquid Polarizer crystal Inner reflector Inner reflector Quarter wave plate Back light High Low Polarizer brightness, Power consumption poor contrast Wash Unreadable out at in outdoor dark room Back light 60

Front and Reflective LCD Projectors Mirror Viewer Screen Projector 2~3 m Screen 0.5 ~0.8 m LCD projector 61

Application of LCDs 62

Digital Mirror Display (DMD) MEMS based http://chihyao.com.tw/ad/dlp_a nimate.htm Totally invisible: > 1000Hz RGB Almost invisible: 540Hz RGB Slightly visible: 360Hz RGB 360Hz RGB >540Hz is almost impossible for LCD But~ Color Breakup HAVE TO be solved 63 Unacceptable: 180Hz RGB

Revolution of LCD s 64

Fab. Cost of TFT-LCD Lines 65

TFT-LCD Past 10 year Technology Evolution (Technology History) 80 Pocket TVs started with low yield 1988-10.4 VGA for NPCs Color gamut <40% Brightness <80nits 90 1997 start of 14.1 NPC panels Color gamut <60% 1997 IPS, VA & other WV Technologies introduced Brightness 80~ 200nits 1998 CRT Monitor replace started 2000~ 2000~ intensive research for video quality - LC response time, over driving method 2002 LCD-TV market started Color gamut 72% Brightness 250nits monitor 500nits TV Source: Jun H. Souk, IDMC 2005 66

Prospects of FPD Industry in Taiwan Expanding STN lines; Moving TN productions out of Taiwan. Note-PC & LCD Monitor growing, WW sharing >40% after 00. Large TFT-LCD panels production started Q2/ 99. 6 new G-3/G-3.5 lines gradually on-line, followed immediately by another 3~5 G-4 lines for those existing companies. 40%±10% of world TFT-LCD production capacity in 2005. Low-temp p-si (LTPS) for the next wave. Key to competitiveness: technology advancement by participating companies and continuing governmental strategic support. 67

TFT-LCD Past 10 year Technology Evolution (Overall Performance) Continuous Performance Upgrade & continuous cost down Contrast Ratio Brightness Power Consumption 1990 1995 2003 Cost Source: Jun H. Souk, IDMC 2005 68

TFT-LCD Past 10 year Technology Evolution (Performance vs determining critical factors) Critical items Critical factors to improve Contrast Ratio Brightness Power Consumption Cost Improve Polarization High voltage drive Compensation film Panel aperture ratio efficient back light high purity color filter light enhance films Panel aperture ratio Low voltage drive Low power parts Productivity Materials saving Simplified process Volume production Contrast ratio=white/black NW mode V up, black down NB mode V up, white up Light leakage control 3~4%, data line width Source: Jun H. Souk, IDMC 2005 69

TFT-LCD Past 10 year Technology Evolution (Evolution of LC Speed) Evolution of LCD Speed for Video Quality 50-70 msec 25-40 msec 25 msec 90th 2000 2001 20 msec ~ 12 msec ~16 msec ~10 msec gray to gray gray to gray (w/over driving) (w/over driving) 2002 2003 Source: Jun H. Souk, IDMC 2005 70 Rising time - voltage Falling time - LC viscosity

Past 10 year technology Evolution (Panel Size & Glass size) Panel size increases every 2 years NPC : 9.4 (1990) - 10.4 (1994) - 12.1 (1995) -14.1 (1998) - 15.0 (2002) Monitor : 15.0 (1998) - 17 (2000) - 19 (2002) (1) Continuous Enlargement of Next Gen. Mother Glass 93 - Gen.2 370x470 95 - Gen.3 550x650 98 - Gen.3.5 600x720 00 - Gen.4 680x880, 720x 930 02 - Gen.5 1100x1250 03 - Gen. 6 1500 x 1800 (2) Continuous Process innovation for Low cost mfg. 4 mask TFT Process One Drop Filling - Slit coat - Column spacer achieve cost target for market expansion Source: Jun H. Souk, IDMC 2005 71 Gen.5 2001

Past 10 year technology Evolution (Mother glass size) Gen 3.5 Gen 4 Gen 5 Gen 6 Gen 7 600 X 720 730 X 920 1100 1250 1500 1850 1870 X 2250 14.1 / 17 15 / 17 / 42 19 / 32 TV (32 /40 / 46 ) (X9) (X6) (x15)/(x12) (X2) (x16)/(x8) (X12)(X8)( X6) 600x720 730x920 1100x1250 1500x1850 1870x2250 100 Gen 3.5 X1.5 150 Gen 4 X 2 300 X 2 600 X 1.5 950 Gen 5 Gen 6 Gen 7 Productivity enhance by Gen. 5-6-7 mother glass Source: Jun H. Souk, IDMC 2005 72

TFT-LCD 製造與應用趨勢 TV Application -Technology : a-si -Glass Thick. : 1.1-0.7-0.6mm Enlargement with PC Applications (Note, Monitor) -Technology : a-si -Glass Thick. : 1.1mm / 0.7mm 1000 X 1200 α} + PC Applications -Technology : a-si / Poly-Si -Glass Thick. : < 0.5mm -High Reso. / Higher TACT Tools 880-920 15-17 Mobile Applications (Poly - Si, OLED) -Technology : a -Si/ Poly -Si -Glass Thick. : <0.3mm -High Reso. / Higher TACT Tools 400 1990 10.4 300 465-500 10.4 Generation-1 360-400 0 65 12.1 550 Generation-2 Generation-3 680-730 Generation-5 Generation-4 Generation-7 Generation-6 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR 2002 SEMI PCS-FPD Phase-IV Road Map 73

