Ps22Pdf

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1997, 32 (CIP) : /,, 20006 ISBN 7-5021 - 2822-0 - : - - TE1-53 CI P (1999) 51821 (100011 ) 787 1092 16 2425 621 11000 2000 6 1 2000 6 1 ISBN 7-5021 - 2822-0/ T E2207 : 4800

( 1) 10 (46) (56) (68) (86) (93) ( 101) ( 111) ( 121) ( 130) ( 142) 1 ( 153) 91 ( 168) ( 179) 81 ( 189) ( 198) ( 212) 4 ( 221) ( 227) ( 234) ( 248) ( 261) ( 274) ( 282) ( 288) ( 298) ( 302) ( 316) ( 325) ( 347) ( 362) ( 375)

( ) (, : 100724),,,,, 1996, 2437m, 1167m/, 52m/ h, 6414d, 1990,, 294 %, 185%, 635 %,, 140 ( 70 ),, 6 ;,, 700mm,,, 2010 ;, 10,,,,,, ( ), 1 (1 ),,,,,, ; ;,,,,, F MI,, : 1, 4560m, 4695m 110m, 273m,, 1

, 10,, ; FMI 85, 135 (), 315,, 11, 3200m, 4692m, 53310 4 m 3 / d 117117135 9,, 7 ( 1 ), 4552210 4 m 3 / d1995 71, 5810m, ( 4000m ), 3,, : a; b; c; d; e,, :,,,,, 19921997 17 ( 2 ), 440 m/, 158m/ h, 12% 17 967, 372, 34727 10 4 m 3 / d (2 ),, 10 10 (3 ), 1 4445mm 34m, 4010m,,, 850m 3397mm, 50000m 3 ( 3000m 3 )29 129g/ cm 3 2914m ( ),, 8, 97m 3011m, 2445mm,,, 2

3,,,, PCC DF PMN ad F + bpcc + cd T R + d + e + f + ( ), 21 5,, 21 2445mm 314013m, 3456m, 300m 3 / d, 195g/ cm 3, 199g/ cm 3 417610m, 5, 188M Pa, 36MPa, 10, ( ) (3 ), 9, 9737%, 56506m 2,,,,,, 143, ( 4, 5) 5

4 1996 1997 10 5 4 1 1 3 1 5 12 8 4 84 2 9 1 2 2 1 2 2 8 5 3 1 3 4 3 5 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 57 55 13 7 2 1 53 3 55 2 4 4 1 2 1 3 1 3 8 8 6 8 7 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 2 18 14 3 7 4 1 17 1 14 3 8 8 7 8 8 12 12 12 6 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 143 129 25 26 14 6 121 16 86 50 6 1 ( % ) 100 90 10 4 85 11 60 35 4 1, 1997 10, 143, 129, 90 %, 14, 10 % 121, 85 % ; 86, 60 % ; 50, 35 % 5 ( t/ d ) ( t/ d ) ( ) H W901 1618 8 10 H W902 1820 8 10 1000 400 5 8 5 4 128 10810 4 m 3 ( ) 4 TZ47H4 1042 648 3 4 4 TZ427 H14 1060 615 3 4 4 TZ437 H18 1035 666 3 4 4 TZ47H8 1012 622 3 4 4 TZ48H14 1192 620 3 4 100 40 3 5 28 7 1 101 50 6 2 1 115 4 5 2 3 42 14 6

( t/ d ) ( t/ d ) ( ) 2 4 48 16 1 14 94 13 4 1 40 174 20 5 1 53 12 5 M H1 528 5 H1 50 3 H2 65 45 7 3 45 224 2 3 1 20 144 3 2 35 119 3 33 1 11 4566 2 3 55,, 128, 53317m, 57503m;, 170m, 655m, 2,, 4500m 5, 3 5 400t, 68,,,, 7, 7 170199m, 4928655m, 16 t/ d, 510, 4,, 2, 1 ( TZ417H4 ), 1026t/ d 34610 4 m 3, 45, 5, 10 5 1000t/ d, 600700t/ d, 2010 4 m 3 / d, 32, 1820 4 5 220d 130d, 6 5 55, 27 65,,, : ; 7

; ; ; ; ; ;,,, ( 6) 6 1 19 2115m 230t/ d 11551 m 3 120 35 2 1958 m 128 5 2 3 50m 1000 t/ d 45 563 10 4 t 820 10 4 t 29 100120t/ d TZ4 17 H4 1026t/ d 346 10 4 m 3 45, 4 ( 112 3 ) 23593m, 6739m,, 30,, 128 25947m, 5, ; TZ168, 350m,, 1997 10, 6 3,,, 1996, 4000m 459, 25, 8

(1 ),,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,, 6000m,,,, 3 1 3 5 1 2 1 4,, 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9

,, 50%, 180d 40d, 20 d,,,,,,, ( ), ( ),,, 21 193 9 50 ( ),, 1,, 12, 80300m, 5 2 13,, 1/ 31/ 2, 1/ 3,,,, 65053m,, 7010m 14 5,, 100% 15 16 ; ; ; ; 17 9 10, 18,, 9,, PVT,, 127, 91%,, 410 8 t, 1626 44 10

45,,, 51, 19921996 1992 2174 % 5 7, 45, 13 10 4 m133 ( 20 ), 22510 4 m, ;, 7, 1991 5 8, 0 30m, 4500 9000m, 1990 1810 4 m 1010 4 m, 1993 1010 4 t 15010 4 t ; ( 1 ), 1997 1392d, 1992199319941995 1996 3825d3409d22d506d 383d, 9 22C1, 3522m/ h, 1996 8478 ;, 1991, 2 3 1 (1 ) ; ; 11

(2 ), 7,,, : 1990,,,,,,,,,,, 6h 45min + + PDC, (3 ) 1992 5 11A, 20 (4 ) 6 (1 ),,,, 16 398 ( 7 ), 60, ( ) 10,,,, 7 ( ) ( ) ( ) 9 114 4 5 42 8 75 51 1 9 3 25 37 1 1 13 16 398 1989,, 12

, ;,,,,,,,,, 18, 2159mm 40474111m ( 2), 4318mm, 127g/ cm 3, 2 18 13

,,, 1996, 50005500m801600m 28 5 24404280m 95 329m 1 31m, 4773m, 6 (3), 217222 14 3 5

, 1000m 1900m,, 1 7,, ( )(1000m 6000 m) ;,, 235g/ cm 3 ;, Cl - 5000mg/ L 200000mg/ L, Ca 2 + 3000mg/ L,,,,, 1, 2104770m 93, 77810m ( 4 ),,,, (2 ),, 11 10,, ( 8) 1996, 68%, 12% ( 9) 4 1 3112mm2127mm 15

,, 8 12 1 39 50 038t/ dmm Pa 093t/ dmm Pa, 22t, 722t; 05t, 18 217 30 # 323t, 12 % 28 % ( 10 ) ; 510 4 m 3 200, 5 8t 23 27t, 2 3 2706 186m 3 ( 17 ) ; 1729 1029t, 4116 m 3, 25 5 11-18 40t, (15 ), 90, 43 m 3, 26km 2, 234 10 4 t 147, 122t ( ) 29 2, 105 m 3, 15 100 15 253t/ d, 1004t/ d, 129t/ d, 532t/ d; 8t/ d 20t/ d, 5 % 30 % 11854 432 37t 507t 50 20 % 7925 % 18 41 %, 408, 8 718t, 3 405 104t, 14 247t 344, 2 6, 10 % 8 12 61 7160 17 11 14t, 39 % 16

9 1996 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( S0) ( 0 < S < 2 ) ( 2 < S < 10) ( S > 10 ) 345 191 6 12 2 5 4 1 183 13 7 4 2 1 178 155 45 41 11 9 11 10 49 45 2 9 3 1 3 2 96 43 5 32 18 6 2 6 97 95 5 52 30 11 10 1 213 188 26 104 71 18 13 2 44 23 24 13 8 2 1 14 7 5 12 4 4 3 1 5 0 15 13 5 11 1 1 4 5 37 28 27 2 3 13 9 44 29 2 34 22 6 6 213 3 8 8 1 2 0 21 11 2 16 9 2 4 1 50 36 4 21 3 4 8 6 133 57 3 16 8 2 2 4 188 188 48 145 51 39 33 1926 1127 158 571 260 121 119 49 ( % ) 582 82 455 212 209 124 2 250 2 2 2178 1127 158,, 17

,,, PTA FS1 JHY F873 QS1 QS2, 100 3,, :, 7,,,, :,,,,,,,, 887%, 1925d 1097d,,, 1993 480010 4 t, 200km 2, 9% 0110-3 m; 1996 19, 897910 4 t, 320km 2, 18

7% 00610-3 m (10), 1996 17 22, 14 ( 6% 10%, 002 10-3 m ), 10 104 17411756m ( ) 1980 021 m 3, 1990 YD102, 20 / m 01021m 3, 1992 0374m 3 1996, 32 m 3, 315M Pa, 351 % 991 m 3, 9225 m 3,,, ( 11 ),,, 4 13 5,, 4 11 340951 365648m 6928 m 3, m 3 1707,,, ;,, 107,, 25 20256 2030 m 6 m 3, 1190ml 60ml,,,, 57t,,, Eq 4 1 2605 2,,, 2614m, 3 5, 9 88t, 4 2,,,,, 19911996 70, 127mm 22043m1397mm 1330m 1778mm 35026m, 6100 19

,, 1985 1996 5, 60 %, 6,, 5 6 ( ) 7 1 8 13, 4500m, ( 12 ) 2 1996 1630m, 2368m/, 1039m/ h, 1990,, 445%, 362% 1996 2437m, 20

1167m/, 52m/ h, 1990,, 294%, 185% 12 (13 14 ) 1 12 13 13 19861996 ( m ) ( m/ ) ( m/ h ) 1986 1818 1422 643 1987 1801 1471 658 1988 1743 1549 704 1989 1706 1665 779 1990 1673 1639 763 1991 1677 1685 744 1992 1671 1869 814 1993 1655 2120 894 1994 1676 2338 974 1995 1655 2396 1014 1996 1630 2368 1039 14 19861996 ( m ) ( m/ ) ( m/ h ) 1986 2575 710 1987 2454 760 340 1988 2403 855 390 1989 2448 830 410 1990 2463 902 439 1991 2506 851 393 1992 2531 968 432 1993 2495 1070 460 1994 2489 1164 489 1995 2333 1381 497 1996 2437 1167 520 21

:,,,,,,,,, PDCBDC,, PDC,,, 3 1985, 70 70 140 550, 16,,, 8000, 800 700 600 800,,, 4,, 9, 19921996 81%, 19861990 6 4, 1994, 4,,,,, 1994 575 % 1996 909%, 5,, 5, 14, 3, : 2,, FMI 3777m 3792 3776m 37703754m,, 3, CMR ( )MDT ( ), 002 22

2917529290m, 9% 18%, 1010-3 m 2, 0818g/ cm 3, T2 33ms, 5mm, 7238 m 3, 3248 m 3, 9,, ;,,, FMI,,,,, 1, 11, 3200m,, 500m, 12310 4 m 3,,,,, 741,,, 741,, 264445, FMI,, III,, 80, FMI,,,, 6717t/ d,,, 6 10, 1988 308mm, : 1991 YD89, 400mm; 1993 YD127, 700mm 1990,,, ( 15, 16, 17) 1990 1991 637, 285 % 19921993 1994 3 954, 337 % 345% 364%, 5% 8% 4 69,, 102 127, 265, 197874t 23

15 ( YD89 ) ( m ) ( mm ) ( t) ( m 3 ) ( m 3 ) 147 1 P2X 34263464 521 147 2 P2X 32793307 25 1054 1730 147 3 P2X 33573404 569 147 4 P2X 32133234 45 1981 2888 147 5 P2X 31523183 537 147 6 P2X 30393062 516 5 1 P2X 34283448 45 6087 8894 5 2 P2X 33943380 45 4234 5521 5 3 P2X 33643334 45 1622 1598 5 4 33023288 75 9965 12885 5 5 P2X 31963211 35 49 5315 58 1 P2X 25702593 8 414 2811 58 2 P2X 25022522 3601 80 1 P1j 43784392 75 6717 9602 518 16 147 ( m ) 34253456 31153158 31703185 34263432 31523160 31713183 ( m ) 34373440 34483456 34583464 ( mm ) ( / m ) ( mm ) WD73 400 WD73400 WD73400 YD 89 YD89 YD89 160 160 160 500 500 500 10 10 10 16 16 16 7 7 7 10 10 10 24

17 21 56 58 ( mm ) WD73 400 YD127 1 160 650 ( / m ) 10 16 ( mm ) 7 13 80, 1 147,,, 147,, 147 YD89, 16 / m,, 5t ; 147 184 km 5 1995 11, 147 6, 5 5,, 590010 4 t, 432km 2 7,, :, ; ; ; ; ( ), 1,,,, 49, 43 3 3,,,, 18 18 128 168m 3, 108 10 4 m 3 1500 km 2 25

44 510 4 m 3, 7 m 3 21 5 8 G1179 160t/ d, 15 16,, 140, 60%,,,, 128 528075549233m ( 3112mm ) 3,, 114 117g/ cm 3, 549726m (2159mm ), 40, 99566m 3 1778mm, 1524mm 6194m,, 38M Pa,,,,,, (), 19603m ( 25797m), 5, 10810 4 m 3, 168m 3 23000 m 3 128,,, 1500 km 2,,,, 120170g/ cm 3, 5 m 3,, ( 10 m 3 ),, :,,,,,, : ; ; 2,,,, 26

,,, 1997,,,, 1 231 1 4060,,, 1, (1 ) 7,,, 7 (2 ),,, 8 ( ),,,, ( 9),, 8 9 27

,,,,,, : : ; :,,,, (3 ) 10 1,, 1 1 4445mm 1,,,,, 2060, 7585, 28 1, 101m 356m, 0 315, 80kN 630m707m, 19 925 1145m, 1m/ h, 3 h 1m12599m 180 200 kn, 175, 27m/ h 1377m 1416m, 200 220 kn, 175 125, 30m/ h 1416m1463m, 220 230 kn, 125 05, 30m/ h 500m, 2, 104 ( 10 ) 175, 1

1 : a: ; b: 53 ; c: ; d: : 1 ( < 1415m ), 100120 kn, 15m/ h1415m 180 kn,, 30m/ h, 1476m, 2, 200 kn, 33m/ h,, 1639m, 47( 9 )2( 19 ) 19 1 ( m ) ( t) ( m/ h ) ( ) ( ) 141512 10 125 2 4 14520 18 26 2 15310 20 35 3 6 16390 18 22 47 16780 16 21 415 17250 16 20 33 9 189288 18 21 2 7 3,,,,,,,, 1997 91 81, 20,,,, 20 1992 ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ( d) 8 1 2756 1626 20006 1 : 123 45 9 1 230058 118060 172756 1 : 146 165, 2000 m,,,, 81, 1626m, 20006m, 2756m,, 29

4,,, 1996, 4 ( 11 ),, 127mm, 58066m 794mm 1016mm, 5973m, 1016mm 169m,, 127mm 11 4 5 (1 ), 1990,,,, 50 80, 80, 30

,,, 90,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 12 ): 12 2 001 002,,,, (2 ) ( ) : : 235 g/ cm 3 ; : 275 g/ cm 3 ; : 1835 g/ cm 3 : > > 150 31

( = 150 ), ( 21 ) 21 2 ( m) ( in ) 24722736 116 162 220 28102890 122 125 150 29843044 124 172 188 30543082 124 188 204 40, ( 13 ), 170g/ cm 3 140g/ cm 3 13 (14) :,,,, 188g/ cm 3 140 g/ cm 3 () 6,,,,,,,,, 1778mm 1397mm 14,,,, 29 32

14 12mm 440t, 14 10 4 m 3 ; 24, 4mm 168m 3 7 ( H2 S CO2 ),,,,,, 1995 APR,,, 22162,,,, 22 ( m ) ( ) ( M Pa) 1 4293643273 43474352 1021 4444 441510 4 m 3 / d, H 2 S 144 % 3 42894274 43005 4342 1105 4567 558610 4 m 3 / d, H 2 S 17 % 162 59311 5990 1225 6281 13210 4 m 3 / d, H 2 S 375 % 4 59886009 1592 126 388610 4 m 3 / d, H 2 S 072 % 1 63881 6370 143 1278 51210 4 m 3 / d, 2646m 3 / d 1 63265 6343 61596193 154 134 33

4 3SB,, R TTS, ; 1 4, Q22 APR ; 1 1, CMD APR,,,,,,,, ( ),, ( ) 1,, 1982, 80 1938 1993, 17529, 90 %, : 1982 1205, 1992 209 ; 4500m 5060 ( 15 ), 1 5000m 90d, 5500m 110d, 6100m 140d, 65007000m 57 1995, 21052d,,, 7000m, 300 400d, 600700d; 60007000m 800 1000d ( 16 ),, 15, :,,, 34

16,, 4445mm,, (3 ),, 2, 5000m ERD, 7500m, 7000m ERD 2000, 10000m ( 17 ), 1997 17 1 124 1 146,, 90,, 1991 2276m, 4000m; 1996 2676m, 8035m; 1997, 8062m, 3 80, 90,, 152,, 35

,,, 25002750m, PDC 1963,, 143,, 1996 25, 1997 26, 1995 3100,, 18 4 18,,,,,,, 1992 30, 1995 330 19941995 72% 100%, 1997 2000 2005 15 % 20% 30 %, 43, 128,,, ( ),, 14,, 1,,,,, 1 4 36

, ; 1 115g/ cm 3, 09093g/ cm 3 1996 54, 32, 60%,, 2,,,,,,,,, 1996 54, 22, 19681m 3 8, 16670 m 3 1 128 1 801 14, : 1,,, 4445mm, 16m,, 30440m,, 10 ( ) 850m ( ) 50000 m 3, 0850m 177d, 127d 3 3112mm,,,,,,, 834d 2 117g/ cm 3 289227m, 318min/ m 38min/ m, 2m 3 120g/ cm 3,,,, 119g/ cm 3, 120g/ cm 3, 147g/ cm 3,,,,,,,, 2 2 400m, 127mm 6m; 7 2985m, 1000m 3 ; 29 3800m 20, ; 14 151774222948m 153g/ cm 3, 155g/ cm 3,, 3,,, ( 85 ),,,, 37

: 2 > >, 311mm 24003100m, 406mm 297mm, 2 4 25g/ cm 3,, 30 3085,,, 120g/ cm 3 170 178g/ cm 3, 3112mm,, 33d, 2445mm (1846m), 075m/ h, 264m/ 4, ( 6, 9 ), 100m/ h, 04m/ h: 29 3112mm 068m/ h, 270d;, 142m/ h105m/ h, 495d 5 373720723m, 0478m/ h, 3088m 5, 16986m, 55, 1190, 4 2040 ; 5580 ; 20 ; 6090, 2030 ; 2 2030 ; 1520 ; 1134 ; 20301 1 1 475 1570,,,, : 1 58, 3111mm 2320m, 215mm 2964m, 4050kN, 0208m/ h, 9,, 6, 1 5,, 4 ( 52005800m ),, 1016mm,,,, 38 7, 30,

8%,,,,,,, ;,,, 8,,,,, ( ) 1 ( ) 231g/ m 3, 3 ( ) 244g/ m 3, 4 () 4006g/ m 3, 63 () 49149g/ m 3, 12 ( ) 987g/ m 3 2 1,, 1 5030m (G105 ), 19, 80 kg, 272d 9, ( 5001600m), 1 200m, 1702m, 4445mm 05m/ h604m, 300m, 20d 1 1200m, 12004500m, 50mm, 3792m,, 73838m1879m1881m ;,,,, 13503792m 20, 24d 10 : 4445mm,,,, 4445mm, 4445mm 2159mm 35%,,, 4445mm,,,, 2159mm,,, ( 23, 24),,,, ( 25, 19, 20) 39

23 ( mm) (cm 2 ) (cm 3 / m) ( % ) ( kn) ( kn / cm 2 ) ( r/ min ) ( % ) 2159 36644 36644 100 120160 02570343 70 100 3111 75999 75999 207 180240 01860248 70 72 4445 1551 155100 423 180240 0091012 70 35 24 2500m ( mm ) ( L/ s ) ( MPa) ( MPa) ( MPa) ( m/ s) ( k W) ( kw/ cm 2 ) ( % ) ( % ) 2159 25 20 53 147 104 367 10 100 735 3111 42 20 121 79 066 330 044 44 395 4445 50 20 165 35 035 178 011 11 175 : 127mm 125g/ cm 3, 15m Pas 19 25 ( M Pa) 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 ( kg) 305 389 430 842 1371 1510 1630 2479 3190 100 130 140 280 450 500 540 820 106 ( mm 3 ) 1524 1470 140 136 119 974 857 719 684 100 104 109 112 130 160 180 210 230,,, ( 26 ) 40

20 26 3000m ( mm ) ( L/ s ) ( mm) ( mm ) ( MPa) ( M Pa) 2159 25 1143 925 93 127 1016 64 29 1397 1214 35 58 3111 40 1143 925 206 127 1016 133 73 1397 1214 58 148 4445 50 127 1016 196 1397 1214 124 72 1683 1503 32 164 : 125g/ cm 3, 15 mpas 11, 508mm 33973mm24448mm1778mm127mm ( 1397mm),,,,, 1 1 27 1778mm 28, 8, 29%, 1000m 10, 80% 28 7 8, 5, 43d,, 1, 124M Pa, V150P110 NKT140,,, 1 1 BAKER, 8MPa, 41

,, 1 1778mm, 1 127mm, 1 1778mm,, 1778mm,, 23, 95m,, 27 1778mm ( mm ) ( mm ) ( mm ) ( m ) ( m) 5 2159 1778 107 5802 1103, 1 2159 1778 107 5329 1122, 6 2159 1778 107 5358 1157 401 2159 1778 107 5193 1193 5 2127 1778 91 4774 1203 1 2127 1778 91 6131 1331, 1 2159 1778 107 4243 1672, 1 2159 1778 107 4697 1674, 1 2159 1778 107 5410 1829 4 2159 1778 107 5138 2058 1 2159 1778 107 5045 845 1 2127 1778 91 4933 734 8 2159 1778 107 4934 330 2 2159 1778 107 3502 698 18 2159 1778 107 4206 690 5 2159 1778 107 4875 411 1 2159 1778 107 5234 434 2 2159 1778 107 5328 533 4 2159 1778 107 5231 441 5 2159 1778 107 5253 458 1 2159 1778 107 5598 898 102 2159 1778 107 5498 800 2 2159 1778 107 5381 785 3 2159 1778 107 5320 821 301 2159 1778 107 5268 716 302 2159 1778 107 5362 815 4 2159 1778 107 5095 891 7 2159 1778 107 5158 561 42

