040709
8:1 1:2 1200~2400Lux 24 1
2
Ecosphere NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Advanced Life-support Program 9 8 Gorgonia ( ) 1 2 (producer) (consumer) (decomposer) Gorgonia 2-3 10 5 3
2 1.3 3 2 1 2 20 4
11 O 2 CO 2 5
ph 0.01g 0.1%BTB 10-5 M NaHCO 3 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ABCD TetraTest 6
23 200ml 0.5ml 1 1. 60ml BOD 2.reagent 1MnCl 2 0.5ml reagent 2NaI+NaOH 0.5ml Tip 3.H 2 SO 4 28 1.0ml BOD 2 1 () 10-2 M NaHCO 3 10-5 M ()80c.c. 10-5 M NaHCO 3 250ml () NaHCO 3 ph ph4710 ph () CO 2 H (CO 2 H 2 OH HCO - 3 ) ph CO 2 7
CO 2 NaHCO 3 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 ph ph CO 2 ph CO 2 p ph ppm./ 301 1 4 NH 3 (peptone) (Nessler s reagent) 8
NH + - 4 + O 2 NO 2 + H 2 O NO - 2 + O 2 NO - 3 1. 5ml 2. #1 14 3. #2 7 20 4. 1 10 5. #3 7 10 6. NO - 3 NO - 2 NO N 2 (Durham tube) 9
ph 1 10
1 26 ::28 26 28 ph 7.85 7.54 7.87 7.41 mg/l 3.677 4.937 7.687 6.7 (Lux) 2560 1580 1580 1200 (hr) 8 8~10 8 10 CO 2 CO 2 O 2 CO 2 CO 2 *ND ( ) 18 16 110 110 * ( ) *ND * ph 11
1. ph 7.5 2628 2. 1500Lux 2560Lux 3. 810 4. CO 2 CO 2 5. 6. 1:6 1:10 7. 7mg/L 4mg/L 8. 9. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1500lux 4. 24 5. 6. 12 12
CO 2 O 2 CO 2 O 2 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 1 10-5 M NaHCO 3 CO 2 28 1450Lux CO 2 ph CO 2 1 2 11g 13
2 1g 1 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 O 2 1g CO 2 2 7mg/l CO 2 1. 10 5 M NaHCO 3 CO 2 CO 2 2. 30 CO 2, ph CO 2 3 4 14
31g gl 41g 3 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 4 CO 2 15
CO 2 CO 2 1. A C 0246810ml 20ml 2. B D 2.0g 60c.c. 0 246810ml 20ml 3. 28 1500Lux 3 CO 2 5 5 CO 2 5 A~D CO 2 CO 2 B C C CO 2 C C CO 2 16
D 1 2ml + NH 4 NH 4 + NO 2 - NO 2 - NO 3 - NO 3 - N 2 A1 A2 0.1g A3 A4 A5 A1ml B1ml C1ml B1 *ND *ND B2 0.2g B3 B4 B5 A2ml B2ml C2ml *ND C C 17
+ NH 4 + NH 4 C CO 2 O 2 CO 2 1g CO 2 0.469ppm1g CO 2 1.3ppm C 1c.c. 0.074ppm CO 2 24 3:1 CO 2 O 2 O 2 1g 1.5 18
ABS 0.481 0.485 0.482 um 0.483 300.3 303.9 301.2 301.8 um um um um 306.2 1.5hr 306.2 301.0 328.3 4.4 4.4-0.8 26.5 4.4 12.85 330.5 480.6 356.5 1.5hr 277.3 290.6 309.3 28.7 178.8 54.7-24.5-11.2 7.5 87.4 83-7.4-20. 25 1.5 um 3 166uM 20.25 um 3-4.796mg/L -150mg/L 11 CO 2 O 2 1:1 6CO 2 +12H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 +6O 2 +6H 2 O CO 2 O 2 1:1 CO 2 O 2 CO 2 3:1 O 2 1:1 19
=1:1,2:1,3:1,4:1,5:1 1g 250ml ph ppm + CO 2 + 31 51 CO 2 20
7mg/L 5:1 O 2 ph =4:18:1 12:1 10 1ml 8 1. = 1:2 2. 1500 Lux 24 10 BTB ph =41 =81 =121 g g 4.0 2 4 6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 ml 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 BTB 4 ph 4 1.9 0.3 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 (mg/l) 7.80 5.34 1.149 3.69 3.69 6.46 =41 81 21
7mg/l 12:1 ph ph 12:1 BTB CO 2 8 =121 =81 BTB 10-5 M NaHCO 3 8:1 121500Lux 24 ~ A : 2:1 1:1 1:2 BTB 7 ph 7 6.86.9 6.87.2 6.9ND 22
B (Lux) 600 1200 2400 BTB 7 ph 7 6.86.3 7.06.3 6.88.4 ND C hr 8 12 16 BTB 7 ph 7 6.96.2 6.86.3 7.06.3 D 1:5 1:10 BTB 7 ph 7 7.06.3 7.49.1 7.1ND 1:2 2 BTB 2:1 BTB 600Lux 1200 ph 2400lux 1200~2400 1500Lux 8~16 23
8 610 24 ph =1:10 3 ph 2 / cm g g ml ph / 10 2 0.75 0.0025 10.4 4 / 15 4 1.5 0.005 10.4 1 / 20 8 23 0.01 8.6 3 4 1.5 0.005 10.2 24
* 1. 10-5 M NaHCO 3 2. 12 3. 1:10 4. 1500Lux 24 5. 32.2 40.50.005 25
ph ph ph ph4,7,10 ph ph 26
CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 O 2 131922 CO 2 27
1. 2. 3. 13 4. ABCD AC BD B D CO 2 3~5 7~8 2 1. 20 12 30 1000 28
39 1 20500 2. 3. CO 2 CO 2 ph ph 8.5 22 29
CO 2 O 2 8:1 12 2 II II 30
1. / 2. / 3. / 4. / 5. / 6. Vaclav Smil / 7. Gerhard Brummer/Peter Beck 8. / 9. / 10. / 11./ 1. http://tfish.hk.st/ 2. http://tknet.tku.edu.tw/u7051103/ 3. www.deluer.com 4. http://www2.seeder.net.tw/tut/ 5. Ecosphere Associates Inc. http://www.eco-sphere.com 6.http://yamtopia.com.tw/user/bdupla/index.htm/ 7. 31