TV MNT NB S&M WW TFT-LCD Fab Gen. Evolution 2X TV 14.1 X 6 G3.5 12.1 X 6 G3 G2 550*650 3X TV 4X TV 26 X 6 17 X 6 G4.5 15 x 6 G4 15 X 6 600*720 610*720 620*750 680*880 > 5X TV 57 X 6 52 x 8 40 X 12 46 X 6 G8 42 x 8 G7.5 37 X 12 G7 37 X 6 32 X 8 G6 G5 730*920 1500*1800 1500*1850 1870*2200 G9? 1950*2250 2160*2400 2180*2460 2400*2800 1000*1200 Mother glass size grew 1.5 times 1100*1250 1250 1100*1300 every 3 years 1200*1300 30 X 2 23 X 2 G2 G6 G5 G4 G3.5 G3 1m x 1m G1 360*465 370*470 300*400 320*400 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 74 2002 2004 2006 2008

2006/08 Taiwan 第一片 G7.5 產出之 42 TV 面板 76

Generation Migration in TFT-LCD Mother Glass size grew 3x per year in average. G8 G7.5 G6 2m x 2m K mm 2 G8 2160x2460 G7.5 1950x2250 G7 1870x2200 G5 G4 G3 G2 1m x 1m 10000 9000 G6 1500x1850 8000 G5 1100x1300 7000 G4 680x880 6000 5000 G3.5 600x720 4000 G3 550x670 3000 G2 370x470 2000 G1 300x400 1000 0 May-90 Jan-93 Oct-95 Jul-98 Apr-01 Jan-04 Oct-06 Relative Glass Size in Each Generation 77 TFT LCD Generation Migration

半導體每一世代可延續十年以上平均十五年面積才增加 2.25 倍 6 inch 8 inch 78

TFT-LCD Past 10 year Technology Evolution ( Large Screen LCD-TV Panel) Continuous Race on Panel Size First Samsung 40 inch LCD-TV Aug 01 Samsung 54 inch LCD-TV Dec 02 LG Philips 55 inch LCD-TV Oct 03 Samsung 57 inch LCD-TV Nov 03 Sharp 65 inch LCD-TV Oct 04 Source: Jun H. Souk, IDMC 2005 79

Large Size TFT-LCD Samsung 82 ( 05/3) Samsung 57 ( 03/11) Samsung 54 ( 02/12) Samsung 46 ( 02/10) Samsung 40 ( 01/8) LPL 55 ( 03/10/8) LPL 52 ( 02/12) LPL 42 ( 02) Sharp 65 ( 04/10) Sharp 45 ( 04/7) AUO 46 ( 03/9) CMO 47 ( 03/10) SEC 40 SEC 46 LPL 52 AUO 46 LPL 55 Sharp 45 SEC 82 02 03 04 05 LPL 42 SEC 54 80CMO 47 SEC 57 Sharp 65

The World s Largest LCD-TV 82 (2006) 81

LCD TV Set Volume Forecast The penetration rate will be 250 approaching Mn Sets 50% next year 250 140% 200 120% 100% 150 80% 100 60% 40% 50 20% 0 2004 2005 2006 2007(F) 2008(F) 2009(F) 2010(F) 0% LCD TV 9 21 46 75 97 119 146 Total TV 180 186 194 195 208 217 224 Penetration 5% 11% 24% 38% 47% 55% 65% 82

FPD Equipment Grows up in Taiwan from 98-04 Different Generation of FPD Equipment 3.5 G 6G Glass size(mm) 620X750 100% 1500X1800 580% Foot Print(m 2 ) 5X6 100% 14X15 700% Weight (ton/chamber) 4.5 100% 45.3 1001% Weight(ton/set) 26.5 100% 123.2 465% Only Consider Material, Price should be around 5 times 83

Weight of G6 Equipment is about that of 20 Elephants 84

新世代超乎想像的挑戰 : 克服機台重量 34m? 1 台第 7.5 代 PVD (Source: Ulvac Co.) 125? 台 Camry XLE (Source : Toyota.com ) 85

G7.5 巨大機台 PVD 物理氣相沉積 CVD 化學氣相沉積 (Metal Sputter) : 長 9.8 公尺 : 長達, 重量 21 公尺 89, 噸重量 188 噸 Photo : 長達 68 公尺, 重量 242 噸 86

Sharp 於大阪設立十代線從鄰近地區調度材料近畿地區產研人材支援薄膜太陽電池彩色濾光片凸版 &DNP 玻璃原材料 ( 矽石等 ) TFT 液晶玻璃康寧物流能源氣體化學品等資料來源 : 日經, 工研院 IEK(2007/11) 87

Intelligent Eco 3D TV Eco Display 3D Display and 3D Interaction Intelligent Backlight Smart Circuit Intelligent 3D Interaction ti Eco-3D Image 88

3D Related Researches 3D Backlight 3D Human Factor 3D Pixel 3D Interaction 89 3D Components

Spatial-Temporal 3D Display Super-Wide Viewing 3D Display Super Wide Viewing [Time-sequential] 3D Display 3D Interaction (3D Touch Panel) (X, Y) + (Z, t( )) Temporal domain x Z Spatial domain Active Scanning Film + Time Sequential Display 5 4 3 2 6 11 17 12 18 10 16 9 15 14 8 13 7 90 1