28 ( mm ) ( m) ( d) 1 3397 1710 610680 m 1 2445 4800 600700 m 15 1 2445 3022 0106 m 4 1 1778 4699 3034 m 127 mm 59 1834m 7 2445 4598 5 31 5 2445 3570 0156 m 134 m 1 2445 3079 13001400m 4 50 21 1 3 3397 3098 138 150m 55 12 1000m,,,, 50,,, 13,,,, 14,, :,,, ; ; ( 29 ) 29 ( m ) ( ) ( ) ( d) 4 6026 1985811 198866 1029 1 6481 1994828 1995714 320 1 6406 1996319 1997415 392,,, a. ; 43

b. ; c. ; d. a. ; b. ; c. ; d. ; e. a. ; b. ; c. ; d. a., ; b., ; c.,, ; d., a. ; b. ; c. a. ; b. ; c. ; d. ; e. a. ; b. ; c. a.,, ; b. ; c. ; 44

d. ; e. a. ; b. ; c. 1 a. ; b. ; c. 12 13 14 15 16 :,,!, : 45

10 (, : 100083 ) () 1986, 1987 9 10, 11, 8,,, 8 1 (1, 1950m ), 7 : ( m) ( ) ( d) ( d) / ( m) 1 1 4800 4383 1987922 344 505 59 74 1017 242 m 3 / d 2 1 4500 4068 1988124 363 425 30 136 1528 610 4 m 3 / d 3 1 5400 5160 19891226 344 344 66 78 246 4 1 4800 5287 1992927 713 759 126 42 1542 5 1 5000 4700 199347 394 408 27 174 1741 6 1 6500 6406 199441 718 998 117 55 1361 7 1 5500 5808 1995412 777 785 78 74 2009,, 10,,,,,, ;, ;,, : ( 11 10 11 ),,,,,,,,,,, 46

,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,,, 10 : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 10 ( > 20g/ cm 3 )( > 150) 10, 6 ( ), :,, 47

,, 508mm3397mm2445mm1778mm 127mm (1778mm 127mm ),, ( ),, 1, 6500m, 2127mm 6406m, 1778mm 1778mm 6403m, 6131m,,, 1778mm 295m 1778mm, 1778mm 127mm,, 2445mm,, 1778mm, 9,,, 1778mm, 2127mm, 1778mm 19446mm, 9mm, 237238g/ cm 3,,, 21272159mm 1778mm 1492 1524mm 127mm,,,,,,,, (1778mm ),, 5,, 5200m, 127mm,,, (),,,,,,,,, 80, 80, ( CPAMCHMSP2 ) ( NW1CSW1 ), 1 97, 4674m, 6326m, 569 %, Ca 2 + 1940mg/ L, 181g/ cm 3 160g/ cm 3,, 129cm99cm14cm, 637 %, 48

Ca 2 +,, 600328m,,, 11217h,,,,,,,,,,,, 10 1, ( 2080 ),, 650m 707m, 19 925,, 1175m 425, 12599m 175,,, 3397mm,,, ( 10),,, 1, : ( 4445mm) 6000m, 1500m 4500m, 1500m,,,,,,,,,, ( 6070r/ min), ( )9 1, : + ( mm ) 2159 2159 2159 ATJ22 ( ) R437 ( PDC) S248 ( TSP ) ( m ) 367937 372740 372740 375187 375677 389883 ( m ) 4803 367 1421 ( h ) 6635 940 11215 ( m/ h ) 072 03904 127 ( % ) - 4578 7583 ( kn ) 1517 7 5 6 ( r/ min ) 6070 70 ( 6070 ) + ( 100 178) ( M Pa) 1416 1415 1516 ( L/ m ) 2426 26 2525 ( g/ cm 3 ) 168 169 168 172 49

+ ( mm ) 2159 2159 S248 J519 ( mm ) 420026 430545 430545433112 ( m ) 10519 2567 ( h) 14230 5604 ( m/ h) 074 046 ( % ) 6087 ( k N) 67 14 ( r/ min) 50 65 ( MPa) 16 12 ( L/ s ) 23 23 ( g/ cm 3 ) 181 179, ( ) TSP,, 60% 70%, 2,,,,,,,, 1, 4800m, 6000m,,,,,, 5286m, 6000,,, 8 1 5000m, 5500m, 5808m1 1,,,,,,,,,,,, 50

,,,,, ;,,,,, 1997 :,,, 10,,,,,,, 51

: 6 :, ;, ; API,, ; ( ) ( ) ; ;,,,,,,,, 1 1A 1B, ( 2127 159mm 1778mm, 14921524mm 127mm ),,,,, 12, : 2, 1 (2) :, ( 5200m, 200, 100M Pa), 3 2, 2413mm 1778mm 1937mm,, 1937mm 1651mm 127mm, 1778mm 1524mm 1143mm,, 2413mm 2159mm 52

3112mm 2731mm, ;, 33023366mm, 2731mm 3302mm 3366mm, 2731mm m 80kg, 4000m, 320t, 6000m 450t, ;, 60t ( 2 ),,, : 3, 1 (4) :, 1 2,, 960L1 ( 5) 53

54

5 55

(, : 400021), 20, 5510 4 km 2, 180 1997, 687, 411, 598 %, 270610 8 m 3, 206510 8 m 3,,, 4568m, (4062m) 506m, 408m/, ( 430m/ ) 539%, 145m/ h,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, ( 85 ),,,,,,,,, 30 85, 2030,, 2445mm 1864m, 264m/, 076m/ h (32d) 40005000m ( 5810m), ( 6, 9 ),, 100m/ h, 04m/ h,, ( ) 1, 500800m, 1500 56

2500m,,, 2,, 6 10 3,, 3,,, 06 10g/ cm 3 (1 ), 3 307367m211040m, 140 145g/ cm 3 2445mm 48, m 3, 3650m 60, 50000 ( ) 1(14 ), :, ( ) 100;, 105130;, 110140, 160240;, 120 2,,,, 6 170g/ cm 3, 61, 233g/ cm 3 62 140g/ cm 3, 155g/ cm 3 ; 60, 190g/ cm 3, 59 3 ( ) : 1 231g/ m 3 3 244g/ cm 3 41 4006g/ m 3 ; : 63 49149g/ m 3 ; ( ) : 12 987g/ m 3 ( ),,, 22, 28 ; 7, 52, 5 3 350m, 57

58

, 50m,, 1 4562m () ( 85 ),,,, 30,, 20,,,,,,, ;,,,, 1978 18,,,,, ( ) 1,,,,, 1, 4560m, 4695m, 110m, 273m, ( ), 3153200m,, 53310 4 m 3 / d 1171 11A 8,, 5, 3360210 4 m 3 / d(1 ), : 71 ( KOP ) 4000m, 5810m; 71 1778mm 3278m, 127mm 5809m, 580522m; 1, 5625m, 123325m; 7 52 2,,,, 1992, 17 ( 2), 440m/, 158m/ h, 12 % 1993 22, 4500m, 882m, 662m/, 209m/ h, 1993 145% 144% 17 9669, 3465, 3356710 4 m 3 / d 59

( ),,, 10 10,, 1, 2 123g/ cm 3 313180m ( ), 7, 19420m 3326m ( 3 ), 2445mm 1 329, 2,,, ( 3) 3 ( kg/ m 3 m 3 ) ( kg/ m 3 % m 3 ) ( t) ( t) 21 4 13 10 200955 19914 173 70 DT R10 1 200151 20015 39 2 ( 161183 ) 261 1 17550 17515 40 19 20012 324 100 DR T28 1 210185 20014 57 3,,,,, : 3 3397mm 286m, 112g/ cm 3 131g/ cm 3 207367m21104m, 140144g/ cm 3,, 46d 20,, 140145g/ cm 3 ( ),, 1,, 62

(1 ) 1000 1500mg/ L 6 8mL 036 048Pa/ mpa s 1530Pa 2040Pa 30 40g/ LpH 9 95 (2 ) 1800mg/ L 150mg/ L 2% 3% 6mLpH 995 2,,, ( 4) 4 ( ) < 25 25 45 > 45 10 105 105 115 115125 115 125 125 140 140160 ( ) 1, 50 % 65, 20 %, 2 10%, ( ), 3 17, CPFCUD ASC, ( ), 160g/ cm 3, 240g/ cm 3,,, 18205, 129427m, 244m/ h1997 30 2159mm 3FW175, 317m/ h ( ),, 63

,, 9763%, 580522m, 9, 9737% (5) 5 ( m ) ( m ) ( % ) ( m/ h) ( m/ ) 15 3110 3076 9891 101 699 64 100 18 5260 5220 9924 086 710 64 100 17 2530 2496 9866 179 699 64 100 20 5455 5198 9529 107 701 DQ 1307 100 26 3517 3087 8777 069 703 64 100 21 1010 3566 9878 181 714 DQ 1308 100 22 1381 1259 9117 042 345 64 100 19 11770 11458 9735 093 1070 64 100 3 3403 3353 9853 074 567 64 100 ( ) ( ),,,,,, 1HOMCO,,,, 1 9 ( 6) 6 HOMCO ( ) ( m ) ( g) ( ) 19950325 14 3080 203mm 580 6 19950607 41 3240 228mm 600 7 19960524 1 583 228mm 348 15 19961213 1 2700 635 mm 812 19970513 67 2527 127mm 324 5 19970627 67 2183 228mm 349 4 19970808 32 1980 228mm 440 4 19970826 21 2057 158mm 551 45 19970911 64 3338 203mm 460 7 64

2 714 5 3,,,, 1133 7, ( ),, (, 3397mm 281817m (1 )2445mm 4418m (1 )1778mm 4968m (64 )1778mm 327848m ( 71 ) 127mm 580897m ( 71 ),, 98% ( ),,,,,, ( 7) ( m ) 7 ( 10 4 m 3 / d) ( 10 2 m 2 ) ( m ) ( M Pa) ( 10 4 m 3 / d) ( 10 4 m 3 / d) 0246 5532 013 27496 450 1 15 4596 0318-1121 003 35777 1654 21 1204 1122 10009 020 45578 1875 2 16 5070 1542-2317 002 52030 8583 179 0144 19860 012 29570 876 3 19 4930 0468-1137 003 37850 7916 116 25532 11434 013 33947 5018 4 25 3035 27870-0904 006 34582 11627 775 6708 7040 6009 ( ), 63 49149g/ m 3 1 23193g/ m 3 12 65

987g/ m 3 63 3245g/ m 3 : APR APR,,,,, ( ),, CT34,,,, ( ),, : 3397mm 2445mm1778mm 127mm 508mm3397mm2445mm127mm, 2159mm 105mm 2445mm1778mm, 127mm, 105mm, 2445mm 3, 1778mm ( ), 127mm,, ( ),,,, ( ), ( ) ( ),, 66

[1 ], 1995 ( 3) : 1215 [2 ], 1989 ( 1) : 1821 [3 ], 1996 ( 2) : 3436 67

(, : 841000 ) 4445mm,,,, :, PDC,,,,,,, 19921996 12423866069067051 7764m/ ; 513290229239284m/ h; 8505% 8629% 8549% 8712% 8504%, 1994,,, 1995, 1997, 1992 1996,,,, :,, ; 4445mm,,,,,,,,, :,,, KL3 68

( 15203550m ),, 05m/ h, ; TAI201 (42235089m) 1,,,,, 1 ( m) ( MPa) YH8 3904 7497 4 181 2 YH5 3789 9259 4 227 3 YH 302 4097 8796 4 138 2 YH8 5030 7330 4 158 2 YH5 4844 5787 4 167 2 YH 302 4952 9105 4 108 2 YH2 5061 8488 4 165 2 YH3 5081 8874 4 165 2 YH2 5184 12346 5 > 6 6 YH3 5824 2881 2 134 2, KL3,, 1154 3500m 36005250m, 1650m, 30 %, 311mmR535 YH4 YH3 281644703m 2551m, 278m/ h, YH - 2 219042192m 157m, 052 m/ h, 33163331823m 185m, 029m/ h,,,, KL3 DQ5,,,, 1997 PDC, 2 TAI201 TAI2 TAI201 311mmG535 TAI2 3 PDC 8 (92345m), TAI2 11 1063h 53min, 087m/ htai201 311mmG535 534h, TAI2 11 1328h, TAI2 311mmG535 33d, 1275 / h, 101, 53, TAI201 216mmG447 TAI2 4 10 (105721m), 051m/ h, 71d, 217, 69

38 TAI201, PDC HQ2TB1 TZ43, 311mmR535NA ( G526 ), 3, 407512m, 4 311mmR535N 311615m TB1,, 2 TAI201 TAI2 ( m ) ( m ) ( hmin ) ( m/ h) T AI/ 2 T AI/ 201 N 12K 3300 4308 N 1j 4308 5052 E 5052 5171 N 1j 4223 5089 311mmR426 1 3340340619 6581 8220 079 311mmH517 A 8 340623705 377411 38105 38576 40920 56959 60248 094 311m mb331 2 370506 477411 4092 4311 28805 37845 076 311 mmj3 1 4333 4344 11 2055 053 311mmS225 1 4344 4809 465 90400 051 216 mmj2 2 4809 4822 5175 5176 14 5110 027 216mmH517 A 4822 4848 20248 32745 062 7 4913034923 500878 506744 51906 51964 5205 5260 216 mmb664 N 1 4848491343 6543 20000 033 216mmS225 1 492350033 803 21130 038 216mmG535 1 20440 404759 200359 43145 464 216m mg447 1 4047595250 1183 61700 192 3 (311mmG526) ( m ) ( m ) ( hmin) ( m/ h) ( m ) 1 TAI 201 10872004 N 2k 9710 7100 1292 9710 2 HQ 2 4523004 N 12k 25520 23100 1103 35230 3 TB1 14995152452 Q 2502 2215 112 354802 4 TB1 230475288585 N 1j 5811 34940 166 407512 90 PDC,, : ( CSE) ( SEC) ( ECP ),, 70

,,,,,,,,,, : PDC,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, (127mm 2000kN ),, 375%, ( 1500 h),,,,,, ;, 3m 3 / d;, 100kN,,,,, E,,,,,,,, 4 4,,,, 1000m,,,, 52,,, 9 4840m, 90; 4 5104m, ; 1, 3903m, 3834m 72,, 71

4,,, 1250min/ m, 15 120min/ m,,,,,,,,,,, :, ;, ;, 4 5473m, 10cm,, 1200kN, 152mmJ33 1,,, 1020min (0102m) 45m,, 391783m, 100 300,, 399988m, 90 140,, 1100kN 1700 kn, 3917m3928m3971m399988m,,,,,,,,? 4 165g/ cm 3, 1 235g/ cm 3, 145 g/ cm 3 3903m, 2445mm 383286m, 390493m, 113g/ cm 3, 405MPa, 217g/ cm 3?,,, ;, 180185g/ cm 3, 190g/ cm 3 173g/ cm 3 391783m,, 182g/ cm 3, 3928m, 190g/ cm 3, 392840m,,, 1180 1750 kn 48min, 195200g/ cm 3, 3959m 214g/ cm 3, 3971m 215g/ cm 3, 3998m 221g/ cm 3,, 221g/ cm 3, 200400kN, 225231235g/ cm 3, 11,,, 17h 82h, 235 g/ cm 3,,,,,,, 72

,,, 4 30min, 1 10min, 01m,, 20min, 45m, 1 56h, 1113h2030h, 50h 4 13h,,,,,,,, 1,,,, 1 3948m, Ca 2 + 240mg/ L 760mg/ L,,,,,,, 70s 100s,,,,,,,,, 155 238g/ cm 3,,,,, 2 4589 4661m, 220g/ cm 3, 468403m, 200kN 80 kn, 205M Pa 6MPa,,, 400 kn,,, 1, 4304m, 431431m,, 120kN 40kN, 15MPa 4MPa,, 1200kN 1800kN, 2600kN, 7,,, :,,,,, KCl,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, : 73

a., b., c.,,, 0102m, 1020min, ; 68h,, d.,,, e., 2m, f., 100, 150,, g.,,,, h. 1min i.,, j.,, 1 k.,,, ( ) l., m., 12h,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 1 1 3 3, 6100m, 1 1993 3 5, 12 18 5323m 1524mm,, 54685593m 4, 4 (5 ) : ( 53205543m ),,,, ( 112g/ cm 3 ), ( 8m 3 / d ),,,,, 126g/ cm 3 137g/ cm 3,,,,,,, 74

,,, 1 3 5 3 4 ( ) ( m ) ( m) 1 1994 0127 56945 559347 56015 m 100kN, 59347 m 54 min, ( ) 25 min 152 m 3 diesel + 5 pipelax - w + 4 m 3 6 m 3 diesel + 5 pipelax - w + 30 m 3 10/ 36s 121/ 59 s 2 1994 224 589016 545811 (546061547146m), 546811 m 52 min 13 m 3 diesel + 10 pipelax - w + 5m 3 130/ 46 s 3 1994 226 589016 550200 5502 m, 1 2h10min 2min,,, 13m 3 diesel + 10 pipelax - w + 5 m 3 8 m 3 diesel + 7 pipelax - w + 3m 3 113/ 45 s 119/ 46 s 4 1994 303 589016 554761 5530m, 55476m, 1h37min 1700kN ( 1450kN ), 132m 3 diesel + 7 pipelax - w + 5 m 3 117/ 41 s,, 1, 6500m,, 1993 11 17, 1996 6 13, 6150m, 2 3112mm, 265255m, 75

2 1,,,, 2652 2659m2664 2675m, 193, 204g/ cm 3, 206g/ cm 3 ; 30115 3023m ( ), 187, 189g/ cm 3, 191g/ cm 3,, 4 25, 3023m,,,, 11865m 3, 396m 3, 477m 2445mm 2159mm, 2445mm 301153018m, 187, 190, 2159mm, ( 002g/ cm 3 ),, 3 26, 14, 301153108m,,,, 4700m 308d, 623m 3, 266m 3 1 1993, 5800m, 31994 4 30 124g/ cm 3 378495m, 57min 5min,,, 1005m 3,, 138g/ cm 3,,,, 32003575m, ; 377137762m,,,,, 76 7,, 138

140g/ cm 3, 152g/ cm 3 7,,, 465m 3 / h, 400700m,,, (, 80m 3, Cl - 5 10 4 mg/ L ),, 3000 3747m, 3 1,,,,,, 138140g/ cm 3, 34m 3 / h,,, 140144g/ cm 3 ;,,, 16% ;, 2730m, 25%, 145g/ cm 3, 143g/ cm 3,,,, 1994 6 6, 6 8 3804m, 6 8, 6 13,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, ( ),, 77

, :,,,,,, : 508mm 3397mm2445mm1778mm,, 1778mm, 127mm,, 3397mm2445mm 1778mm, 127mm, 1048mm,,,,,,,,,, 1,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 1,,,,,,,, ; 1,,, 2,,,,,, 78

3,,,, : Cl - 510 4 mg/ L,,,,,,,,,,,, Cl - 510 4 mg/ L,,,,,,, ;, ( ),, 127mm 105mm - 4 102mm,, 4445mm,, 4445mm 5,, 1993 2 4, 3 8 4445mm, 37370209050m, 10 19, 225d,,,,,,,, ( 5060 ), 1 ( 2 ), 1993 12 4 4445mm, 212642100m, 4 25, 152d,, ;,,,, ( 30 ),, 4, 6100m, 1995 7 21, 29010100200m, 9 14, 54d,, 100min/ m, 350min/ m 360855m, 322m, 73m,,, 50120kN, 1, 4800m, 79

1996 7 27 4445mm, 11 17 ( 150 1325m ), :, 55, 69, 21246m 3, 4 4 4445mm 6, : 6 4445mm ( m ) ( m ) ( ) ( m) ( hmin ) ( m/ h) 5 37370 209050 171680 39 4402 277740 062 1 212642100 188736 26 273755 273755 073 4 290101002 71190 16 4449 108530 066 1 150 1325 117500 20 5875 183638 064 1996 557916 148 37767 5642 666,,,, ;,,,,,, 4445mm,,,,,,,,, PDC, ;,,, ;,,,,,, :, 7, TAC1 6000m 037 077m/ h 7 ( m ) ( m ) ( hmin ) ( m/ h ) ( g/ cm 3 ) 216mmH617 A 9 605450 62970 24250 35202 069 162 216mmH637 A 5 62970 64150 1920 34545 056 162 64226 64966 163 TAC1 216mmH617 A 4 64966 67120 2154 27945 077 161 216mmH637 A 3 67120 68571 1451 18755 077 160 216 mmd331 3 68765 69110 1170 31730 037 161 69275 70100 80

( m ) ( m ) ( hmin ) ( m/ h ) ( g/ cm 3 ) JF 311mmH517 A 1 525865 528095 2230 2410 092 121 216m mh517 7 5300538991 16744 8658 193 115 128 54064 54500 54584 549233 118 TZ 311m mg535 1 3170328221 11221 4900 229 118 43,,,,, TZ162, 1997 6 24 598504m, 855 %, 3839m, 111g/ cm 3,, 129 g/ cm 3 24m 3,,,, H2 S 25 2125, 528804m, 25m, 8m 3,, 115g/ cm 3, 10MPa, 10 12MPa, 26 1820,,, 116g/ cm 3, 150MPa, 10MPa, H2 S 40mg/ L,, 7075M Pa, 910M Pa, 27 330,, H2 S,, 115118g/ cm 3 2108m 3, 1648m 3,, 139140g/ cm 3,, 13M Pa,,,, TAC1 6370m 140, 7000m 150; TZ162, 5452m 124; TZ45 6150m 128, TAC1,, 10m 3, H2 S TZ162, H2 S, H2 S 684mg/ LH2 S ( 7mg/ L),, H2 S,, TZ162 H2 S H2 S,,, ph,,, :,,, 7 TAC1 216mmD331, 037m/ h, TZ43 311mmG535 85259328221m, 194h10min, 1252m/ h,, 145h10min, 11221m (7 ), 229m/ h, 81

( M ) PDC (Z ) PDC PDC,, ( 40 70kN) (7080r/ m),, ; (6080kN) ( 100120r/ m ), ; ( 90120kN) (7080r/ m),,, TAC1 172g/ cm 3, 8, 17,,, 160 163g/ cm 3 H2 S, H2 S H2 S, TZ162 H2 S 111g/ cm 3, H2 S, 128, H2 S 135g/ cm 3, H2 S,,,,,, SPC MHR86 ( ) 130, 4 10m 3,,,,,,,,,,, 8 JF128, 13%,,, 8 JF128 ( mm ) ( m ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( m ) ( m 3 ) ( g/ cm 3 ) 1 311 5281 121 528095 1 186 1 115 2 216 53849 118 5384548391 17 29767, 16 15 115 3 216 54003 53849 54003 7 2957 5 4 115 4 216 54064 115 538454063 21 28716, 18 16 115 5 216 5493 118 5384549233 1 50 1 118, ( 35006500m) ( N1j EKJT CPDOTAnz ),,, 82

,,,,,,,, 216mm 213mm, 1996 284366m, 272707m, 959%, 1997 74848m, 71392m,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, 701 1,,,,,,,,, LX4,, 1, S278 1m ; YD2 35m1m 1990, LN12 250m, 149mm 12, 1647m, 573m, 35 %,,,,,, :, ;, 115mm; 8mm; : 3040kN, 4555r/ min, 11L/ s; 1020kN 03m,, 02m,,,, LX4 JF126 JF127 YM201, ( 9) 9 ( mm) ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ( % ) 149 530991532638 1647 573 350 0 250 P ( ) 149 532828533596 769 731 951 0 250 P ( ) L N 12 149 533597533982 385 331 860 0 250 P ( ) 149 533982534239 257 241 940 0 250 P ( ) 149 534239534652 413 440 106 0 250 P ( ) 149 534813535276 465 465 100 0 250 P ( ) 83

( mm) ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ( % ) 149 541285543070 1785 180 10 0 5 4 ( ) L X 4 149 543070543705 635 109 172 0 5 4 ( ) 149 543705544600 895 888 992 0 5 4 ( ) 149 544600545549 940 920 980 0 5 4 ( ) 149 540849551752 903 903 100 0 5 4 ( ) 152 518650518930 280 100 357 0 5 4 ( ) 152 518930519120 190 100 526 0 5 4 ( ) 152 519120520030 910 120 132 0 5 4 ( ) 152 520030520460 430 190 442 0 5 4 ( ) J F 126 152 520460520700 240 275 115 0 250 P ( ) 152 520700520980 280 170 607 0 250 P ( ) 152 529080521200 220 250 114 0 250 P ( ) 152 521200521680 480 464 967 0 250 P ( ) 152 521680522020 340 310 912 0 250 P ( ) 152 522020522680 660 690 104 0 250 P ( ) 152 522680523200 520 520 100 0 250 P ( ) 152 523200424100 900 900 100 0 250 P ( ) J F 127 152 528758529431 673 673 100 0 5 4 ( ) 152 530327530550 223 214 961 0 5 4 ( ) 152 530550531395 845 845 100 0 5 4 ( ) 152 531395533138 1743 870 499 0 5 4 ( ) 152 580700581370 670 437 652 0 250 P ( ) YH 152 581370581791 421 405 962 0 250 P ( ) 152 591791582168 377 368 967 0 250 P ( ) 5 152 582168532600 432 432 100 0 250 P ( ) 152 532600582970 370 370 100 0 250 P ( ), 5, :,,, : a ; b ; c,, 2030min,,, JF127 15 :,, ;, 03m, 84

;, 03m,, 100kN,, 100kN,,, :,,,,,, TZ12 YT6, 10 10 ( m) ( m ) ( m ) ( % ) ( m/ h ) ( m ) TZ12 465660 53000 19911 19512 980 O 192 1106 YT 6 5466578848 12354 12162 984 J, T 063 1376,,,, 1986,,,,,,,, 1997 PDC,,,,, H2 S,,,,,,, 85

(, : 102200),,,,,,, 50007000m,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, : 4445mm, 3397mm ; 3112mm, 2445mm ; 2159mm, 1397mm,,,,,,,, ( ), 30005000m, 4445mm 200800m, 5000m 4445mm 1000 3000m, 35004000m,,, 3112mm, 24m/ h, 4445mm, 12m/ h,, 1m/ h, 05m/ h 5 3737 20723m, 16986m 55 4445mm, 86

3088m, 0478m/ h (1 ) 1 5 4445mm 4445mm 3737 20723m 3088 m 6467h 0478m/ h 55, 3112mm 1, 4445mm P1 P2 P3, XHP2 XH P3, 4445mm,,, 4445mm, 2,, 4445mm 3112mm, 4445mm 1m 3112mm 207%, 2159mm 424% 2 2, 4445mm ( ) 3112mm 50 %, 2159mm 35%, 4445mm 002, 1000 2000 3112mm 4m/ h, 004 4445mm 2m/ h,, 4445mm 3112mm,,,,, 2 ( mm) (cm 3 / m ) ( kn ) ( kn/ cm 2 ) ( r/ min) ( k N/ cm 2 r/ min ) 2159 36591 100 % 120 160 03279 04373 70 22953061 100 % 3112 75999 208 % 180 240 02368 03158 70 16582211 72 % 4445 155100 424 % 180 240 01158 01547 70 8111083 35 % 3, 4445mm 3112mm 429%, 2159mm 106%, 4445mm 3112mm 204, 2159mm 424,, 50 L/ s, 4445mm 127mm,, 87

, 4445mm, 3112mm 1/ 4, 2159mm 1/ 9 (3) 4445mm,,,,, 3 2500m ( mm ) ( L/ s ) ( M Pa) ( M Pa) ( MPa) ( m/ s ) ( kw ) ( k W/ cm 2 ) 2159 25 20 53 147 104 3672 100 100 % 735 3112 40 20 1109 799 067 3166 042 42 % 416 % 4445 50 20 1644 356 035 1780 011 11 % 175 % : 127mm, 125g/ cm 3, 15m Pas 4,,,,,, 5,,,,, ( ),,, 4 ( ),, 4, ( ) 0MPa 45MPa, 10, 23 ( ),, 4 ( MPa) 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 ( kg) 305 389 430 842 1371 1510 1630 2479 3190 100 130 140 280 450 500 540 820 106 ( mm 3 ) 1524 147 140 136 119 974 857 719 684 100 104 109 112 130 160 180 210 230,,,,,,, ( ) 2159mm, 1397mm 127mm (2159mm, 127mm ), 1775mm 1492mm,, 88

,,, (),,,,, (, ), ( ),,, ( ) 4445mm,, 4445mm PDC,,,,,, 4445mm 3112mm 7874kN/ m, 350kN, 4445mm, 4445mm,,, 180250r/ min,, 127mm, 5060L/ s, 1397mm 1683mm, 5 3000m,, 5 3000m ( mm ) ( L/ s ) ( mm) ( mm ) ( MPa) ( M Pa) 1143 925 93 2159 25 127 1016 64 29 1397 1214 35 58 1143 925 206 3112 40 127 1016 145 73 1397 1214 64 148 127 1016 196 4445 50 1397 1214 124 72 1683 1503 32 164 125g/ cm 3, 15m Pas 89

,,,,,,,,, H UGHES ATX 200r/ min, ATM 250300r/ min, MAX 350r/ minsmith MF3H 70 250r/ min, M2SD 70280r/ min, ( 180250r/ min),,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, PDC,, :,,, 200500m, 2550m/ h,,, H136 H216H137H217, H537, 89mm 127mm,, 1397mm,,,,,, 3 1500m 89mm 127mm, 127mm 89mm, 69mm 2729L/ s 136140g/ cm 3, 7090MPa, 50%, 90 ( HJ517 HJ537)

(GA517 ) (GJ135), ( 200250r/ min), ( ), 2159mm 30 % 60 %,,, 3937 5118kN/ m, 2159mm 787411811kN/ m, 2159mm,,, 80100h 1524mm, 2159mm,,, 2159mm 1524mm 1175mm ( ),,,,,,, 3112mm, 4445mm3112mm2159mm,, 2159mm, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2159mm,,,,, PDC,,,,,,,, 91

,,,, 1683mm, 1397mm 127mm 127mm,,,, 25MPa,,, [1 ], 1996 ( 4) : 5355 [2 ] () ( ) :, 1990 92

(, : 100083) (, : 100724 ) 1, 231 2159mm,, 1,,,,,, :,,,,,, 2060, 2085,,, : ; ;,,, 1,,,, 1 231,,,,,, ( ),,, 93

( ),, ; ; ;, ;, ; ( ), :,,, : ; ; ; : : ; : ( ),,, ( ) 1 ( 4445mm ) 1 101m 356m, 0315, 8t 630m707m, 199251175m, 4251145m, 1m/ h, 3 1m1, 1155m (425 ), 12599m, 175 12599m (175 ) 1820t, 175, 27m/ h1377m 1416m, 20 22t, 175125, 30m/ h1416m 1463, 2223t, 12505, 30m/ h, 8t 23t,, 500m, 175, 2, 104 ( 12 1 ) 94

1 1 ( m ) ( m) ( t ) ( h) 5 77847 83027 518 8 10 4475 6 83027 94108 11081 9 10 7325 7 9410 96742 2346 8 2925 8 96742 10626 9518 8 10 9125 9 106260 115513 9253 8 910 10 115513 127886 12373 8 1005 11 127886 137876 9473 18 20 3875 14 137876 146344 8468 20 23 310 15 146344 156014 967 16 18 4545 16 156014 163335 731 18 20 3245 17 163335 170019 6684 18 20 2975 18 1700191782 8181 18 20 3300 2 1 4445mm ( ) ( t ) ( m ) ( h) ( m/ h ) ( % ) 6 8 49751 430 116 6 18 23 49786 2104 237 1040 ( ) 1 ( 3112mm ) 1 1782m 256747m, 16, 56t, 256747m, 45 25674m 6t 20t,, 3300m, 1 ( 23 3 ) ( ) 231,, 1997 5 5 5 15, 32533 231 562m ( 0 ) 231,, 275, 205360m/ h 1600m, 231,, 95

4 1 1 2 1 96

3 1 3 1 (3112mm ) ( ) ( m) ( m ) ( hmin ) ( kn ) ( r/ min) 627 30 241850 1808 2115 60 80 70 ( m ) ( ) 628 30 244042 3968 4345 60 80 70 2415 58 629 30 245450 5408 6630 60 80 70 2444 58 630 30 246013 5971 7930 60 80 70 71 31 246950 937 2130 80 60 72 31 248800 2787 4345 50 60 73 31 250450 4437 6415 50 60 2487 62 74 31 252036 6023 8645 60 60 2508 6 75 31 253750 7737 10915 60 60 76 31 255200 9187 13145 60 60 2534 55,, 77 31 256747 1073 15300 60 60 78 32 258089 1342 700 180 70 2562 45 79 32 262550 5803 2800 180 70 2581 375 710 32 265788 9041 4830 180 70 2610 315 711 33 267510 1722 945 180 70 2537 3 712 33 269394 3606 2715 180 70 2610 3 713 34 269394 714 34 269474 080 730 50-80 60 715 35 270479 1005 745 180 60 716 34 270531 052 645 40-80 60 717 36 272630 2099 1545 180 58 718 36 272785 2254 1815 180 58 2712 25 719 37 274700 1915 2030 180 52 97

( ) ( m) ( m ) ( hmin ) ( kn ) ( r/ min) ( m ) 720 37 276989 4204 4030 180 52 2752 2 721 38 277200 211 130 180 52 722 38 279250 2761 2530 180 52 723 38 282300 5311 4830 200 52 724 38 283078 6089 5700 200 52 725 39 285250 2172 2230 180 52 726 39 288000 4922 4415 180 52 727 39 290400 7322 6745 200 54 728 39 292800 9722 9045 200 54 ( ) 729 730 39 292000 9822 9245 200 54 2908 15 40 293020 120 430 40 50 40 293304 404 1230 80 50 41 293304 731 41 295920 2616 2145 200 55 81 41 297650 4346 4515 200 55 82 41 299291 5987 6745 200 55 83 41 300800 7496 8200 200 60 84 41 301607 8303 1012 200 60 2997 15 86 42 303470 1863 1845 200 60 87 42 305400 3793 3945 200-220 60 88 42 307130 5523 6015 200-220 60 89 42 297650 4346 4515 200-55 810 42-3088 10 4 231 2 2 6 ( m ) ( ) ( m ) ( ) ( m ) ( ) 27580 030 40320 045 57634 200 49339 145 58337 100 64170 210 60810 200 78350 100 76968 245 73049 115 89629 220 92155 230 91376 200 102134 245 11000 145 115542 330 120570 345 98

231 2 2-6 ( m ) ( ) ( m ) ( ) ( m ) ( ) 126710 430 12870 215 130508 400 13970 645 136649 345 14000 030 16372 300 143000 600 150500 600 ( ) 1 11 1, 53,, :,,, 2 1 ( < 1415m ), 10 12t, 40 min1415m 18t, 20min, 1476m, 2, 20t, 18min,, 1639m, 4 10( 9 ), 2( 5) 5 1 ( m ) ( t) ( m/ h) ( ) ( ) 141512 10 125 2 4 14520 18 26 2 15310 20 35 3 16390 18 22 47 16780 16 21 415 9 17250 16 20 33 189288 18 21 2 7,,,, ;,,,,, 99

,, 1,,,,,, [1 ], :, 1990 [2 ],, 1993 [3 ], :, 1989 100

(, : 736202), 5,,, 5, 6,, 3000m,, 41710 4 t1050010 8 m 3, 1910, 24491310 4 m, 3 21 10 8 t, 5 % ; 150010 8 m 3, 143% 1210 4 km 2,,, :,,, 79955, 32, 89302m, 1136410 4 t 3,,,,,,, 3 98161, 25, 70660m3 16, 12261310 4 t, 40 52% 1997 19 29764, 9, 34109m,, ( ), 1994,,, 1 1 29 24 2445mm 101

3 1 1 3132 315228m, 29 2938 298045m, 24 342856 345674m; P110, 1199mm,,,, ;,,, ;, 1 1 137,,, 3 1 1 3 1 1 29 24 ( m ) 312900 14928 293800 298045 342856344574 ( m ) 2028 4245 2818 2445 + 158 2445 + 158 2445 + 158 3 + 12 3 + 127 1 + 165 + 127 5 + 1 + 165 + 127 5 + 127 127 ( g/ cm 3 ) 128 130 146-148 158 ( s ) 60 70 70 75 5390 ( kn ) 20 50 20 50 10 ( r/ min) 65 68 120 120 ( L/ s ) 18 20 20 2022 ( M Pa) 16 18 12135 1214 ( hmin ) 4736 10000 3300 ( m/ h) 0426 0425 0854 ( ) 5 3 2 ( m ) 2159 313400 443906 294000 410000 342900387250 1524 443906 484000 410000 478308 387250400000 1 4430m, 29 200 t, 24 168m 3 3 2525m4445mm 7030m 3112mm,, : ; (2263m )(103m/ h) ( ) 2040 5580 609020302030, + PDC,, 102,

,,,,,,,,,,,, (1 ),,,,,, (2 ),,, 1 2 ( 463, 2535 ; 134, 1525 ),, 4, 30 (93m ) : 475 243 99 215mm + 1778mm ( 78m ) + 214mm + 1778mm + 127mm ; : 4001595m; : 60180kN; + 214mm + 127mm 103

: ; : 463 452m/ h (475 438m/ h )134 658m/ h; ( 243 595m/ h) ( ),,, 95% 1996, 13 1 19 3, 882m, 8267m, 9373 %, 100%, ( ), 3 1, 2000m 1026m, 14 18 3360 3985m,,,,, SMPSMCPFCSMT FCLS, SMP2SMCPFCSMT ( FClS) NTA, 4000m 14, 5000m 3, 2,,,, NH4 HPANHT201, 3 (1 ),, ph,, ( SMPH UCCHSPXY27 ) 104

85%, HTHP < 15mL, ph < 9, (2 ), 118, 150, 155g/ cm 3, 32113309m, 82m 3 / d; 32 4205m, 260m 3 1010 5 m 3 (3 ),, 13 3740m, 141g/ cm 3 157g/ cm 3 ; 376339m, 124g/ cm 3,, 34mm9 3031m,, 131132g/ cm 3,, 3169m, 181m 3, 6M Pa, 49MPa30min, 00015MPa/ m,, 8mm 15110 5 m 3 984m 3, 24 12 23 ( ), 5 5 31, 100%, 100% 1 1 349270m,, 209210g/ cm 3 1803263492m 35566mm, 1074% 2445mm : 240g/ cm 3, 298min ( 9569MPa), API 35mL/ 30min (7M Pa), 24h 31M Pa ( 130), 48h 167MPa (90), :, 5m 3,,, : V = Qt60 - V1 - V 2 V, L ; 105

Q, L ; t, min; V1, L ; V2, L,,, 839% ; 964%,, 1000,, 2772m2786m GFP 115194, 3MPa;, 3 10M Pa 1 2 2 1 ( m ) ( m ) ( % ) 0 1400 1400 < 5 14002800 1400 20 30 28003175 375 80 90 31753490 315 10 20 16MPa, 30min, 1 4800m, 9, 24 1778mm 3859m 2,,, 4445mm 3397mm 1803m, 3112mm 2445mm 3492m, 2159mm 1778mm 4302m 1 1 5500m, 2159mm 4439m, 1778mm ; 49 ; 156g/ cm 3,,, 3,, 001003,, 106

,,,, 4 1993, 1 32 1 8,,, 127mm 1778mm 28 5, 3712m 33 (), 100% 728 % ( ), 3 3 ( m ) ( / ) ( m/ h ) ( m/ ) ( d) ( d) 1991 1 4605 66 143 251 539 551 1992 1 4300 61 114 289 436 463 1993 2 4145 455 153 423 323 377 1994 1 4205 31 202 501 252 261, 4000m,,,,, ( ),, : 1 ( 119121g/ cm 3 ) 96043m96341m,, 1267m, ( 170 g/ cm 3 ), 87954m, 400m 176611m, ( 188g/ cm 3 ) 85d17h20min, 709 1 345322m,, 5125h 1 2001807m 1607m, 4445mm 24, 136m/ h 107

( ),,, 1997 1 1 1,, 4500m, 25,, 2900m 4060 kn, 13, 0610m/ s, 7 30 1, 4200m, 58 1997 3 7, 3397mm 330m; 24447mm 2315m, 2050kN, 0208m/ h, 9, 538m/ ( ) 1,, 1,, 4500m 1200m, 50mm 3792m,, 13503792m 20 ( 11, 6, 3 ), 569 h100160kn, 118r/ min ( ), :,,,, 30% 60%,,, ( 22% ), 3210-3 m 2 ) 6923%,, ( ),, : ; ; ;,, 108

, 85%, 00030005M Pa/ m ( ),,,,,,, ( ) : ;,, : ( ), 51, 3 11 10 1989, 27 :, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, ;, ; 3000m,, ;,,, ( ),, ;,,, ;,,,,, ( ; ;, ),,, 109

,,,,,,,, : ; ; ; ;, 110

(, : 834000),, 91 15, 76,, 8,, 454, 6009, 7432895m, 112, 289, 837243m,,,, 1996, 39962 10 4 t, 1830410 8 m 3,,, 91,, ( ),,, 1,, Filliphono,, 1 1 ( m) ( M Pa) ( MPa) ( % ) 2 J 4275 5269 5100 331 J 4450 5634 4530 2437 J 4270 3900 3620 773 1 C 4400 5910 6662-1129 C 4554 7690 6946 1072 J 3260 3985 4020-087 2 J 3445 4421 4250 402 C 4578 6652 6684-048 111

( m) ( M Pa) ( MPa) ( % ) 3 J 3227 4350 3878 1217 C 4780 5040 6803-2592 001 C 4504 5589 6703-1662 J 3504 4680 4411 610 003 J 3793 5605 47531 1792 C 4327 6635 5931 1186, 2592%, 048 % 2,,, 2 2 ( m ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( % ) 3258 3298 J 1s 100 092 870 1 3575 J 1b 105 103 194 4535 C 139 142 211 2 4464 C 144 151 464 3 4631 C 143 151 530 001 4448 C 135 138 217 002 4422 C 142 151 596 3220 J 1s 103 099 404 003 3545 J 1b 104 107 280 4428 C 148 154 390 005 44805 C 142 151 596 006 4368 4420 C 148 155 452 3, 194% 870 %, 444%, 3,,,,,,, 3,, 4,,, 112

,,, 3 ( m ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( % ) 2 2632 T 3 142 156 897 3517 P 2W 210 184 1413 001 3403 T 12 185 180 278 002 3423 T 12 168 182 769 004 2714 T 12 161 167 359 005 2640 T 3 161 172 639 006 2673 T 3 170 174 230 ( ),,,, PDC,, 45 PDC, 6,, 27% 3384%, 1659%, 4 3K d < 4 4 K d < 5 5 K d < 6 6 K d < 7 7 K d < 8 8K d < 9 5 PDC ( m) ( s ) PDC 1 1 212090212620 K 1 19679 426 PD4HS R435 2 3 34155341830 J 2X 82305 636 3 3 341830341960 J 2X 44442 547 4 002 348670349377 J 2X 47725 557 5 1 348990349285 J 2X 88116 646 PD5 R437 B27m 6 3 385500392700 J 1b 57719 582 7 3 392177392507 J 1b 82387 636 8 1 383800393900 T 3b 42083 539 9 003 412250412384 T 2K 10351 668 PD5 R437 B33m 113

6 K 1 3Kd < 4 ATJ05A T M05 J11 AT J11A T M11 J 2X 4Kd < 6 ATJ11X22 J22 A TJ22 J 1s J 1b 5Kd < 6 J22A TJ22 A TM22 J 3b T 2k 3Kd < 7 J22A TJ22 A TM22 T 2K C 8Kd < 10 A TJ22X33 ATJ33A T M33 J33, ( 1821MPa), 1997 1990 1327m, 1997 1990 1514m/ 049m/ h,, ( ), 1988 80, :,,,,,, 9, 5, 7733,, ( ), 2 7, : HW101HW702, 1127106309m, 4 HW101,, HW702,, : a ; b ; c ; d; e ; f; g ; h ; ; j; k i, 45 114,,

;,, 7, 14 30 / 30m, 550m, 85, 5016m, 100%,, ( ),,,,,, 2445mm 3090,, KCl,,, 8 6 7, 1706m, 1010, 330, 23795mHW902, 255t/ d, 57,, ( ) :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 23, 20% 30%, 20% 30%, 11527 18, 10, 115

( ) 2 2, 2,,,,,,,, 2 2 ( ) : ;, ;, ;,, ;,,, ;,,, 4, 192, 706, 588, 326, 37, 70%, 20089,, 2886, 3250354 ( ) G G 8 : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 8, 2000 ml : 250mL ( 30min7MPa) ; 50mL (30min7M Pa) ; 20mL (30min7M Pa) n > 075, G 189g/ cm 3 225g/ cm 3 240g/ cm 3, 100, 1593, ( ) 140mm,,,,,, 127mm, 165mm, 140mm,, 116 140mm,,

,,, 5, 2000m, 10, ( ), 215mm, 125mm, 290 5, 9564m, 98%, 100% ; 5306m, 986%, 100%, 978 % 5, ( ),,,,, 1000m 3,, 3600m,,,, 2/ 39/ 10,, ;,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, 1997, 2000, 2000,, ( ),,,,, 1500,,, QCX1 ST1ST2,, 42t/ d, 40%, ( ) MMH, MMH,, 2 1997 6 117

, 200, MMH,, 800, 1996, ( ) 4 4, 1991, 1997 4, 242,,,, 260g/ cm 3 SMP1SPNH, 10% KCl FA367,, XY27, 502g/ cm 3,, 256g/ cm 3, ( ) 4 4, 4, 2952m, 255g/ cm 3 4, 502g/ cm 3, D600D604D135D144 H,, 6, 270g/ cm 3,, 252g/ cm 3,,,, ( ) MTC MTC,, T8839, 3200m, 1397mm, 180g/ cm 3,,,,,, 1997 10, 3 3,,,,,,,,, ( ), 4500m,,,,, 4, 137m/ h,,,, 118

( ),,,,,,,, 2100m, 4445mm, 4, 4445mm 200237m, 108d, 7, 39m/ h, ( 311mm) 93m/ h, ( ),,, 23255g/ cm 3,,,, 255g/ cm 3, ;,,,, ( ), 2 : > >, 24003100m, 1 4, 200g/ cm 3,, ( ) ( 5001600m),,,,, 1, 500m, 266m/ h, 505m 3,,, ( ),,,, 3900 3990m,,,,,, ( ),, ( 4 ),, 15002500m,,, 2, 1630m,,,,, 119

( ),,, : ; ; ; ; ;,,,,,, 18,,,, 8,,,, 120

(, : 838202 ) (, : 100724),,,, 311mm,,,,,, 1987 9 1, 1989 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 33010 4 t, 7010 4 t, 1997 7, 20 212, 676618m 3192m, 5037m ( 2 ), 944m (1 ) ; 92d, 97d; 1247m/ ; 316m/ h; 8541% ; 4006% ; 414% ; 336% ; 1056146m, 1011155m, 9574% ; 9858% ; 100% (12 ) 1 ( m ) ( m/ ) ( m/ h ) ( m ) ( m ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( m) (d ) ( d) 1987 1 2577 779 400 1988 2 1 6374 387 159 21526 20489 9818 100 100 4467 41490 54090 121

( m ) ( m/ ) ( m/ h ) ( m ) ( m ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( m) (d ) ( d) 1989 7 7 18700 653 309 35944 33076 9202 100 100 2733 11921 15622 1990 15 12 48176 847 292 43946 42870 9755 9167 100 3224 11160 12698 1991 23 21 74388 780 283 121201 117309 9679 9048 100 3359 13681 14903 1992 44 45 135029 1100 374 174460 165631 9494 100 100 3075 8525 8865 1993 46 47 136553 1105 364 202087 196306 9714 100 100 2999 8431 8783 1994 31 29 97948 1106 3658 155653 146567 9416 100 100 3129 8170 8521 1995 18 21 65476 1012 311 122580 117387 9576 100 100 3208 8133 8679 1996 18 19 49591 1001 360 113495 109673 9663 100 100 3073 7916 8421 1997 ( 1 7 ) 13 10 41806 1353 420 65254 61858 9478 100 100 2968 6632 6979 218 212 676618 1247 316 10516461011155 9574 9858 100 3192 9241 9783 2 ( h ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) 1987 2379 8546 2717 008 004 1169 273 1988 11876 8446 3384 138 504 069 552 1989 20604 6820 2937 201 1473 438 1009 1990 34187 7881 4040 205 569 385 505 1991 68689 7808 3825 216 493 385 471 1192 88319 8887 4086 082 335 301 305 1993 88901 8522 4218 077 446 556 225 1994 63744 8613 4289 051 341 370 484 1995 46565 8959 4517 084 250 267 292 1996 35639 8405 3866 063 373 520 530 1997 (1 7 ) 22234 8963 46789 040 171 282 531, ( ),, 122

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 90,,,,,,, 80,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, 18 ZJ45,, 3NB1300, 3NB1000, 300kW,,,,,,,,,, ; 310 4 t ;, 123

( ),,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, 1, (1 ) J3q,, 2000m,,, 1 1 J2q, J3 X,, J1b 481m, 27m, 100m, 21m, ( 1 1 ) (2 ) 3112mm,,,,,, 2445mm 3000m 3500m,, (3 ) ( Esh K1h J2q J2 xj2 x J1 sj1b ) ( ),,, 124

, (4 ), 20MPa,,, 4,,, 4,,, 24, 4, ( ),,,,,,,, 3 3 ( m ) ( d) ( d) 1988 4467 41490 54090 1989 2733 11921 15622 1990 3224 11160 12698 1991 3359 13681 14903 1992 3075 8525 8865 1993 2999 8431 8783 1994 3129 8170 8521 1995 3208 8133 8679 1996 3073 7916 8431 1997 ( 17) 2968 6632 6979,, 4,, 1996, 1238mm1778mm1238mm1397mm, 125

,,,,,, PDC, PDC 4 4 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 ( 1 7 ) 159 309 292 283 374 364 358 311 360 402,, 2, 3, 2 3,, 168, 158,, 168,,, J3q,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 812h,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 126,

,,, ( ),,,,, 2 3,,,,,,, 23 6 ( 481m, 27m) 311mm, 311mm,, 311mm 2, 361m/ h, 1 145m/ h, 311mm 2 1192m, 35h 311m, 52% 311mm J2 q PDC, 311mmPDC 38871m/, 4237%,,,, 101,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ; ; 2 ; 127

, AP I ; ; AP I ; ; RC800, 50mL ;, ( ) 1,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 2,,,,, ZJ45 05 06,,,,, :,,, ZJ45 ( ) 1(311mm ), (311mm ),,,, : 128 311mm 311mm 311mm

,, 311mm, PDC, 311mm 2,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 129

(, : 433121 ),,, PDC,,,, MTC, 1391km 2, 10192 10 4 t, 3278310 4 t, 2945 10 8 m 3,,, ( 10km 2, 100m, 100m ) 1 1 ( km 2 ) ( k m 2 ) ( km 2 ) ( km 2 ) 9 032 17 036 9 037 35 035 3 203 9 066 / / 12 10 3 067 3 047 32 045 38 047 1 056 52 027 6 039 59 028 / / 2 113 / / 2 113 16 072 83 036 47 042 146 042 10010 4 t 13, 1991, 73510 4 t,, (8687) 10 4 t,,,, 2621 / t,,, 104 137 (2 1) 5, 5,,,,,,, 91, 2105 130

10 4 m, 47910 4 m, 66310 4 t, ( 3 4) 2 ( 10 4 t) ( ) ( 10 4 t/ ) ( t/ m ) ( / t) ( ) ( 10 4 m ) ( 10 4 t ) 70 2114 697 1766 278 10 33 3992 10643 104 133 2584 1707 3192 411 128 661 2409 9018 109 1991 18 48 445 1137 128 247 908 2885 9421 128 1992 22 474 504 1284 123 229 1064 2434 944 13 1993 14 352 504 1753 118 36 1432 2344 10883 134 1994 21 411 501 1358 13 239 1219 2594 11371 131 1995 16 37 416 1104 122 26 1101 2935 11625 137 91 2105 2370 6636 621 26 1126 2621 11625 137 1 3 ( ) ( ) ( % ) ( 10 4 t) ( m ) ( m/ ) ( m ) ( m/ ) 1986 14 24 9183 40 65060 621 39037 489 1987 27 43 9332 250 80113 806 42908 704 1988 39 78 9473 320 142479 931 67074 923 1989 23 68 9543 550 134338 1013 51038 905 1990 25 71 9466 490 153293 1080 46242 1092 1991 18 63 9256 445 124769 942 45508 898 1992 22 71 9344 504 143725 1043 41971 833 1993 14 70 9466 504 165795 1224 35119 1063 1994 21 81 9381 501 164258 1147 41109 1048 1995 16 83 9579 416 162633 1422 39358 1425 1996 18 68 9645 453 135052 1481 30869 1282 1997 13 68 9621 166 15269 1796 27927 1382 131

4 ( m/ h) ( m ) ( m ) ( d) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) 1986 225 2921 6109 1389 7731 436 742 1987 345 1875 7948 849 7603 291 771 1988 380 1853 8967 602 7619 319 684 1989 428 1896 8578 662 7578 428 442 1990 472 2120 10638 632 7549 510 694 1991 369 2038 9297 692 8077 39 541 1992 482 2104 10150 655 80 532 586 1993 525 2205 11112 674 8054 531 750 1994 537 2291 10090 6598 7685 861 831 1995 554 2287 11897 564 8602 198 573 1996 616 2065 11426 5051 8624 475 412,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, ( ), 1993,,, 2445mm 1000m, ; 1994 24 5, 1600m,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 630m,,,,,, 132

( ),,,, 2030mm,,, ( ) 250mm 450mm, 450mm,, ( ),,, ( ),,, 35min, 23, ( ),,,,,,,, ( ),, 1,,,,,,,, 2, ;, 3,, ;, 4,, 5,,,, 133

,,, ( ),,, 1997 27 % 438%, 1, 15,,, 2,,,,,,, 1995 72,,,, NaClKClCaCl2, NaClKCl, ; CaCl2 ;, 56km 2 70010 4 t, KHPANPHPJH488, CaCO3 PHP CMCSKY, ( 1015) 10 4 mg/ L,, 1996 857% 3,,,,, 72 47,,, ; 57 4,,,, 134

, NTA,,, PDC,,, B461RBT + PDC,,,, 85%, 5,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, 728%, 146,,,, 70 ;,, ( ) 1,,,, PDC PDC,,,,,, PDC, FM4 PDC 10002700m,,, 3050kN,,,, J PDC,,, 2,, 2500m, 135

, PDC,, 532%, 468%, 20M Pa, 1991 369m/ h 1997 659m/ h, 2,,, 2 3, PDC,,,,,,,,,, 4,,,,,, ;,,,, 23, 1651mm,, : ; ; 136

, 130: : 3112mm12379m : 2445mm12330m : 184mm, 43507m, 1207mm + 889mm ; 1651mmPDC, 118259m, 098m,, 1651mmATJ 1315m,,, 24 / 100m 182,, PDC,,,,,, 130,,, ;,,,,,,,,, ( ) d c,, dc,,,, ( ),,,,, dc,, 5%,, 11% ( ),,,,,,, ( ),,, 137

1,,,, 2,, 3, 50m, 55, 1800m,, 10, 1725m, 120g/ cm 3, 06m/ h,,, 128t ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 162170g/ cm 3, 48h,, ( ),,,,,, 2445mm1397mm,,, 1993 243 24, 3, 2445mm 13970mm, 1994 3 2628301,,,,,,, 2445mm 1397mm, 5 138

5 ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) 24 2265 287525 173535 214845 173535 3 1585 123293 109420 157048 109420 26 1889 166266 146537 181249 147066 301 2061 165252 146153 191350 145625 28 2160 181142 165758 210486 165758 ( ),,,,,,, 27 : 15 % OS + 03% Fe + 03% B + 01% Rs1,,, 27 074m, 12010 4 t ( ) MTC ( MTC),,,, MTC,,,, 8, MTC,,,, 160,, 1800km 2, 72%, 60,, 11, 4, 3 1,, ( ) 1,,,,,, 139

2,,,,,, : 3397mm + 2245mm + 1397mm ( ) 12,,,,,,,, 3,,,,,, 3,,,,, 12,,,, ( ), : ; ;,,,,,,,,,, ( ) :, ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 3,, 8,,, :,, ;,, ;,, ( ) ; 140, ;, ;

, ;,,,,,,, 141

(, : 834000),,,,, 5000m,,,,, 5,,,, 6, 14,, 4500m 5, 3, SHWO1SHW06SHW08,,,,,,, 4445m, 5000m, 149,,, 923m ( )265m ( ), 200m,, ;, ;, ;,, ;,, 142

07m/ h, ; 149,,, ; MWD ( 5000m),, ;,,,,, ( ), ( 1),,,, 1 / ( m ) N 1173/ 1173 090100 100115 K 1 2950/ 1777 158165 J 2x 3180/ 230 J 1m 3445/ 265 095 104 112120 166170 J 1b 3870/ 425 T 3b 4065/ 195 T 2k 4275/ 210 112117 130145 172183 T 1b 4320/ 45 120126 C 4550/ 230 145159 120140 186195 : 125g/ cm 3,, 130g/ cm 3,, 178mm,, SHW01, SHW06 SHW08 1 3397mm 500m, ; 2445mm 4000m, ; 2159mm, 1778mm + 1397mm ( 1) : 090,, ; 143

1,,,,, 2 3397mm 500m 3112mm 4100m, 60, 2445mm 1778mm + 1397mm (2 ) : 2 311mm 2445mm,, 216mm,,,,,,,, ( ),, 144

,,, 1,,,,, SHW001 SHW06 8 / 30m, 10 / 30mSHW01, SHW06 SHW08,,, 8 / 30m, 10 / 30m, 45, ( 34 ) / 30m,,, 2,,,, SHW01 2344m, 50m,,,, SHW06 3022m, 50m, T3b,,,,,, SHW08 3022m, ( ) ( BHA) 1 2445mm T3 b, 216mm 1000m,,,,,,,, 145

2,,,,, 3BHA ( BHA), BHA (1 ) :,,,, ( ) :,,, 1115113011 4521; 15175,, ( 2) 2 ( / 30 m) 11 15 374 904 T 2k 11 30 594 142 T 2k T 1b 11 45 69 15 T 1b 21 674 90 T 1b C 15 530 82 T 3b T 2k 175 83 T 3b,,,, SHW01, 146

, (2 ),, ( 350mm) ( 211mm208mm ),, ( 208mm),, 17 / 30m, 3 / 30m; 211mm,, 58 / 30m :, ( ), ; ; 3 3, 18 ( ),,,, (3 ),, SHW01 SHW08 P5LZ165 06513, SHW06, 075 120180r/ min, 4060r/ min, 147

4 MWD ESS,, ESS, MWD ;,,,,, MWD,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1, 125g/ cm 3, SHW01, 122125g/ cm 3, 132g/ cm 3, 135145g/ cm 3, 2,,,,, ;,,,,, CaCO3,, 120200kN,,, ;,,,, SHW01,,, 3 4300m,,, 148

4300m,, ;,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, : ;,,, ; SHW01 SHW08, 4358m 4535m,,,,, 18, SHW08,,, 06513,, 10h, 346m,,,, ( 4) 4 ER = n + 1 u R i i = 0 100 n 149

ER; Ri () ; u,,, ( ) 1,, 127mmS135, 69mm,,, 2226L/ s, 2159mm, 1m/ s ;, 1m/ s,,,,,,,, SHW01 SHW06 SHW06,,,,, SHW01, 4325m,, 3h, 1492mm 127mm, 4325m,,,, 2 2159mm, SHW01 SHW08,,,,,,,,, 3, SHW01 4380m, 158g/ cm, MWD,,, 57m 3, 4470m,, 21m 3, 40m/ h, 158g/ cm 3, SHW08 4711m,,, 40min 36m 3, 47183m,,, 5min 16m,,,,, 24h,,,,,, 150

( ) SHW01SHW06SHW08, A SHW01 1995 9 14, 11 14, 2445mm 401337m, 62d, 242m ESS, 25, 1996 2 10, 4060m, T3 b, 1996 5 14 439018m ( C, 67 ),, 4295m,, 6 29 350m,, 1996 7 16, 406621m,, 42m, 44847m, A, 89, 135, 43917m,,,,,, 1996 11 23, 48001m, 903, 706, 438552m, 31543m,, 1996 12 15 479307m, 1778mm 428843m + 1397mm50367m, 1392mm 428911m, 434402m, 1397mm SHW06, 1996 5 10, 7 14 398988m, 10 30, 495986m, 80899m, 451565m88, 4397m, 844, 50 SHW01,, 7d SHW08, 1996 6 25, 11 14, SHW01 SHW06,,,,, ( ) SHW10SHW16SHW04, B, SHW10SHW16,, SHW04,,,, 1778mm, 1524mm,,, 151

:,,,,,,,,,, 1778mm 2159mm,,,,, : + + MWD + +,,,,,,, 127mmS135,,,,, 152

1 (, : 257000) 1 5500m,,,, 580781m, 210, 2096m, 8675m, 183 43022m, 74% 10 785d 8h ( ) 1 : 1995 4 12 1600 : 1995 4 15 1510 : 4445mm + 590mm + 2286mm 1 + 2032mm 2 + 1778mm 3 + 127mm : 302m : 508mm, J55, 127mm, 2987m:, G 90t 2 : 1995 4 22 1030 : 1995 6 14 645 : 4445mm + 444mm + 2286mm 1 + 2032mm 2 + 1778mm 4 + 127mm : 2660m (4445mm 2600m, 3111mm 2660m) : 3397mm 1 1 ( mm ) ( m ) SM110 T T 1219 0 41027 N80 1219 41027112420 SM110 T T 1219 112420262315 :, 180t, 105t 10018 100274m 153

3 : 1995 7 16 100 : 1996 4 21 940 : 3111mm + 2286mm 1 + 2032mm + 2032mm 2 + 1778mm 4 + 1588mm + 1588mm + 127mm 5 + 127mm 3111mm + 310mm + 2032mm 2 + 1778mm 4 + 1588mm + 1588mm + 127mm 5 + 127mm 3111mm + 267mm + 310mm + 2032mm 2 + 1778mm 4 + 1588mm + 1588mm + 127mm 5 + 127mm 2159mm + 1778mm 4 + 1588mm + 1588mm + 127mm 5 + 127mm : 448255m 3111mm 1996 4 10 444547m,, 2159mm 21 448255m, 5 4 1995 5 11 2445mm 432480m : 2445mm 2 2 ( m ) ( m ) SM110 T 1105 0 21177 SM110 T 1003 21177104508 SM110 T 1105 104508432484 : 430521m : 118m 3, 104m 3, 227047m 4 : 1996 6 11 910 : 1997 2 27 1700 : 2159mm + 1588mm 7 + 1588mm + 127mm 5 + 127mm 2159mm + 214mm + 1588mm 7 + 1588mm + 127mm 5 + 127mm 2159mm + 192mm + 214mm + 1588mm 4 + 1588mm + 127 5 + 127mm 2159mm + 192mm + 214mm + 1588mm 2 + 127mm 17 + 1588mm + 127mm 5 + 127mm 154

2159mm + 1588mm 2 + 127mm 32 + 1683mm + 127mm : 5502m 5 : 1997 4 8 500 : 1997 5 29 1200 : 580781m : 2159mm + 192mm + 214mm + 127mm 27 + 1683mm + 127mm 200mm + 198mm + 127mm 27 + 1683mm + 127mm 200mm + 165mm + 198mm + 127mm 27 + 1683mm + 127mm 200mm + 165mm + 127mm 27 + 1588mm + 127mm 200mm + 165mm + 198mm + 127mm 27 + 1683mm + 127mm 200mm + 127mm 27 + 1588mm + 127mm 6 1997 6 6 1200, 787d 8 h 1 ( ) 3 3 ( m ) ( m ) 300 300 1107 807 1462 355 2027 565 2173 146 3177 1004 130555 33955 155

1 1 ( ) 1995 1,,,, 1995 4 12,, 1, 3000m, 3300m, 2 2850m : 125130g/ cm 3, AP I 1012mL, ph : 9, 22mL, cl - : ( 2530 ) 10 3 mg/ L 3000m : 135145g/ cm 3, API 78mL, ph : 758, 156

15mL, cl - : ( 2631 ) 10 3 mg/ L 3200m : 16070g/ cm 3, API 812mL, ph : 89, 17mL, cl - : ( 612) 10 3 mg/ L 3400m : 170185g/ cm 3, API 1214mL, 50mL, cl - : ( 1316 ) 10 3 mg/ L ph : 89, 3800m : 190195g/ cm 3, AP I 1012mL, ph : 8, 90mL, cl - : 1810 3 mg/ L 4000m : 191 192g/ cm 3, AP I 89mL, ph : 8, 53mL, cl - : 1810 3 mg/ L 4200m : 190191g/ cm 3, API 1213mL, 50mL, cl - : 1810 3 mg/ L 4580m : 190193g/ cm 3, cl - 469385m : 188190g/ cm 3, cl - : 1710 3 mg/ L 496385m,, 160165g/ cm 3, cl - 1010 3 mg/ L ( ) 70, 580781m, 79, 607849m (4 ) 4 : 1710 3 mg/ L ph : 89, 8297m, ( mm ) ( ) 4445 X22 3 P2 6 3111 XH P2 1 J22 8 PDC 4 BALAS 1 AT J22 8 AT J33 8 AT J44 1 2159 AT J22 1 AT J33 25 AT J44 5 J33 1 200 F37A 2 HP54 2 HP61A 1 HP62 1 PDC 1 79 157

( ) 250m, ; 10956m 9491m8660%, Y8210 17, 1 9 3111mm, 1819g/ cm 3 ; 1017 2159mm ( ),,,,,, 5 5 1 : 12951h35 min : 5944h25 min : 6854 % : 3146 % : 1111h34 min 5881 % : 1838h1min 973 % 54063163115573 61179282938562328727361042917375 18896 ( hmin) 37 20 04 43 10 48 50 00 11 45 45 19 20 20 00 ( % ) 2861 1674 061 304 032 949 439 204 330 152 39 552 485 199 100 ( ) 10,,,,,, 1 (1 ) 1995 11 10 710, 380152m,, 12 650 14 1010 1397mm,,,, 310mm J33 47h,, 14m 1990,, (2 ) 1995 12 7 ATJ22, 12 1120 390243m, 3 #, 70 h5min, 5459m,,, 158

(3 ) 1996 4 9 440629m, 240 3557m, 410 3585m, 7504351m 176kN,,, 1232 kn 1936kN, 1050, 1130 1628kN 4488kN,, 15 020 4406m, 500A,, 1 15 1364kN :,,, (4 ) 1996 4 27 2020 2035,,, 2898m28 219mm, 1220 1364kN, (5 ) 1800, 2445mm, 1996 5 56 (27305mm 2445mm 1 ) 411322m, 9 1830 10 1541 298944m ( ),, 375526m429823m, 2330 43248m, 12067m,, 42,,,,,,,,, (6 ) 1996 6 3 1100 432089m, 177 g/ cm 3 1200, 1610 192195g/ cm 3, 194 199g/ cm 3, 6 500 438387m ( 5903m) 15min, 1364kN,, 43248m436975m,, 7 510 191192g/ cm 3, (7 ) 1996 8 13 2250 496385m,, 25m,, 2305, 1232kN 616kN, 14 945, 92, 230115m, 26627m, 266769m 2159mmATJ33 ( 025m ) + 4304A10 ( 062m ) + 214mm 159

( 131m ) + 1588mm 7 ( 19074m) + 4A10410 ( 049m ) + 1588mm ( 1198m) + 127mm 5 (13822m) + 127mm ( 195754m) 14 1930, 15 130520 064m, 1130 200, 2230 1980kN, 2320, 2107L/ s10mpa,, 903L/ s 14MPa, 16 1450, 185g/ cm 3 35m 3, 2h, 1760kN,,, 17 25, 40,, 1719, 19 2250 27L/ s 105MPa; 20 1730, 22 700, 23 140 S135 285 ;, 24 178g/ cm 3, 33m/ h 23 26 30 177178g/ cm 3 51m 3, 68h ( ), 1225L/ min, 9 14 158159g/ cm 3,, 47 60m 3 72h 2200kN, 1219, 21151m11 17, 97d 14h, 20 47524m, 469316m,, (8 ) 1997 2 20 5476m, 1420 54 3940m ( ), 1188kN 1408kN, 176kN1100kN 30, 15 390089m, 4390m (),, 1408 kn 415570m406025m4051m389884m 3893m, 484kN,, (9 ) 1997 5 29 1200 580781m,, 5 30 000 72, 1012 kn 1760kN, 440kN 200mm, 375933m,, 170g/ cm 3, 31 840 1892 kn10cm, 915 1892kN 1276kN, 1760kN, 22m, 930 1628kN,, 1760kN 160

31 2300,, 2mm,, (10) 1997 6 1, 030 89m, 230 4100m, 300 3578m, 5000lb 6 2 2,, (1 ) 1 3605m493685m 17, 500 m 3 ( 6) 6 ( ) ( m ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( m 3 ) 19950923 361687 192 55 67 m 3 / h 19950924 361773 195 40 (4 ) 19951003 3566 187 73 69m 3 19960314 3199 190 7 19960401 4354 192 15 19960501 2938 194 10 19960510 43248 190 120 19960611 448515 194 15 19960628 464959 190 10 19960703 469805 192 50 19960708 475885 191 30 19960713 481958 186 20 19960717 485287 186 20 19960718 487287 189 10 19960724 490798 186 10 19960811 496316 185 10 19960812 496375 185 10, 80% (2 ) 1995 9 21 2050 356643m,,,, 2055 3566m, 1995 11 7 21 50 380021m, 3793m,, 37997m 45kN,, 051m 2h 55min 161

1996 3 23 42392m,, 2550m/ h, 190g/ cm 3 146g/ cm 3,,,,, 180d 2mm, 4,,, 500mm, 930g ( 130mm 110mm25mm),, 350400A, 500A, 600A ( ),,,,,,, 1995 12 3900m, 12V190 2 3NB1300,, 3 ;,,,,,,, ( ) 1, 12,, 05m,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 162,,

,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 5, 2, 20min/ m,, ;, 1m 2m,,,,,, 510kN,,,, 03m ( ),, 3111mm,, 096m/ s ( ) 067m/ s; 2159mm,,,, 3397mm, 187g/ cm 3, 195g/ cm 3,,,,,,,, 26232700m,, 2810m,,,,, 163

,,,, ( ) 1 :, ;,, 188g/ cm 3 ;,, 500mm ; 4445mm, 3397mm ; 3111mm, 2445mm,,,, 3397mm,, ; 2445mm,,, 21 2445mm 1 1996 5 11 2445mm, 1996 12 10, 1997 2 20 ( 70d) 2159mm 415570m406025m, 39459m, 390089m 389884m 26472655m (, 3900m),, 38963899m (253mm177mm, 76mm)2 27, 5502m, 1997 4 17 200mm, 5 29 580781m, 3759m, 37593592m 31 2445mm 10 1, 10,, (1 ) 1 10 2445mm : 23kPa/ m, 25 kpa/ m ; 10 188g/ cm 3, 1 190g/ cm 3, 162g/ cm 3 ; P110 1199mm 38MPa ; MS110T 1105mm 401MPa, 1003mm 308MPa 164 10 1 2445mm 7

7 10 1 ( m ) 3348 3348 P110 MS110 T 1 ( mm ) 1199 1105 048 051 130 134 ( ) 130 122 ( m ) 4324 4324 P110 MS110 T 2 ( mm ) 1199 1103 0367 0388 117 119 ( ) 130 122 (2 ) 1 1 10 2445mm, 1, 10 1 ; (495d) 1 ( 255d),, 10 270d; 10, 1,,,, 10 188g/ cm 3, 1 4963m 190g/ cm 3 162g/ cm 3, 10 1 10, 10,, 1 2445mm,,,, : (3 ),, 508mm, ; 3397mm ; 2445mm,,, 2445mm SM110T, ( SM150G 15% 17% ), 2445mm,, 165

2159mm, 1105mm, 5600psi 1588 ( 20876mm ) 13700psi, 245,,,,, ( 1588mm 200mm ),, 2508mm127mm,,,,, ( ) 1,,,,,, 140145g/ cm 3,, :, Cl - 18610 4 mg/ L, 150 70MPa, SO - 4 10000mg/ L,, 190195g/ cm 3,,,,,,,,, 2,,,, 190g/ cm 3, 0478MPa, 025M Pa,,,, 80 ;, 4%,,,,, 120,,, 1% 166

3,, 120,,, ( ) 1 DF 933% 1 5001, 3600m CONTINENTAL EMASCO 70 C, 500 USton (4536t), 1143mm 1200018000ft ( 36585486m ), 3912HP, 3 D398 2 FB1300 1 5500m, 5807m,,,, ( ), XHP2 J22J33J44ATJ22AT J33ATJ44 PDC PDC,,,, J22 J33, ; J22 ; J33,,,, 2159mm,, 2857% 1 2159mm, 4 M Pa, 25%,, ( ), 5000m 600A, 127mm ( S135 ) ( 1397mm 168 ), 127mm,,, G105, 167

91 (, : 300280),, ;, ; ;,, 91 91 ( ) 91 91,,, 780m, 10m, 22km 2,,,, 30 %40% (8001500 ) 10-3 m 2 : 39,,,,, ( ) 91 1, 2218m; 1150m; 7226 ; 1668m; 1451 230058m; 118060m; 7622 / 126320m; 172757m; 146 1, 2 168 : 1997 10 20 08: 00; : 1997 10 21 08: 00; : 1997 10 26 04: 00; : 1997 10 27 22: 30; : 1997 11 06 09: 00; : 1997 11 11 18: 00; : 1997 11 15 20: 00; : 16d 14h; : 26d 12h; : 069 ; : 333955m/ ;

: 1965m/ h; 91 ( ) 91, ( ), 9-1, :,,, ;, 230m,,,,,, ;, ; ( ), (), ;,,,, ( ),, ( 1) 1 ( m ) 150 300 260 ( / 30m ) 400 600 500 ( / 30m ) - 050-050 - 050 ( ) 5990 5837 5836 ( m ) 11500 11500 11500 ( m ) 16680 16680 16680 ( m ) 21843 22443 22342,,, 91, 2 ( ),,, ( ), 2,,,,,, 150m, 169

,,, 2 ( m ) ( / 30 m ) ( kn) ( % ) 21843 400 19453 19412 021 22443 600 22125 21820 14 22342 500 21699 21621 036 : 1 025, 035 ; 2, 04,, 1,, 2,, 1 91 ( ) 91 ( ), ( ),,,,,,, 91,, :, ( (56 ) / 30m ),, 170

2 91,, ;,,,, 035, 025,, 5 %,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 171

,,, 91, 3,,, 5% () 3 ( m ) ( kn ) 035 ( kn ) ( % ) 2266 9249 9620-40 2178 8912 9130-24 2119 8993 926-297 2031 8684 863 06 1953 8329 841-097 1894 8063 8500-54 1806 7560 7570-013 1748 6942 7290-50 1601 6242 6380-221 1542 6412 6280 21 1454 5854 5700 26 1307 5552 5310 43 1248 5317 5130 35 1189 5100 5160-12,,, ( ) 91 1,,, 91, : ; (, ), : 91, ; 172 ;,

; 2,, 91,,,, 3 3 91 NO1 BHA NO2 BHA NO2 BHA ; NO3 BHA NO4 BHA NO4 BHA 1 125,, 91 ( 655m ), 2 ( 5LZ1977Y BHA NO1), ;, 3112mm 173

, 2 (5LZ1977YBHA NO2),, ( 1203m ),, 1(5LZ1657YBHA NO3 ),, ;, 125 ( 5LZ1657YBHA NO4 ),,, 391 (1 ) ( 260m655m), NO1 BHA, 25LZ197-7Y, 3050kN,,,,, MWD,, ;,, 30m, (2 ) ( 655m1392m) 2245mm 1200m, 6 / 3112mm 2165mm (3112mm ) 548m, 2165mm 189m655m 1045m, 70715, 10454m 12039m, 2 ( ), 715675,, 91, 1 ( NO3 BHA),, NO3 BHA, 2159m,,,, 1200m 6651293m 7381293m 1392m,, 712, 7231,,,,, (3 ) ( 1392m2300m) 05 / 30m, NO3 BHA,,, 16768m, 69516768m,, 125 ( NO4 BHA), 3112mm,,,, 5m10m, 174, 91

,,,,, 91 ( ) 91,, :,, ;, ;,, ;, 191, ( ),,,,,, (1 ),,,,,,,, : 103 % + 02% KPAM + 04% N H - HPAN + 15% SAS;, (2 ),,,,, (3 ),, ;,,, :,,,,,, 91, 115g/ cm 3, ( n = 06, 175

k = 04 ),, (4 ),,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 91, 2159mm 1097m, 977m, 89%,,, 100m,,,, 291,,, : ;,,, 91,,, : HRH101 HRH102, 91 : 018, 00510068, 391, 91,, :, ;,,,,,,,,,, 91 : ; 4, 91,,, : 024579m 176

,,,,, : 34579120379m 108g/ cm 3 34s,,,, 1m 24kg, 12,,, : 120379230058m, 1m 12kg, 12,, 91,, ( ) 91,, ;, ;, 1, 91,,,,,, 5%, 2, 91,, VBL,, (1 ),,, API 50mL ( 30min69MPa),, (2 ), 91 : ; 177

, ;,, ; ; ;, ; ; ; ;, ;, ; ;, ; ;, 178

(, : 300280), ; ( 1000m) ;, ;,,,, 5m 16048km 2, ( ) 2696km 2,,,,,,,,,, 10, ;,,, 25m,,,,, 1789910 8 t, 3513610 8 m 3 ; 11078 10 8 t, 27652410 8 m 3 ; 130810 8 t, 1987510 8 m 3,, 6189%,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1997 11, ( 1000m ) 50, 179

192084m, 384170m, 132144m, 3453, 13475d, 10810d, 1500m 11, 2000m 4, F1 261551m, 4600m (731 )1, 1 2 1 ( m) ( m ) ( m ) ( ) ( m ) ( m ) ( % ) ( d ) 1 1990 353400 327148 108991 3250 9930 13900 2 1991 368720 321177 147165 3548 6004 11874 9996 11800 3 1992 375400 317690 157612 4025 5905 12206 100 17925 4 1993 394717 352067 112481 2780 8328 5947 9983 12592 5 1994 384575 330119 122982 3445 6357 16022 100 8425 6 1995 376378 328059 133370 3748 6464 6101 9964 6522 7 1996 386133 325333 144910 3571 4310 7117 9809 6144 8 1997 400163 334375 129644 3265 7242 10410 9862 9175 1997 11 5 1 ( 1000m) 2 ( 1000m),,,,, 1992 1997 ; 1992 1991 67m, 180

105m, 1991, 1997 4000m, 1996 33m,,, ;,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 3045,,,,, 3045, ( ),,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 2 F1 731 2 F1 731 ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ( ) ( m ) ( m ) ( d) F1 280 4420 3300 5187 261551 1409 79 731 400 4600 3520 3760 196305 4118 75, F1, 731, ( ), F1 F2100, 281 4500m (4591 ), 281 F1 181

434m (4600-4166 = 434m), 731 F1 89d (164-75 = 89d) ( ),,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, ;,, ( ),,, ;,,,,,,,, 731 F1 1731 (1 ) 400m 6 / 100m 3544 3467 : 99074m : 95378 m : 17697m 361644 m 414073 m 3520 m 20037m N55 W 182

(2 ) 731 1997 8 19, 4445mm 400m, MWD,, 11 1 4600m 3520m 196305m, 75d, 3 3 ( m ) ( mm ) ( h) ( m/ h ) 4001506 4445 9183 1204 15062660 3112 13567 842 26602703 3112 867 496 27033310 3112 3167 1917 33103387 2159 1550 497 33873867 2159 4017 1195 38673953 2159 5450 158 2 39534071 2159 4800 246 4071407528 2159 407528410155 2159 3167 087 410155 41086 2159 41086 4600 2159 4914 209 4,,, 45, (3 ) 34 2F1 (1 ) 280 m 8 / 100m 25 / 100 m 504 357 : 910m : 83188m : 25966 m : 3000m : 216410m : 187004 m 2090 m 347180 m 359709 m 394775 m 416670 m 437780m 250000 m 260000 m 290000 m 310000 m 330000m 220016 m 227562 m 245652 m 254543 m 261272m N55W 183

(2 ) 3 731 F1 () 1996 10 8, 4445mm 280m,, 2 4445mm, 137712m, 2445mm (125 ),,, : 50100 kn, : 63L/ s,, 4 3112mm 2445mm 249240m ( : 242994m, : 354, : 35 ),, 9 2159mm,, 1996 12 25 4420m 3300m261551m, 79d (3 ) 56 ( ),, 184

4 731 : MWD MWD,,,, MWD, F1,,,,,,, 1996 401 661321393 1997 52422,,,,,,,,,,, 185

5 F1, :,,,,,, 300m 2030h,, 1 2 ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 186

6 F1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 187

,,,, 1715mm,, ( LWD) 188

81 (, : 063200) (, : 100083) 81 2756m, 16264m, 20006m, 673, 131m, 1231,, 311mm, 81, 90,,, 21,, 60, 80:, : a b c d e,,, Ellwood Poole Wytcy Farm, Statfjord Gullfaks,, 243A14 9238m, 2985m, 80267m,,, 81,, 1650m, 2000m,,, 2km, 5000,,, 1980,,, 1650m 2000m 189

135, 2000m, 81 ( ),,,, 3 / 30m, 24 / 30m, 500m,, 81, 150m 500m, 1 1 KO P ( m ) ( ) 1650 m ( m) ( m) ( kn ) 1 150 6186 2762 3504 420 2 500 727 2976 4153 360, KOP 500m, 150m, 14 %, 4555,, KOP 150m ( ) 81 5080mm 50m + 3397mm 997m + 2445mm 2767m + 1778mm 3300m + 1270mm 3500m, 1 1 81,,,,, 3397mm, ( 190

30m), 68m,,, 2445mm, 1778mm,, 60,, 1778mm, 1524mm,, 1778mm 1270mm 1270mm,, 2159mm,, 1270mm,, 1524mm,, 2445mm, ( ) MWD 125, 70m,,,,, 70m,,,,,,,,,, 2,,,,, 2 3112mm 5 BHA 1 3112mm + 310 + 203DC ( 11m ) + 310 + 203DC ( 11m ) + 310 + 2 3112mm + 310 + 203DC ( 7m ) + 310 + 203DC ( 11m ) + 310 + 3 3112mm + 310 + 203DC ( 5m ) + 310 + 203DC ( 11m ) + 310 + 4 3112mm + 203DC ( 7 m) + 310 + 203DC ( 11m ) + 310 + 5 3112mm + 203DC ( 11m ) + 310 + 203DC ( 11 m ) + 310 + 81 2000m, 2653m, 4, 1997 7 26,, 10 30, 45d (8 20 11, 50d), 2756m, 16264m, 20006m, 673, 131m ( 191

2), 100 %, 1231,, 117m/ h, ( ) 1 4445mm 2 81, 125 244mm MWD, 70m ( 12 / 30m),,,,, 992m, 70m844m, 65 2 3112mm 2159mm,, 992m 1975m, 1461m,,, 3 200m, 3 / 100m,,,, 3, 2500m,,,,, 2445mm 2159mm 2756m,, 3 3 3112mm 2159mm 1 3112mm + 1252413mm + 307 + M WD + 203N MDC + 127H WDP + 2 3 4 3112mm + 1252413 mm + 307 + M WD + 203NMDC + 203DC ( 52 m ) + 127HWD P + 3112mm + 203DC ( 4m ) + 310 + 203DC ( 11m ) + 310 + 203DC (11 m) + 310 + 2159mm + 214 + 158DC ( 5m ) + 214 + 158DC ( 11m ) + 310 + 192

3, MWD,,,, : a 4445mm 3112mm,, 4445mm 3112mm, 70L/ s 55L/ s, 05m/ s 087m/ s b, 45s, 05 06 c, 80m 100m,,,,,,, 4 4 81 ( m ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( s ) AP I ( ml ) ( Pa) ( mm ) ( % ) 0 220 110 55 7 0/ 1 05 05 220 500 115 50 6 1/ 3 05 05 500 990 112 57 6 2/ 4 05 03 990 1250 115 50 6 2/ 4 05 03 1250 1850 115 45 5 1/ 3 05 03 1850 2120 115 45 4 1/ 25 05 03 2120 2350 115 48 4 1/ 2 05 03 2350 2500 115 49 35 1/ 35 05 03 2500 2600 112 52 5 15/ 35 05 03 2600 2756 115 60 45 2/ 4 05 03 5%, 2%, 012/ 45min, 7% 8%, 0506,,,,, ( ), 3397mm 2445mm 98858m 3397mm, ( 150m), 838m,,, 2496m 2445mm, 60, 673,,,,,,, 193

,,,, 10% H105,, 10min,, :, 10 %,,, 3397mm 2445mm, 3 3 81 3112mm,, 2445mm 18721969m 673,, 3,,,,,,, 10081460m, 02 02818721969m,, BHA 6 203mm, 52m, 5 127mm,, 4050kN 63, 203mm 36m, 4 093, 115, 022, 1200m, 36m1200m, 3( 4 ), 022 500kN, 140 kn, 1270mm 194

63 3112mm 216kN, 217mm 89kN,,, 140 kn, 3,,,,,,,,,,,, 2500m 4 203mm 3112mm, 200kN,, 300kN,,,,, 400kN,,,, 2500m 2445mm : 1h 1h, 80kN,, 200kN, 120kN, ( 00011 ), ( 109 105 kn 120 kn ) 1200m 2500m 54, 2000m, 118 / 25m, 2000m 103 / 25m, 4 3 / 25m, 4 / 25m,,,,,,,,,,, 300kN,,,, 1626Nm, 19422Nm,, 3, 14000Nm,,,,, 2 10,,, 195

, 81 81,,,, 5258, 1990 1638,, 5 81 5 81 8 1 ( 1990 ) ( ) ( m 2 ) ( ) ( m 2 ) ( ) ( m 2 ) 332 11670 5000 2827 2500 ( ) 788 258 ( ) 1120 5258 2758 ( ) + 4138 + 1638,,,,,,,, ( BHA ),,, ;, 3112mm, ( 1683mm ),,,,,,, 81, ( 1900m ),,,,, 81,, 196

,, 51, 10 81,, 81,, [1 ] 2445mm, 1997 (4 ) [2 ], 1997 (4 ) [3 ], 1997 (4 ) 197

(, : 834000 ), ; ( ), 50,,,,, 60,,,, 70,,,,,, ( ), 90,,,,, 1/ 4, 98%,,,, ( ), :, ;, ;,,, ;,, ( ) 5060,, 80, 198

, 1984 9 29,,,,, 108,, 09105108, 09, ( ),,, : 10MPa, ; 10MPa, ; ; ; ;, : ( : ),,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1997 4 10, G1137G1063GD1179 G1137 33853705m, 101103g/ cm 3, G1063 1524mm, 27, 3614m, 33053405m, 102104g/ cm 3,, 12t GD1179 1524mm, 40, 3875m, 34453875m, 101103g/ cm 3, 3685m, 9 21, 5mm, 160t, : d p = m ( 1 - ) + ggd h ( 1) 199

,, : g = go p Zr T r Po ( 2), : = Co ( Zr Tr po Qgo ) + 0345 Ap Zr Tr po Qgo g ( Dout - Din ) 2 m m - go p Zr Tr po ( 3) F ( p) = Co ( Zr Tr po Qgo ) + 0345 Ap g ( Dout - Din ) 2 m m - go p Zr Tr po ( 4) ( 2) (5 ) ( 1), : = Z r Tr po Qgo F ( p) ( 5) d p = m F ( p ) - Zr T r po Qgo F ( p) + go Qgo p F ( p ) gd h ( 6) ( 6), : p F( p ) p o m F( p) - Zr Tr po Qgo + go Qgo p d p g = H ( 7) ( 7),,,,,,,, :, ; z, m;, kg/ m 3 ; v, pfr = z D m/ s v 2 2, Retp,, = 64 Re ;, : 200 = 03164 Re 025 tp

Retp = Dev 1 + 0867 1 1 - m g m m, Pa s; g, Pa s, : pfr = ( 1 - ) z D 2 m v 2,, : Retp = D m v m 1 1 ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ( M Pa) ( m 3 / s ) ( m 3 / s ) ( Pas ) ( Pa) ( Pas ) ( kg/ m 3 ) ( kg/ m 3 ( K/ m) ) 020 010 200 4000 01 001 005 003 100 00002 15000 10 003 2 3 2 ( m ) ( MPa) ( MPa) ( M Pa) ( % ) 20000 2833 2770 063 187 22000 3124 3063 061 195 24000 3415 3357 058 170 26000 3706 3652 054 146 28000 3998 3946 052 130 30000 4290 4241 049 114 32000 4581 4536 045 10 34000 4873 4832 041 084 36000 5165 5127 038 074 38000 5457 5422 035 064 40000 5750 5718 032 056 2, 2, 061MPa, 195%, 032M Pa 056 %,,,, 201

,,,,,,, 2 3 ( m ) ( MPa) ( MPa) ( M Pa) ( % ) 20000 2971 2770 201 677 22000 3278 3063 215 656 24000 3582 3357 225 628 26000 3887 3652 235 605 28000 4192 3946 246 587 30000 4497 4241 256 569 32000 4802 4536 266 554 34000 5107 4832 266 521 36000 5412 5127 285 527 38000 5718 5422 296 518 40000 6023 5718 305 506 3,, 305MPa, 677%,,,,, 100,,, 35345 2000 1000,,,,, :,, 141, 71, 100m 3 34, 100500m 3 26, 500 1000m 3 6, 1000m 3 4,,,,,,, 202

,,,, ( ),,, :,, ; ( ) ; ;,,, ( ) 1, 35km,,, 290m590010 4 t, 432km 2, 3 1,,,,, 600m, ( P 1 2x )( P 2 2x ) ( P 3 2x ),, 2,,,, MBT, K +,, 3,, 689 %, 1239 %, 024110-3 m 2, 1509910-3 m 2 644%, 017510-3 m 2, 644 %, 026810-3 m 2, 4 : 05860037m 38% 46% ; < 0146m, 22% 203

,, : :,, : :,, FMI :,,,, 5 3689MPa, 1194, 777, 3777MPa, 1175, 802, CaCl2, Cl - 794873mg/ L, 11348102mg/ L, ( ) ;,, ;,,, 1 1 ( ), :, ;, 40mL/ min, 204

;,,,,,,,,, 10000mg/ L12000mg/ L,,,,,,,,, Ca 2 + Mg 2 +, ph,,, ph ph,,, ;, ph,,,,, G1137G1063 GD1179 ( ),,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 10 3000m, 30MPa, 01g/ cm 3 ;,, 1,, 12 : 205

a; b; c, 13, 7MPa,,, ( ) G1137 105 250m : ( P 2 2x ) : ( P 1 2x ), 20m :, G1063 G2035 G2045, G1137 G2085 200m, GD1179 105, 105 85m, 3780m, 3875m, 35, 315m,, P2x 1-1 2 : 30m : : G1137 P2 x 1-4 30m, ( ),,, G1137 G1063 2 3, GD1179 4 2 G1137 206

3 G1063 4 G1179 207

( ) 1 5 1524mm + 1207mm + 1207mm 1 + 1207mm + 1207mm 5+ 1207mm + 889mm + 889 + 108mm ( ) (5 ) 2 : : : :, ( ),,,,, : : 113g/ cm 3, 101103g/ cm 3 : H2 O + 02% Na2 CO3 + 01 % 02% KOH + 3% + 0% 06 % JT888 + 3% KCl + 02% 03 % A367 + 05 % 08 % NPAN + 02 % 04 % XY27 + 2% 3% SPNH + 3% SMP + 1% 2% ( ) + 10% 20% + 03% 05 % ADSN + 05% 4 ( g/ cm 3 ) FV ( s ) FL ( ml ) K ( mm ) 4 AV ( m Pas) PV ( m Pas) 101 103 40 50 < 5 05 1525 15 20 58 2 3/ 47 859 5 Y P ( Pa) G ( Pa) ph K F ( ) : a,, b,, 208

, c24h d e,, 101103g/ cm 3 f ( ),,,,,,, 6 6 ( ),,,,,,,,, 1MPa 209

G1137G1063 GD1179 ( ) G1137 G1137 1997 4 9 1400, 4 15 700, 33503705m 245m, 7692h, 3285m/ h: : 80100kN : 1415M Pa : 113M Pa : : 101103g/ cm 3 : 4555s : 5mL,,,,, 038g/ cm 3, 8h,, 36h,,,,,, : G + 2% DS5 + 06% SXY+ 2% EP + 012% S T200R + 44 % ; 189, 067, K = 078, 310min, 24h 132MPa 4 27 500 200, 2135,, 163g/ cm 3, 134,, ( ) G1063 G1063 5 7 1000, 5 10 1500, 31073207m, 100m, 038g/ cm 3,,, G1063,, 206m ( ), 5 17, 5 25 340 320734166m ( 34104m ), 3382m,,,, G1063 G1137 ( ) GD1179 GD1179 8 11 20 30, 8 30 12 30 3414m3875m 461m, 16125h, 285m/ h: 210 : 100120 kn

: 1318M Pa : 60r/ min : 11105g/ cm 3 : 4250s : 5mL : ( 20% ),,, 35m, 9 21, 160t,,,,,,,,,,,,, G1137G1063 GD1179, :,,,,,, 76%, 21%, 3 %,,,,,,, 211

(, : 457001), 21 8,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 95%,,,,,,,, ( ), ( ),,,,,, ( ),,,,, 003005, ( ),, 212

( ),,,,,,,,,, 310m,,, ( ) ( ), : ; ; ( 100m ) ; ; ; ( ) 21 1524mm,, 10%,,,,,,?, 21,,, ( ) 1,,, 3912m, 128 2159mm 3905m, 390333m, 2 21,, 213

122g/ cm 3, 085M Pa, 235MPa 3 : + + + (, ) + + : + + 80m ( ) + + +, Williams Tool Company 7000, 21MPa, 14MPa 1 4 1,, 900m, : 1493mm BDC + 1208mm + 1208mm + 1208mm 12 + 889mm + 889mm + 1208mm + 889mm + 1208mm + 889mm 214

70MPa,, 5, M941,, 6,, 7 150mm ( ), : 4060kN, 7080r/ min, 13L/ s, 19MPa, 122g/ cm 3,,, 3931m,,, 3931m,,, 122g/ cm 3 133 135g/ cm 3, ( 41104200m) 165 (,,,,,, 4190m,, ), 4112m,,, 133g/ cm 3 110113g/ cm 3, 1 #, 133g/ cm 3, 10min, 133g/ cm 3, 417244m,, 11m 3,,, 133g/ cm 3,,, 417374m,, 110113g/ cm 3,,,,, 4190m, (),,, ( ),,,, 025m 3 / h, 800m,,,, 150-290 700m 3,,,,, 215

, 21, ( ), ( 41104200m),,,, 399921m,,,,,,,,, 8 10,,,,,, 10,,,, 10,,,,,,,, 8,,, ( ) 1 : 1000m; : 220mm 2 : 215mm + + 158mm 6 + 127mm + + 100m + ; : 97180m; : 97150m; : 3 : 22L/ s; ( ) : 255L/ s 444L/ s; : 65MPa 75MPa 4, 22L/ s 30min, 1000M Pa, 1029 1 # 255L/ s,, 48min, 216

, 880MPa, 0906,,,,, 30min 87M Pa, 0895, 444L/ s, 56min, 881MPa, 0906,,,, 8,,,, 8 ( ) 8 2445mm 238350m,,, 1778mm 238125m,,, 1 (1 ) 35M Pa, 2; (2 ) 25MPa10m 3 / min ; 2 150mmBDC + 114mm 18 + 889mm + 114mm + 889mm 1 + 114mm + + 114mm + 889mm 3 : 12L/ s ( ) : 15L/ s ( ) : 125% : : 4060 kn : 65r/ min : 11 M Pa 4, 150mm,,,,,,,,,, 12L/ s,, 1 #,,, 10m 3 / min,,,, :,,,, 217

218

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 238350m, 248000m, 5 238350m, 248000m,,, 123m 3, 2, 333704m,,,, 238350248000m 096m/ h, 027m/ h,, 10, 091, 21 8 :,, 21 8,,,,,,, 1524mm,, 219

[1 ], 1996 (6 ) [2 ], 1997 (1 ) [3 ], 1997 (6 ) 220

4 (, : 841000) 1997 36,, 4, 58066m 1016mm 5973m 4 196km,,, 4 4, 2159mm 5700m, 1995 7 15,, ( ),,,, ( 1 ),, 1 4 221

, 1270mm 1048mm 1270mm 5800m, 1048mm 58066m, 180g/ cm 3 115g/ cm 3, 1270mm 5144m, 1048mm, 125g/ cm 3 1016mm, ( ) 603mm,,,, : 1016mm + 794mm ( ) ) 1270mm + 603mm ( 1200m ) + 999mm ( + 889mm ( 2100m) +,,, 9746Nm, 603mm 15229Nm,, 1 1 : 5800 m : : 1016 mm : 125g/ cm 3 : 2581 mm 2 : 794 mmm1x L : 953 mm : 20M Pa : 0502 051 : 99m Pas : 67Pa : 4 : ( mm ) ( kg/ m ) ( mm ) ( m ) ( mm ) ( m ) 1270 mmdp 127 3363 10862 2556 2445mm 2205 2900 889 mm DP 889 2439 661 2150 1778mm 1571 2000 603 mm DP 6033 1002 4611 1032 1270mm 1086 899 889 mm DC 8890 3621 45 18 1016 1 889 mm DC 8890 3621 45 27 166 ( L/ min) 530 520 510 500 490 480 470 460 450 222

( 10 5 Pa) 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 ( 10 5 Pa) 352 339 326 313 301 289 277 265 254 ( 10 5 Pa) 195 191 187 183 179 176 172 168 164 ( m/ s ) 34 34 33 32 32 31 30 30 29 ( kn ) 466 449 432 415 398 382 367 351 336 ( W/ mm 2 ) 077 072 068 064 061 057 054 050 047 1897 1644 1460 1319 1206 1112 1032 963 903 ( 10 5 Pa) 13 17 20 24 28 31 35 38 41 ( 10 5 Pa) 651 853 102 120 138 156 173 190 207 ( m/ s ) 47 53 58 63 68 72 76 80 83 ( kn ) 634 705 763 812 853 888 917 941 961 ( W/ mm 2 ) 142 179 213 247 278 307 334 360 384 ( 10 5 Pa) ( 10 5 Pa) 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 ( 10 5 Pa) 782 761 741 720 700 681 661 642 622 ( 10 5 Pa) 24 23 22 22 21 20 20 19 19 ( 10 5 Pa) 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 ( 10 5 Pa) 263 254 244 234 225 216 207 198 190 ( 10 5 Pa) 376 371 366 360 355 350 345 340 335 ( 10 5 Pa) 187 183 179 176 172 169 165 162 159 ( m/ s ) ( m/ s) 998 979 960 941 922 903 885 866 847 ( m/ s) 2698 2648 2597 2546 2495 24464 2393 2342 2291 ( m/ s) 166 163 159 156 153 150 147 144 141 ( m/ s) 2698 2648 2597 2495 2444 2393 2342 2291 ( ) :, 125g/ cm 3 ;, 20MPa; 2445mm1778mm1270mm,,,,,, ( 2 )PV YP,, (1 ),, PV YP,,, ( ) 1016mm 58066m, 59733m, 12 (2 ), 173m, 223

, 2 ( m ) ( hmin ) ( m) ( m/ h) ( L/ min) ( MPa) ( ) 1 M1XL 58066 58205 2012 139 069 480530 14 953 mm ( S248 G8 ) 2 M1XL 58205 584187 3712 2137 057 480500 1214 ( S225G8) 3 5841875848 3650 613 017 600 1820 ( S225G8 ) 4 M1XL 5848 58774 4650 294 071 480500 1517 ( S248G8) 5 M1XL 58774 58967 3136 193 061 450500 1520 794 mm, ( S248G8 ) 6 M1XL 58967 59058 2524 91 036 495 16 ( S225G8) 7 ADM 590585918 2206 122 055 480 14 165 ( D24GB) 8 ADM 5918 59235 1624 55 034 460 152 ( D24G8) 9 M1XL 59235 59374 3754 1387 037 476 14 794 mm, ( S48G8) 10 M1XL 59374 59498 3148 124 039 480 153 16 ( S248G8) 11 M1XL 59498 59618 2642 12 045 480 1618 ( D24G8) 12 M1XL 596185973 3012 112 037 480 17 ( S248G8) ( ) : (), 5 6 1, 051m/ h;, 0166m/ h, M1XL,,,,,, 1016mm 95100mm,, 0 480L/ min 20kN,,,,,,, 1,,, 0, ( ),, ;,, 224

,, ( ), MI KCL HT PolymerKlagard,, ( 3 ), XCDX - CIDE207 KLAGARD,, PV YP, 3 4 : 125g/ cm 3 : 40 s P V: 10m Pas Y P: 8Pa CEL : 25/ 4pa AP I FL/ cake : 38 ml/ 05mm VS : 9 % O/ W ( % ) : 2/ 85 CS: 01 % MBT : 11g/ L ph: 85 PM : 04mL C1 - : 59500 mg/ L Ca 2 + : 150mg/ L, 480 500L/ min, 889mm 2445mm,, 024m/ s, 34m 3 115g/ cm 3 200s, ( 7Pa 95Pa 12Pa),,, 120,,, : 608h30min, 297h: ; XCIDE207, ; XCD, ( ), :, 3 2,, ;, 150mm 85mm,, ;, 480L/ min,,,, : 6t, 5t, 3t, 2t, 23t,,,, 225

1016mm, :,,,,,, ( ),, 4 :,,,,,,, 4 5800m 1016mm,, 1270mm 226

(, : 065007),,,, 1 2445mm,,,, :,,,,, 40005000m, 10001500m 200m, 500800m, 12001500m, 1993,, ( ), 25M Pa,,,, 21, 100%, 3555m, 4750m, 1080m (1270mm ), 100%,,,,,, 1 2445mm, 3397mm,,,,,,, 227

( ),,, :, 065 010024, 35,,,,, NSCCNK3SBFOX ( ) MTC,,, : MTC,, 31, 31g/ cm 3,, 1 API,, G ( ), :,,,,, 1,,, 100%,,,, :, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 228

,, ( 1 ), : ; ; ; ; ; ;, 1 1996 ( mm ) ( m ) ( mm ) ( m ) ( mm ) 3112 42750 2445 47225 319405, 2159 53293 1778 3275 455848,, 2159 51419 1778 51392 455074,, 3112 43710 2445 434541 2159 59000 1778 589879 420324 540000,,,,,, 2159 41625 1778 404831 269741 143859 2159 37970 1778 377435,,, 2413 373798 1778 4445 3397 179699 80370,,,, 2159 42867 1778 428468,, 2159 37400 1778 373765 121205 2413 34500 1778 344794 2413 39070 1778 390375 99985,,,,,,,, :,,, ( 2) :,,,,, 3970m, 229

285g/ cm 3 1778mm,,,,, ; 1270mm 1778mm,,,,,, 2 ; ; ; ;,,,,, ;,,, 24g/ cm 3,,,,, 520L/ s,,,,, 6406m, 238g/ cm 3, 4800m, 1606m2127mm 1778mm, 5606m, 6131m, 230,, 8MPa, 1778mm, 1270mm,,, 228230g/ cm 3,,, ( ),,,,, 230

,, 3 3 ( mm) ( mm) ( mm ) ( mm ) ( L/ m ) 6604 5080 762 635 4445 4064 524 397 3112 2731 191 64 175 2413 1937 238 127 163 1651 1270 191 119 874,, 1112m/ s,, ( ),, MTC,,, ( ),,,, 50% 70 %,, 24g/ cm 3 180 ( ) 1,,,,, 2,,,, 3,,, 4,, 5,, 6,,,, 231

,,, ( ),,,,, ( ),,, 1 2445mm,, CBL 1 2445mm 1 34927m, 1687m, 2445mm 34902m, 170002m, 209g/ cm 3, 1074%, 2700m,, :, ; ; 1 2445mm,,,, ( 45) 4 PV = 33 mpas, 53 YP = 13 Pa U 4min 80m 3 38M Pa 052 m/ s, 5 min, 839 %, 964 % 5 GF P,, 2772 m2786 m 196g/ cm 3 206g/ cm 3 GF P 203 684, 3M Pa, G FP 115 194, 30M Pa, 3M Pa 232

, 1 2445mm (6 ),,, 839% 964 % 80m 3, 6 1 2445mm CBL ( m ) ( m ) ( % ) 0 1400 1400 0 14002800 1400 20 30 28003175 375 80 90 31753490 315 10 20, 2016 12M Pa, 30min 233

(, : 710065 ), API, :, :,,,,,,,,,, 1994 10 ( 6481mm) 1778mm V150, 1997 1 3, 1 6390m,,,,,, ( ) 1API API AP I SPEC 5CT, 4 17 15, API,,, API,,, API,, API 60% 80%,, API, API 2,, AP I 86%, 10 10 19771986, 20% 50%,, : 234

; ; ; ; ; ;, ; ; ; ; 1995,, 20%, 50%, 1 1 ( % ) ( ) ( % ) ( ) ( % ) ( ) ( % ) ( ) 149 450 18 86 20 96 22 105 171 663 23 89 49 190 15 58,,,,, ( 6560m), 2mm,, 1995 1996, ( ) 2 1995 1996 85, 72 %, 2 1995 1996 85 : ( BHA ) 5 0 0 0 5 0 0 51 5 56 0 0 8 0 8 0 12 0 0 12 4 0 0 0 4 9 12 59 5 85 235

,, 60%,,,, AP I,, API API, AP I API ( ) 17 API, AP I, 75 API, SM 5 23, SM, 4 33, 125Ksi, API V150,, Q125, SM125G150G, NKK NK125 150, NT95DS150DS,,,,,,,, ( ), API,,,, 1 API : API 30% 40%,, 05%, 10%,,,,, AP I,, ( ),, SMTTNKK NTKSDHC 236,

( ) 1 API : API, 100, : API 0152mm,,, ( 2 ),,,,,,, ( 3) ;,, VAMNSCCTMN K3SB,, - 15 30, - 104510 FOX (4 ), API,,, (3 ),,,, 237

2 API 3,, 3, 5 6 TM NSCC 238

4 FOX 3 ( ) Siderca ( ) Tamsa ( ) SEC, AN T AR ES, PJD, FL4S, STL, T C, M JO, Seal Lock HC, Seal Lock BOss T KC4040 SEC, AN T ARES, P JD, FL4S, STL, TC, N JO, Seal Lock HC, Seal Lock BOSS T KC4040 Dalmin e ( ) SEC, AN T AR ES, PJD Ma nn esmann ( ) BDS, T DS H PC, MUST, MID OM E GA, BIG OM E GA, MAT ( ) Vallaurec ( ) ( ) VAM, N EWVAM, VAMACE, T M, T MS W, VAM HW, VAMACE XS, VAMF JL VAMSL VAM, N EWV AM, VAMAC E, T M, VAMH W, VAMACE SC, VAM FJL VAM SL FOX NK K ( ) NK3SB, NK2SC, NK EL, NK FJ1, NKF J2, NK SL ( ) NSCC, NSC T, NS1 T, BDS, TDS, NSR1BT Hydril ( ) SE ALL OCK, A95, PH, T C, MAC, TY PE ( ), 100 % 9 % 25% 25%,, ( ), J55N80,, 239

5 TM,,, 240

( ) 1,,, 2 34MPa, 3,,, 4,,, 6 NSCC,, 5, ( ),, ( ) 1,,,,, ( FAT T),,, API 54J ( 3/ 4 ) API SPEC 5D ( 1992 ), 54J,,,,, SHELL 80J, 7,,, 241

54 J, 100J,,,,, 7 G105 2 (1 ),,,,,,, 100mm, 300mm, API,,,, (2 ) 18,,,,,, 18 (3 ) GRANT MANESMAN, ( 8) 40 % 60 % 1,,,,, 242

H2 S 8 (4 ),,, AP I NC, API, API NC, (5 ),,,,,, (6 ), API SPEC 7, ( 9 ),,,,, 9 AP I (7 ) 2286mm,,,,, API SP EC 7 38 (1994 ) 2191mm 10 10 API 243

, 10, 3,, 12, 4,,,,,,,,,,, 5,,,, 10m,,,,, ( ) 1 70%, :,,,,, 2,, (11 ),,,,,,,,,, API,,, AP I,,,,,, 3 244 ( 2032 ),

11, ( ), ;,,,,,, 3555 4 10, :, ;,,,,,, ;, 5,,,, ( BHA), 6 ph, 3mg/ L,, ph 10 10,, API RP 7G 15 ( 1995 ),, 034kPa ph 10,, 245

,,,,, 7, ; ;, :,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, AP I RP 7G, : 1200h ;, 450hBADale,,, 370h, 2800h,,,,,, 60007000m, 180, 10 8 Pa,, H2 S CO2 : ( BHA ) 300h, 20 600h, 1500h,,, ;,,, 8,, AP I, :,, :,,,, 246

, [1 ], 1997 (1 ) : 18 [2 ],, 1993 (1 ) : 512 [4],, 1997 ( 1 ) : 5052 [5 ] API Specification 5DSpecification for Drill PipeThird Edition, August 1, 1992 [6 ] K. E. Szklarz. Fracture Toughness Criteria for High - Strength Drill Pipe1990 IADC/ SPE Drilling Conference, February 27March 2, 1990, Texas, 441446 [7 ] API Specification 7Specification for Rotary Drill Stem ElementsThirty - Eighth Edition, April 1, 1994 [8 ] A. BaryshnikovA New Approach to the Analysis of Drill String Fatigue BehaviourSPE Anuual Conference, October, 1995, Dallas, 2225 [9 ] Kirk, W. L. Deep Drilling Practice in MissippiJ. Pet. Tech., June, 1972, 632 [10] APL RP 7GDrill Stem Design and Operating LimitsFifty Edition, 1995 [11] B. A. DaleInspection Interval Guideline to Reduce Drillstring Failures1988 IADC/ SPE Drilling Conference, February 28March 2, 1988, Texas, 263275 [12] A. BaryshnikovOptimization of Rotary Shoulered Connection Reliability1994 IADC/ SPE Drilling Conference, 1518 February 1994, Dallas, 935942 247

(, : 642159) (, : 400021 ) : H 2 S,,,,,,,,,, 40006000m,, 90%, 4500m,,, T1 j 2 3 00107MPa/ m, ; T1 j 2 3, 0015 002MPa/ m, 00245M Pa/ m, 340 2445 178127 ()340mm T1 s 2 ; 2445mm T1 j 2 3, ; 178mm,, :, 0508,, ;, 5, 20,, 00106 0015MPa/ m; 001700245M Pa/ s, 002000235MPa/ m, 00245MPa/ m; 0011500125MPa/ m 6, 2445mm T1 j 3 2, 3112mm 2500 3500m, 3818m, 1778mm, 2159mm 20002500m, 1524mm 1231m,, 10010 4 m 3 / d 25 775 10 4 m 3 / d; 520g/ m 3, 195g/ m 3, T1 j 5 1 200g/ m 3, 493g/ m 3 248

,,, 215mm 1778mm 1027mm; 1524mm 127mm 555mm;,,,, 100,, 1/ (4055mm ), 160;,,,, :,,,,, ;,, : 340mm 27795m, 278t, 420t; 6 2445mm 387750m, 255t,,,, 23m,,,,, ;,,,, H2 S 60MPa, 4050MPaH2 S,,,,,,,,,, :, ; ; ;, 249

, : a ; ; c, ; b d,,,,, 001g/ cm 3, ( ),,, :,, 50m 3 / h,, ;,,,,,,,,, 11 1 6,, 100150m,,, H1 = p +p 9810-3 s V2 = ( H - H1 ) q2 k2 p, MPa; s, g/ cm 3 ; p, 115MPa; H1, m; H, m; q2, m 3 / m; k2, k2 = 11115; 250

V2, m 3, 100m,,,, 100150m,, ;, 100150m,,,,,,, :, g/ cm 3 ; 1, g/ cm 3 ; 2, g/ cm 3 ; H1, m; H2, m = 1 H1 - H1 - H2, ;,,,, 2 H2 : a.,,, ; b., U, ; c.,,,,,,,,,,,, : = + 115 h > 22cm < 2% < 300mL/ (70MPa30min) ( 90) 24 h > 10M Pa ( ) 1 :,,, 251

,,,,, ;,,, 150200m,,, 2 0019MPa/ m, : ( 445 g/ cm 3 ) ( 42g/ cm 3 ), 245g/ cm 3,,, 230g/ cm 3 230g/ cm 3,,, 024,,,,,,, : ( 08085) ;, : +, 70MPa, 30min90, < 14%, 0 ( 115 ) h 150mL/ 100, 1, 24h 14M Pa 3,, : a. KQ SE P,, KQ, ; 02% 04%,,, b., < 20min ( 40BC 100BC ),, 1c., H2 S,,,,,, SY5322 88,,,,, ;,,,, 252 : 101125 08510 (40% )

: 18185 () : 125135 ( ), 00231MPa/ m ( 2 ),, 6 ( 1) 2 1 6 SM VAM SM T M N K2SC NK3SB KOFOX NSCC 3 10 3 10 0 0 0 45 3 10 3 10,,,,,, 6 SCC, 253

33% 50%,,, H2 S 1% H2 S, 05% 15% 049%, H2 S 93, 510 SD4150,,, : 2445m 1778m, 224M Pa 35MPa,, 4, 200250m,, ;,,,,, 10% ;,,,,,,,,,, 115h : p= p- p- p( ) + p p, MPa ; p, MPa ( ) ; p, MPa ; p, MPa ( ) ; p, 23M Pa 5,,,, ( ), SY5334,, P 1 2,, 1015 1778mm, 1M Pa,,,, 30m ; 13, 40m ; 4,, AP I 254

6, 2445mm 1778mm,,,, ;,,,, 1991,, 1996 103, : ; ; : 2445mm1778mm,,,,, :,, ( ), 19911996 626%,,, ; :, ;, ; ;,, ; 1, 1778mm 328128m, 146t (71)3 : ; ; : ( 3) :,, 178mm, 14505kN, 33mm, 8mm1442kN,, 1450 kn, 1498kN, 08mm, 75mm; 1960kN, 21mm, 3mm,,,,,,,,, 15MPa,,,,, 255

3 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15 ; 16 ; 17 256,,,, 115MPa,,, 12m 3,,,,, : SD27, SN2, H1 SD27 80150, SD32 SD10 135, : 110: ZW1 + RC800 + SXY2 + SE P SN2 + SY7 + SXY + SEP SD10 + H1 ( HEDP ) + SD52 + SEP 130230g/ cm 3 90 135: SD10 + H1 ( ) + SD27 + SD52 + SEP 2 130245g/ cm 3,,,,,,, :,,,,,, 21 14 1 1778mm, 68, 3 1270mm, 200 500m, 210t,, :,, 59 61 1270mm

( ),, ;,,, ( 2 ), 2 ( g/ cm 3 ) ( min) ( % ) [ ml/ ( 70M Pa30min) ] G + HR13 L10 % + 10 L 1 030 228 15 % + 2L 15 % + 266 23 100 ( 11 ) CDF901 01 % G + HR13 L10 % + 10 L 2 030 230 15 % + 2L 15 % + 205 20 76 ( 11 ) CDF901 01 % G + HR13 L10 % + 10 L 3 029 231 15 % + 2L 15 % + 164 20 50 ( 11 ) CDF901 01 % G + HR13 L10 % + 10 L 4 029 232 15 % + 2L 15 % + 138 15 36 ( 11 ) CDF901 01 % G + HR13 L10 % + 10 L 5 028 233 15 % + 2L 15 % + 98 0 30 ( 11 ) CDF901 01 %,,,,,,, 200t, 240t, 70% 92%,,,,,,,, 92%,,, ( ) 1778mm : 2159mm, 120g/ cm 3 4131m, 507160m 7 23, 353t, T2 l 3 3605 3712m, T1 j 3 4130 4153m, T1 f 1 4311 3450m, T1 f 1 p2 ch4486 4487mm, p214600 4800m3700m 165g/ cm 3 126g/ cm 3 4475 4521m, 139g/ cm 3 5010 50716m, 4600 4680m 49757m 4140m, 257

122g/ cm 3 :, 32005020m ;, 32004600m 135g/ cm 3, ; 46005020m 184g/ cm 3,, 3 3 1778mm (151, 120) G : SEP G : SD27SD10 H1SD52 KCl SD27SD10 H1SD52 KCl 052 044 (g/ cm 3 ) 135 184 (cm ) 25 29 [ ml/ ( 70 MPa30 min ) ] 65 120 ( % ) 05 03 ( min) 350 308 24h ( MPa) 16 318 N/ K 092/ 01,, SY532288, 00231MPa/ m,, 40s : 185MPa, ; ( ) 1 2445mm : 1,, 5700mm, 3112mm T1 j 2 3, 4132m, 340mm 31835m, 3112mm 381365m,, J2 s 1 J1 z 4 12641358m, 14981508m, 20402042m, 21802186m, 115120g/ cm 3, 15m 3 / h,, 126g/ cm 3, T1 j 4 4 37353903m :, 2445mm, 2700m, 9001000m,, 191g/ cm 3 60t, 189g/ cm 3 25t, 258,,

100200m, 185g/ cm 3 100t 1400m, 1400 2700m, 185g/ cm 3 D 70t : 25MPa,, ( ) 16 2445mm : 16, 260min,, 5100m, 3112mm T1 j 2 3 351800m, 340mm 18929m, 3112mm 332871m : 134g/ cm 3 289808m,,,, 120g/ cm 3 112g/ cm 3 290110290320m,, 4,, 56m 3 / h; 292880m,, 110g/ cm 3 109g/ cm 3 292900m, 2548m 3 / h, 293447m, 2, 12, 110120g/ cm 3, 3518m 2445mm,, 28922929m,, : 2700m, 2700m 140g/ cm 3,, 76t, 125145g/ cm 3 ; 45t, 133152g/ cm 3 ; G 8t, 182g/ cm 3 :, 25MPa, ; ( ) 2 1778mm : 2159mm 175g/ cm 3 44185m, P 3 1 m, 2064610 4 m 3 / d, 210230g/ cm 3 442308m, 2, 16t, 205g/ cm 3, 210g/ cm 3, 200g/ cm 3, 205 208g/ cm 3 4520m, P 1 3 m 1778mm, 45195m : 186g/ cm 3 D 10t, 44204520mm,, G 20t, 190 g/ cm 3, 70min, [D : ( 11) ] 62t204g/ cm 3, 80MPa 120MPa, 65MPa 259

NKK110, 3SB :, ;, 62M Pa, ;,, 1035910 4 m 3 / d, 60MPa [1 ].., 1995, 15 (2 ) [2 ].., 1996, 13 (6 ) [3 ].., 1997, 17 (3 ) 260

(, : 163003),,,,,,,,, ;, ; ;,,,,,,,, 80, ( ) : 04m,,, 10002000m,,,,,,,, ( 1) 1 19911996 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1727 2220 1882 2640 2134 2606 1164 1871 1669 2479 2018 2463 ( % ) 670 843 887 939 9456 9451 33 37 24 31 44 22 11 30 16 25 36 18 ( % ) 333 811 666 806 818 818 ( m ) 1772 1225 1306 1261 1408 1510 261

, ( ) 1 12m, 48mm, 124mm, 76mm 2159mm 1397mm,,,, 2 2m,, (60mm40mm),,,,, 35r/ min ( ) 1,,, 2 2 ( % ) ( m/ s) ( % ) 33 12 3 40 12 5 50 12 36, 40%, ; 50 %,, 1 3,, 36 % 2,, 05m, 07MPa, 16h, 9mm ( ),, 12m/ s, 3 : 12%,,,, ; 15%,,, 262

3 ( % ) ( m/ s) 0 12 5 mm 8 12 5 mm 10 11 6 mm 12 12 8 mm 15 12 20 % 3 30%,,,,,,,,, v, 1, v, 1 vv, :, v v,, 35r/ min, v v5 :, S0 - S, RF T, 20,, 100%,,, ( ), 1 7M Pa 35M Pa 35MPa, 2,,, 263

2,,,,,,,,, 2,, (4 ) 4 ( min) 10 60 120 200 ( ml/ min ) 33 09 022 011 (m 2 ) 20710-3 75510-4 13810-4 6910-5,,,, 3 7MPa, 35 5 63MPa, 35 2 07MPa, 5 5 ( min) ( MPa) ( M Pa) ( MPa) 10 60 120 200 7 35 35 33 09 022 011 7 5 2 57 168 037 021 7 63 07 263 87 31 12 5,,,,,, ( ), : ( pc ) ( pf ) ( pw ), : pc + pf > pw,, pc ;, pf,, 10m,,, 3 264

1,, K 2,, 2, K KK,, pf,, K,, K, K 3 K, t K, K K : pc K + pfk > pw, pf K = 0, : pck > pwpc w/ pw > 1pcw pw PSFPSF > 1, PSF, ( ) : PSF = p c K pw = cg Lc + m g Lm + sg Ls pw - 2 ( K + A ) pw ( D - d) Lc c m slc Lm Ls, kg/ m 3 m; 4 g, 9. 8m/ s 2 ; D, m; d, m; 4, 6,, K, Pa; A, KK, Pa e K, K tk K A 6 A t K, K ( ) t K ( min) K ( Pa) 35 368e 00343 t = 245 t - 2830 127 282 45 257 e 0051 t = 38 t - 3170 90 250 55 3105 e 0065 t = 465 t - 2685 61 183 265

( ) RF T, 19,, 7 5 7 ( m ) p w ( M Pa) ( m ) p h ( Mpa) p ck ( M Pa) PSF ( % ) 146403 7806 S 1 1196 4997 1406 1104 092 20 16844 939 S 2 1384 6515 1599 1384 10 0 168483 677 S 0 1327 4269 1206 868 065 65 16749 689 S 0 1229 6198 1230 1126 092 10 176483 857 S 0 1408 2987 1211 824 059 90 18450 769 S 1 1389 644 1355 1217 088 45 19356 790 S 2 1339 5985 130 1098 082 65 19557 7327 S 0 1289 6365 1254 112 087 20 1 5 028 731 S 1 1288 472 1328 1004 078 60 1 J6 117 1018 S 2 1520 498 1789 1613 106 0 2 3 28 717 S 1 1561 5202 1418 1162 074 100 3 J4 129 755 S 0 1577 4245 1471 1103 070 60 1 J2437 998 S 2 1513 8232 1689 1558 103 0 8 2533 968 S 3 1489 6460 170 1475 099 0 7 2051 1044 S 2 1499 6670 1802 1540 103 3 3 30 624 8618 S 1 1375 7325 1506 1380 101 0 3 30 624 9130 S 2 1327 7325 1601 1438 1087 0 3 30 624 9378 S 2 1519 7325 1648 1474 097 15 3 30 624 9899 P 1 1588 7325 1761 1575 099 0 5,, 1 1 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 266

( ) ( ) ( ),, 8, 6 8 8 1 2 3 4 7 ( MPa) 41 233 252 310 328 362 ( M Pa) 136 209 250 282 30 316 ( M Pa) 168 29 246 217 172 187 / ( % ) 33 16 99 91 91 87 / ( % ) 41 12 976 7 524 516 / ( % ) 124 138 098 077 057 052 :,,,, 1, 8 1, 6, ( ), 1,,,,,, A 7, 7,, 1, 2,,, 9 267

9 0 002 010 030 130 230 330 430 530 29 32 315 30 31 36 41 468 56 630 730 830 930 1030 1230 1430 1730 2130 60 69 68 665 65 615 585 555 520 2400 2900 3300 3700 4100 5700 505 490 485 480 470 460 9,,,, 1h 30min,, ; 7h 30min,,,,,, 3, 10 10 ( s ) ( MPa) 250 32 034 45 003 239 35 017 10,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, 1 268 11 11 ( s) ( MPa) 250 730 30 034 35 277

11,, 3, 8,,,, 2, 619 522 (8 ),, 1992, 263, 9544%, 8,,, ( 12 ) 12 ( m ) ( ) ( ) ( t ) ( m ) ( % ) 51 110333 Pi 4 1990723 1990823 17 3 15 381 114118 4 4 Pi 4 1990619 1990828 8 17 68 373 4 4 101873 S 3 1990724 1990828 13 7 35 391 104973 4 4 199066 1990822 10 10 50 383 S 3 80, 32, 50 %60 %,,,,, ( ),,,, 1,, 269

,,, 2, 1397mm, 30 40mm, 260280mm, 20M Pa, 4, 80mm, 90 ( ) A,, 14MPa,, 200mm,,, 0, :,,,,,,,, 1521mm;, 2536mm,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), :,, 13 13 ( G Pa) ( 10-1 J/ cm 3 ) ( MPa 1/ 2 ) ( M Pa) ( M Pa) 1 + sxy02 % 1972 137 0087 227 20 2 1 # 4 % + sxy20 % 1867 201 0378 3 1 # 5 % + sxy25 % 1726 202 0509 22 60 4 2 # 03 % + sxy05 % 2126 172 0342 5 2 # 07 % + sxy05 % 1902 154 0371 318 136 6 2 # 12 % + sxy05 % 2339 160 0364 270

( G Pa) ( 10-1 J/ cm 3 ) ( MPa 1/ 2 ) ( M Pa) ( M Pa) 7 2 # 03 % + 20 % + sxy05 % 1396 214 0474 8 2 # 07 % + 5 % + sxy05 % 1474 213 0414 9 2 # 10 % + 20 % + sxy05 % 1038 230 0574 418 124 10 2 # 12 % + 20 % + sxy05 % 1010 221 0554, 5 # 136M Pa, A ( 14M Pa), :,,, DSF GSN DTC DSK, OMH, ( ) 1DSF SAPP DSF,,, DSF,, DSF, 2SAPP SAPP,, SAPP Na + P2 O - 4 4,,, SAPP, Cl + Mg +,,,, 3DMH DMN,,,, 271

,,, ( ), GNS DTC DSK DSK,, 14 1DSK DSK, 14 DSK ( min) ( 45 ) 8h ( MPa) 3d ( M Pa) ( 60 min) (m 2 ) A 90 250 220/ 030 72 115 114 435 10-3 DSK 34 144 110/ 020 139 133 221 0015 10-3 14, DSK A : DSK, 8h 19 DSK, 34min, A 90minDSK DSK,,, DSK,,, 3d A 19,, DSK, 60min 03% 9 9 DSK 7MPa, 63MPa, 07M Pa 80min, A, DSK, DSK 1993, 1997 23 6 13 1,, 1997 9546% 2 DLS, 272

DLS,,,,, 015m, Ca (OH)2,,, DLS,, DLS, K,, DLS 15 15 DLS ( % ) ( W/ C) (g/ cm 3 ) ( cm ) ( g/ cm 3 ) (83 ) ( hmin) AI P ( 63 ( 63 359 MPa) 70 MPa) ( min ) ( ml ) ( MPa) 27 83 s ( Pa) K ( Pa s n ) 1054 06 155 0035 245 1520 69 147 306 21 075 150 001 285 423/ 027 152 110 806 184 21 070 156 001 300 439/ 022 144 94 1104 214 21 065 160 001 292 353/ 019 147 50 1305 203 21 060 165 001 286 419/ 024 136 54 131 218 818 273

(, : 124011),, CBL,,,,, 1993, 1996, 29,,,,,,, 60, 70, CBLVDL, 80 CET ( PET ) SBT, CETSBT,, CBL,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, ( ),, A0, A A0, I = A/ A0, I < 20 %, ; I = 20% 30 %, ; I > 30%, : AMP, ( G G ) AMP,,, ; 274

;,,,,,, 1993,, 1996, 29, CBL 5700SBT,,, ( ) 1992, 1740m 2 22m, 7 1m16m, 20t, 17m, 6, : 3 ( 1397mm 2 1778mm 1 ) ; 1 ( 1397mm 2445mm ) ; 1 ( 1270mm 1778mm ) ; 1 ( 1270mm1397mm 1778mm ) ( ) 6, ( ) ( ) ; CBL PETSBT :,,, : G,, G ; : 044, 050, 056, 066 ; : 17mm25mm31mm42mm51mm77mm, CBLPET SBT, 2254590180270360, CBL PET, 4 1397mm 1778mm 1397mm 2445mm 1270mm 1778mm, ( 772mm805mm ),,,, 275

,,, ( ) 1 1994 ( ),,,, G,,,,,,,,, 2 28, 3t, 56 25m 80cm, 5, 15m, 56, 25m,,,,,, ( 1),,,,,,,, CBL, 5700 SBT, ( 2) ( ) 1 11, 1778mm, 6, 6, 08m25m, 155m, 25mm51mm77mm, G 2 G, 2551mm CBL SBT 51mm, G, 77mm,, 276

1 277

278 2 ( )

( ) 2 12, 1397mm 6, 6, 155m, 25mm51mm, G 2 G 51mm,, 25mm, 51mm,,, ( ) 3 13, 1270mm1778mm, 5, 6, 155m127m, 31mm, G, 180 2 31mm,,,, G 31mm, 100%, 50% (), ( ) 4 14, 1397mm2445mm, 5, 6, 155m 15m, 44mm, G, 270360 2 2254590180,, G, 42mm, 6 (125m), 0% ( 360 ) 25% ( 270 ), CBL, 50%, 75%, SBT (180 ), CBL, ( 90 )875% ( 45 ) 937 % ( 225 ),, SBT 50% 75% 875%, 935 % ( 225 ),, G, 42mm,, ( ) 5 15, 1397mm, 6, 6, 279

155m, 51mm, G G, 04m) 2 ( 01m02m03m, G, 45mm, 5, CBL,, SBT,, G, 51mm,,,, G, 51mm,, CBL,, SBT, CBL ( ) ( CBL ), 29,,,,,, ( G G ) AM P, ;, SBT,,, ( ) :,,, G G :,, ( ), :,,,, ;,, ( ),, ( ),,,,,,, 280

,,,,, 1997 12,,,, :,,,,,,,, : ; ; ; G ; ; ;,,,,,,, 281

(, : 300451 ),, G60G60S, G64H88 H98, GRO, 190,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, : 2545h, 46h,,,,, 282

, 100mL, 30mL,,,,,, ( ), : G60 G60S, ; GRO, ; G64 H88H98, H88H98 ; 35% 40%, ;,, 2025g/ cm 3 310g/ cm 3 ( ),, G 1 G60 ( G60S ), 2 1 1 G60 ( ) ( ) BHCT ( ) BHST ( ) G601 G602 G603 H98S A1 130 160 100 35 560 770 007 005 050 A2 140 175 100 35 560 800 008 005 072 A3 150 185 100 35 560 830 009 005 095 A4 160 200 100 35 560 860 010 005 120 A5 170 210 100 35 560 910 012 005 155 A6 180 225 100 35 560 1030 015 005 240 2 1 (g/ cm 3 ) BHCT ( min) AP I ( ml ) 48h ( M Pa) BHCT BHST 93 ( ml ) (cm) (93 ) 300/ 200/ 100/ 6/ 3 A1 189 315 280 129 255 20 250 58/ 38/ 22/ 5/ 4 A2 189 353 320 148 272 12 250 61/ 41/ 23/ 6/ 5 A3 189 322 340 142 281 15 255 40/ 29/ 18/ 7/ 6 A4 189 319 290 147 288 15 260 50/ 34/ 22/ 9/ 8 A5 189 308 360 116 279 20 260 42/ 30/ 18/ 8/ 7 A6 189 352 460 101 219 20 270 51/ 33/ 20/ 7/ 6 283

1 2, 30Bc 100Bc H98 3, H98 1 A3 2 A6 3 H98 ( ), : 1 3 G60S G64, 4 3 3 G60S G64 ( ) BHCT ( ) BHST ( ) G60S G64 GRO G603 B1 85 106 100 150 250 010 655 105 006 B2 95 120 100 35 300 400 018 1150 184 010 B3 105 130 100 35 300 400 040 1150 184 010 : G60S G64 ;, GRO 284

4 3 ( g/ cm 3 ) BHCT ( min) ( 30Bc) ( min) API ( ml ) BHST 24h ( MPa) ( ml ) ( cm ) B1 235 296 270 220 265 04 220 B2 235 358 330 170 172 05 225 B3 235 392 370 190 168 05 225 G64 H88H98,, 2 5, G60S H98 6 5 5, G60S H98 ( ) BHCT ( ) BHST ( ) G60S H98 GRO G603 C1 140 175 100 35 350 270 060 1170 350 010 C2 150 185 100 35 350 275 075 1170 350 010 C3 160 200 100 35 350 280 100 1170 350 010 C4 170 210 100 35 350 290 150 1170 350 010 C5 180 225 100 35 350 300 245 1170 350 010 C6 190 240 100 35 350 320 450 1170 350 010 C7 200 250 100 35 350 340 840 1170 350 010 : G60S ;, H98 GRO 6 5 ( g/ cm 3 ) BHCT ( min) ( 30Bc) ( min) API ( ml ) BHST 24h ( MPa) ( ml ) ( cm ) C1 250 402 390 300 206 05 185 C2 250 384 370 360 227 03 185 C3 250 333 320 280 212 05 190 C4 250 400 390 320 208 05 195 C5 250 426 420 280 213 05 190 C6 250 387 380 250 219 07 195 C7 250 218 210 200 4 5 H98 G64 H88,, 285

4 C3 5 C6 3 7 7 24h ( g/ cm 3 ) ( min) ( MPa) ( ml ) ( cm ) D1 306 ( 110 103M Pa) 235 ( 115 21 MPa) 153 20 195 D2 306 ( 110 103M Pa) 428 ( 115 21 MPa) 128 70 205 D3 280 ( 160 120M Pa) 296 ( 200 21 MPa) 182 15 195 : D1 : + + + + + ; D2 : D3 : + + + + ; + + + + + + 1987 G60 JZ202 10, 200, ( JZ92 1 ), 1500m 3000m ( 160 113 ), ( BZ342P7 )CBL VDL,, 361A 14 ( 581, 136299m ), 13 G60, 100% G60, KL1111KL1021D ( BP ) CFD231 G60S G60 H88 39004100m, 130 J, 189g/ cm 3, 4055h, 100mL, 3648h,, G60S GRO G64,, 286

, 240g/ cm 3, 67h, AP I 30mL, 235g/ cm 3, 230g/ cm 3, 781, 4560m, 2200m, 142, 115, G60S H88 G603 G60S 50mL ; H88 ( 110135) G ( HSR ) 35%, 24h, CBLVDL 31,,, 2783973m, 282g/ cm 3,, 306g/ cm 3, 4h,, 310g/ cm 3,,, G60 G60S,, ( BHCT = 70190), ; BHCT BHST ; AP I 30mL ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 287

(, : 637001) (, : 745100 ) ; ;,,, 3210 4 km 2, 70 ;, 300010 8 m 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3, 25 % 50 % 80%, 80% 99% ; 781% 777%, ( ),, 1 5001000m, 350m ( 1874% 2522 % ), (256910-3 m 2 3 9587410-3 m 2 ),,,, 288

155g/ cm 3, 8002500m,, 135145g/ cm 3 ; 120 130g/ cm 3 130g/ cm 3,, 2 15002000m, 50200m; 32004000m, 500600m,, 12003500m,, ( 56m/ h ),, 3 300500m, 35m,,,, ;,,, 600m, 300m,,,,, 11115, 09510, 600m 3, ;, ;, 4, G FDN SAF QJ625HN1H3 BO3 PAC141, : 20% 28%, 12 % 21 % ;, 4% 14 %,, 018 10g/ cm 3,, 430500min, 10h, 48h 2MPa ; 200890min, 48h 06MPa,,,,,,, ; 48h,,,, 289

, ( ),,, :,, ;, ;, ;,,, ( ) 1,,,,,, 2,,,,, 19941996 27, 627MPa, 10MPa, 015g/ cm 3 025g/ cm 3,,, 19 ( ), :, ;, AP I (, ) ;, ; ; 1 35 26, 478, 3000m, 2 ( ) 290

( g/ cm 3 ) 1 ( MPa) k ( % ) ( ml/ 30 min) n ( min) ( Pas n 24h 48h ) ( hmin ) ( hmin) 1 185 < 05 150 08 09 03 01 190 230 7001030 800 1100 > 18 2 16185 < 05 60 05 06 2 1 180 210 630930 700 1000 > 18 3 145155 < 05 150 08 09 02 005 200 240 630930 700 1030 > 14 > 17 4 138141 < 05 700 05 07 2 3 130 160 600630 700 730 > 10 > 13 5 19 0 250 04 07 1 5 120 130 400430 400 430 > 23 6 19 0 60 03 04 3 6 140 150 400430 430 500 > 23 7 1415 0 700 04 06 3 6 90 110 230300 330 400 > 13 > 16 8 185 0 < 80 130 25 2 ( m) ( m ) ( m ) ( % ) 142 3030 502 2 582 3 + 5 4 + 7 + 8 74 207 53 144 3446 551 2 895 3 + 5 4 + 7 + 8 94 54 06 145 3420 601 2 819 3 + 5 4 + 7 + 8 796 148 56 105 3645 720 2 925 3 + 6 4 + 7 + 8 56 357 83 110 3640 565 3 075 2 + 6 4 + 7 + 8 772 113 115 1, Rec Rea vrcvm ax : Rec = 3 470-1 370 n Rea = 12 000 v2 - n ra ( Dw - de ) n 1 200 n k ( 2 n + 1/ 3 n) n 038 ( 3 470-1370 n ) vrc = 001 [ k ] 1 2 - n [ 8 n + 4 n ( D w - de ) ] n 2 - n vm ax = 68120 ( 095 Pdl - Pha ) ( Dw - de ) L Rec ; Rea ; n; k; D w, cm; de, cm; vrc, m/ s; 291

vm ax, m/ s; pdl, ph a, L, m MPa; MPa;, = 146g/ cm 3, n = 069, k = 0412 Pas n ; = 19g/ cm 3, n = 056, k = 159Pas n, 10 %, Dw = 2375cm, de = 1397cm, vrcl = 153m/ s, v rc2 = 213m/ s; 44L/ s 61 L/ s 00155MPa/ m, 0021MPa/ m, 1000m, 1600m, 210m, cm 3, 222m/ s, 116g/ 392m/ s, 33L/ s, 06115m/ s,,, 2 15002000m,,, : ; ; ;, :, 150200m ; ;,,, 3,,, : ; 00135M Pa/ m, ; sl = puh/ 9810-3 Hy + m se = ( puh + GfyHr ) / 9810-3 Hr se > sl Hy + sh ( Hr - Hy ) Hr pw h, 292, g/ cm 3 ; MPa;

m, g/ cm 3 ; sl, g/ cm 3 ; se, g/ cm 3 ; sh, g/ cm 3 ; Hy, m; Hr, m,, 4 0506,, : ts () > 167 ts (),,,,,, ( ) 1, 02% 03%,, < 30mPa s, < 5Pa7Pa, 10min 3Pa5Pa,,,,,,,, 2,,,, :,, ;, 13min,,,,, 29 L/ m, 33 L/ m, 18 L/ s200250m, 68m 3, 611, 37min 40L/ m, 60L/ s, 40L/ s 810m 3, 16m 3 ; 34L/ s, 12m 3, 293

610min,,,, 3,,, : ; ; U ; ; ; ;,,,,, ( ) X Ca 2 +, G : Ca ( OH)2,, Ca ( OH)2 C1 - HCO - 3 Mg 2 +, Ca (OH)2 G, CAH ( ), Ca (OH)2, Ca ( OH)2,, G, :,, Ca ( OH ) 2, Ca ( OH)2,, Ca ( OH)2, Ca ( OH)2 ( ), Ca ( OH)2 CSH ( SiO2 ) ; ( 160g/ cm 3, ) :,,, Ca ( OH)2 ( ),, ( FMH),,, 130g/ cm 3 160g/ cm 3 294

1 3, X,, 3, Ca 2 +, 35, 2 130160g/ cm 3,, 1m, 00010002g/ cm 3, 150g/ cm 3 10g/ cm 3, 050g/ cm 3 065g/ cm 3 ;, 02g/ cm 3 03g/ cm 3, 48h, 0, 0210-3 m 2,, 3,,,,,,,, ( ) 19931995 209 : 255% 80%, 71 % 50% ; 713 % 95% ; 817% 95%, 48 % 75% (3 ) 3 ( ) ( % ) ( ) ( % ) 1992 98 71 ( 7) 184 (18 ) 255 ( 25 ) 745 ( 73) 70 713 1993 60 133 ( 8) 30 ( 18 ) 433 ( 26 ) 567 ( 34) 50 83 28 571 ( 16 ) 323 (9 ) 893 ( 25 ) 107 ( 3) 27 965 1994 53 245 ( 13 ) 359 (19 ) 604 ( 32 ) 396 ( 21) 53 100 1995 128 422 ( 54 ) 406 (52 ) 828 (106) 172 ( 22) 126 984 1992 98 48 ( 47) 337 (33 ) 817 ( 80 ) 183 ( 18) 1993 60 517 ( 31 ) 383 (23 ) 90 (54 ) 10 ( 6 ) 28 536 ( 15 ) 393 (11 ) 929 ( 26 ) 71 ( 2 ) 1994 53 736 ( 39 ) 188 (10 ) 924 ( 49 ) 76 ( 4 ) 1995 128 781 ( 100 ) 210 (27 ) 99 ( 127 ) 09 ( 1 ) : ( ) 295

( ) 27, 546% 889 %, 273% 667%, ; 727% 100%, 9% 777% (4 ) 4 ( ) ( % ) 1990 11 273 ( 3 ) 273 ( 3 ) 546 ( 6) 454 (5 ) 8 1994 12 50 (6 ) 333 ( 4 ) 833 ( 10 ) 167 (2 ), 1995 12 75 (9 ) 167 ( 2 ) 919 ( 11 ) 83 (1 ) 1996 3 100 (3 ) 100 ( 3) 0 19941996 27 667 (18 ) 222 ( 6 ) 889 ( 24 ) 111 (3 ) 1990 11 9 ( 1) 636 ( 23) 727 ( 8) 273 (3 ) 1994 12 75 (9 ) 25 (3 ) 100 ( 12) 0 1995 12 75 (9 ) 25 (3 ) 100 ( 12) 0 1996 3 100 (3 ) 100 ( 13) 0 19941996 27 777 (21 ) 223 ( 6 ) 100 ( 27) 0 : ( ) 34, 100%, 80% ( ) 1 5870 ; 290 ; 330 6500 2 6100 ; 5500 116, 18, [1 ], 1994 (1 ) [2 ],, 1979 ( 1) [3 ], :, 1992 296

[4 ] :, 1993 [5 ] API Spicific Public. Cementing P ractice in the World. 1991 [6 ], 1983 (1 ) [7 ] :, 1985 297

(, : 457001),,, 51, 100%, 100 % 20,,,,,,,,,, SNC,,,,,,, 120g/ cm 3,,,,, 190g/ cm 3, ( 120g/ cm 3 ),,,,,,,,,,, 120g/ cm 3,,, ( ) 1,, 3 298

(1 ) 07g/ cm 3,,,,,,,,, 108144g/ cm 3,,, (2 ) 07g/ cm 3, 315g/ cm 3,,,,,, (3 ),? : 30MPa 60MPa 15h,, 4% 7%, 90%,,,,,, 2,,, 1 1 ( % ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( 80 30M Pa) ( min) ( 48h 95 21M Pa) ( M Pa) ( 80 ) ( ml ) 1 J HC 60 140 C203 3 % + C404 1 % + PZ 35 % 153 164 109 2 J HC 78 135 C203 35 % + C404 1 % + PZ 35 % 171 156 135 3 J HC 116 120 C203 3 % + C404 15 % + PZ 60 % 226 147 156, ( ) 1,, 35, 100%, 100 %, 80%, 2 21 1778mm 3900m, 130g/ cm 3,,, 135g/ cm 3,, 299

8, 2445mm 4100m, 140g/ cm 3, 1300m, 150g/ cm 3, 1600m,, 1360, 1778mm 2400m, 115g/ cm 3,, 1000 m 3,, 120g/ cm 3, 950m,,,,,,,,,, pf pp, pp pf, pf > pp ;, pf - pp,, pf - pp, pm > pp,, pf > pm,, pp pf, pf - pp,,,,, pf - pp,, pf - pp,,,, U,, pf,, pm > pp,,,,,,,,, :, SNC + H20, 8m 3 + 2m 3, 200300m 16,, 100%, 300

, U 301

(, : 100083 ),,,,,,,,,,,, 1980 9, 1989,, 17, 185km 2,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 50, 70,, 80, 90, 1 ;, ; 2 CT ; 302

3, ( LWD) ( SWD) 4, 1995, 2000,, 5 ;,,,, MMH,, 6, 7, ( ) 50 60, 70 80,,, 10, 9 :, 7, 4, ;, ; 7, 3 28, 1200, ;, ; ; 303

; 38 ;, ; 6 6500, 9208310 4 t, 101710 8 m 3, 3067710 4 t, 245,, : ;,, ; 15, ;, ;, ; FS1, ; MMH,, ; ( ), 1200mm ;, (, ), ( ),,,,, ( ) ( ), ; ; ; ; 304

,,,,, 1,,,,,,, ;,,, :,,,,, 2, 50010-3 m 2, 200010-3 m 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, 3, ( 100500 ) 10-3 m 2,,, ;,,, 305

4,,,,,,,, 10m,, ;,,,, :,,,,, ;, 5,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, ( ) ( ) : ( ), 1, :, 10 (1 ), 306

,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, 2% 3 %,,,,, (3 ), ( ),,,,,,,,, ( ), 4,,,,,,,,, 307

,,,,,,, (4 ),, 089g/ cm 3,, (5 ) 2m,, 1024g/ cm 3, 2m,,,,,,,, (6 ) ( ),, (7 ),,,,,, 308

, 3000,,,, (8 ) ( FA367 ) ( XY27 ),,, (9 ) MMH, MMH MMH MMH,, 1990 MMH, MMH, 10 MMH 1000, ( ), MMH ; ;,, (10) ( ),,, 1723g/ cm 3 150,, 309

,, () 2,,, ;,,,,, :, ;, :, ;, 4 3 4 :,, ;, ;, ; : ; ; ; ;,,,,, 30% 40%, 24m 3 / h,, ( ) ( )(),,, : 310

, ;,, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,, :, 06g/ cm 3,, ;,, ;, ;,, ;,,,,, 4 ( ), :,, ;, ;,, ;, ;, 200,, ;,, ; ;, ;, ; 10,, ( ),,, 311

,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1 :, ; ; ;, (1 ),, 4,,,, (2 ),, (3 ),, (4 ),,,,,,,,, 312

2 : ; ; ;, (1 ),,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, (3 ),,, (4 ),, 3, (1 ),, (2 ),,,,,, (3 ),,,, 313

4,,, : ; ; ; ; ( ),,, 1,, : ; ;,, ; ; ; ; 2,,,, : ; 3,,,,,, : ; ; ; ; 314

4,,,,,,,,, : ; ; ; 315

(, : 257001 ), 10,, MMHMMH,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, 61,, 5000m, 10-5 4m 2 15% 25%,,,,,, ( ) 1 10 90, X,,, 1 2 17 108, 2 : Nm Ed Ng Ng Es3 Nm Es3 NgEs2 ; Es3 Es2 Es2 Es3 Es3 Es3 ; Es4 Es2 3 316 37 20 6000, 6

,,, 1 1 XLS, 21 K 791 397 832 341 30 60 < 30 > 80 < 30 < 50 60 80 < 30 > 80 < 30 < 50 > 80 > 80 30 70 < 50 < 50 60 80 < 30 < 30 > 80 < 50, 80 %, ( ),,,, 40,, 8 1 8,, 85% ( ) 37, 14, FcLsPAMPAMNPANN PANMMHMMHLS1, JHDS,, 3 10 90, : FcLsPAM 50 % ; PAM NH PAN 56% ; MMHN HPAN 752%, 88 % ; MMH LS1 95 %, ( MMHNHPANMMHLS1 ) 37 ( ),,, S3 S4 ( S1 30003100m; S231003250m; S332503400m; S43350m ) : S1 140, S2 120, S3 S4 105, S3 S4, 135g/ cm 3, 2200m,, 145 160g/ cm 3 S3 S4,, 200700m 3 317

: S1,,,, 895833791395105 341 6,, 120125g/ cm 3, 810h,, ( ) 40, 0530m 2/ 3, ( ZD1 5) ;, : ZD ZDi 3%, 10% 15%, 50100m, 100m, ZDi 100kg50kg ( ) ( ), + +,,,,,,, :,, :, ( ), 2 26 2 ( m ) K o K od K rd p o p max / p o 50 1217 1072 815 7607 0125 101 16 1800 732 538 7352 0072 120 134 3295 61 398 6525 004 152 73 3371 75 46 6138 0053 146 3503 701 519 7404 00781 116 16 1700 344 274 7849 0018 73 1990 7469 634 8483 0012 318

410 3480 838 645 7697 0019 104 142 3050 1611 1240 770 00278 213 48 3348 832 624 750 0021 138 543 3242 073 067 9178 0393 319

( m ) K o K od K rd p o p max / p o 742 3350 116 843 7267 0052 109 744 3850 201 1501 7462 0028 140 701 3137 1595 1273 7981 0059 2834 106 3206 516 468 9069 0008 104 3260 294 206 7006 0126 231 106 3040 1058 8681 8259 0027 1818 107 2710 2344 2129 9123 0012 125 3350 2853 2171 7610 0053 117 802 2060 4431 3101 6998 0014 152 76 3460 041 037 902 0340 731 3500 6432 5766 8964 0080 139 2480 1731 1340 7739 024 1116 105 3334 89 694 7798 036 153 341 3170 1384 963 6960 024 395 3650 78 593 7593 0049 148 Ko, m 2 ; Kod, m 2 ; Krd, % ; poko, M Pa 26 : Krd 778 %, 65% 12, ( ) DKS 42, 3 3 ( m ) S DR 331 1581 1622-169 331 1636 1645-21 98 3160 3202-112 93 2872 3036-093 105 3246 3252 031 106 833 3692 3718-08 076 395 3590 3333-121 091 93 188341895 080 925 2728 2740-179 049 320

( m ) S DR 103 3292 3294-169 134 3143 3186-145 067 741 2955 2957-091 73 3371 3398 021 74 2847 2852-324 137 2495 2507-026 048 94 2710 2713-157 93 2821 2822-382 148 3108 3110 143 149 3138 3143-105 401 2780 2788-169 32 2200 2202-10 104 3042 3057-068 089 125 3281 3287 019 107 142 3009 3014-22 007 410 2570 2576-17 121 2564 2577-192 142 2260 2272-32 146 1191 1208 170 671 1852 2352-027 096 139 2407 2500-236 16 1709 1723 32 752 901 2430 2439-26 055 802 2014 2020-297 055 18 1123 1130 95 701 3622 3625-153 48 2778 2792-133 93 1800 1812-150 068 701 3001 3020-238 833 3692 3718-08 076 281 2266 2288 55 791 931 2780 2784 023 105 99 2385 2392-242 0575 42 : 5, 3, 3248%, 81% ; 1996, 289, 321

101, 50, 522%, 173%,,, 100 ( ) 1 9398 4 4 ( m ) S DR T/ D 90 3017 3109 098 91 3014 3054 018 102 435 911 3188 3210 51 92 3201 3238 155 180 44 93 2872 3036-093 18 MMH 98 3160 3202-112 89 MMH,,, 909192911 9893,, 23, 60010 4 t, 15010 4 t, 28km 2 2 38,, 21, 10 341 105 MMH,,,, 100t64t, 9110 4 t 7010 4 t, 140km 2,, 150010 4 t 105341 10 5 5 ( m ) ( ) ( m) / ( t) ( g/ cm 3 ) 21 3955 199012 29552963 355/ 62 128 22 3423 19908 33013346 11/ 132 150 26 2629 19916 25332538 0/ 177 165 27 2290 19918 21122117 / 16 160 322

( ) ( m) / ( t) ( g/ cm 3 ) 31 29552959 17/ 0 169 34 34643486 0/ 032 160 29 2651 199112 23712248 024/ 29 155 35 19945 30133021 42/ 468 150 36 19943 30333049 09/ 122 153 107 19941 29372943 157/ 158 145 105 3334 19974 32463261 642/ 198 120 MMH 341 3250 19979 31743180 100/ 07 120 MMH 3 90, 099,, 145, 10-5 210-3 m 2 1988 5,, 150g/ cm 3,, 6 6 1988 / ( ) ( m ) ( m ) ( t ) 91 882 2990 28658 11/ 0 151 28688 92 886 2910 27240 439/ 0 149 27405 93 888 2526 24236 232/ 432 150 24420 94 889 2600 23796 0/ 006 16 23944 95 892 2500 33786 027/ 0 159 3424, MMH 501,, 17t,, 510 8 t, 4,,,,, 323

,,,,,,,,,,,, [1 ] :, 1995 [2 ] :, 1996 [3 ] :, 1993 [4 ], 1992 (2 ) 324

(, : 839009),,,,,, 1987 1,, 1997, 221, 70 1993 2 5037m,,,,,,,, 1 1 : 020357m 20357 2570m, NaPAN PAM ; 25703410m KCl ( NaPANPAM) ( PSCF T1) ; 34104466m KCl PSCF T1SMP,,,, ( ),,,,,, 19901994,,, ( ) 1, 1990 2 3 1 325

,,, 2 1,,, 3 1,, 7 ( 3400m ), 4 KCl,, 1992, KCl, 5 1, 3 3,,,, ( ),, : ; ; J T900PSC2LFD2 ; 20 ; ; ; ; ; ; 1,,, ( m ) ( m/ h) 1 ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( / 10 4 m ) ( % ) ( / m ) 1990 97275 155 1643 2317 5761 0425 / 9870 1991 489683 275 1630 1547 6504 035 986 9056 1992 747136 592 1609 1402 7250 024 381 812 1993 756623 772 / 1250 7621 013 476 571 326

,, ( ),, 300m, ;, J3q; J3q J2 q J3x, 2500m 2 :,, 20% 30%,, 10% 30%,,,, 2 ( % ) ( % ) 1030 6 8 2030, 40 10, 4 7 60 3/ 42/ 3 1/ 41/ 3 25 45 5 ( ) < 028 ( 3 ) : J2q,,, ; J2 s,, ; J2 xj2 sj2b,,,,, J2s,,,, : 327

3 CEC V R D S S I/ S I K C ( m ) 30 40 J 2q 2000,, > 16 > 16 > 800 > 7 10 < 40,, 40 50 J 2 x 2500, 10 12 60 300 5 20 7 4 20 J 2q 2000, > 10 16 16 80 800 6 30 10 6 40 3000 < 10 < 10 80 > 800 4 30 7 > 10 5 40 J 2 x 2500,, 90 6 35 10 45 80 4 < 8 < 10 > 800 < 40 J 2 x 3000,, 90 6 < 35 < 12 < 10 > 90 < 500 < 5 > 30 10 > 10 > 10 30 40 J 2 x J 2 x J 2s 2500,, ( ) J 2b ; ; J3k J3q /,, J3q J2q, J2 x, ; J2q J2 sj2x < 10, 130140,,, ;, ( ) 1 (1 ) 1, FA367, PV YP FA367 03%, PV, 1, FA367 03 %, 1 FA367,,, 1, 90, PV 328

YP, J3q 4, FA367 03% 04%,,, 4 FA367 ( % ) ( ) 1 01 90 0997 0993 0995 2 02 90 0992 0994 0992 3 03 90 0750 0994 0988 4 05 90 0752 0992 0992 : 5 % + 03 % NH 4 PAN + 02 % XY 27 + 2 % LFD2 + FA367 (2 ) 5, 2 3,, 150/ 16h ( 4 ),, 90 150, AV 30%, 5 ( ) ( g/ cm 3 ) AV ( mpa. s ) P V YP G E I API ( mpa. s ) ( Pa) ( Pa/ Pa) ( ml/ mm ) ph HT HP ( ml/ mm ) 1 2 3 1 1 # 50 116 2775 215 625 40/ 170 45/ 05 95 140/ 20 150 16h 50 2175 165 525 10/ 35 38/ 05 90 135/ 20 2 # 50 1145 2625 85 178 40/ 180 50/ 05 95 170/ 20 150 16h 50 115 185 145 40 075/ 35 44/ 05 85 160/ 20 3 # 50 115 250 200 50 / 48/ 05 174/ 20 150 16h 50 250 190 60 10/ 20 50/ 05 / 4 # 50 115 200 150 50 / 45/ 05 200 150 16h 50 320 240 80 30/ 40 70/ 05 / : 1 # : 45 % + 04 % K PAM + 1 % SP NH + 05 % NH 4 PAN + 5 % P SC2 + 02 % XY27 + 3 % LFD2 + 3 % QCX + 10 % BaSO 4 2 # : 45 % + 04 % FA367 + 1 % SP NH + 05 % N H 4 P AN + 5 % PSC2 + 02 % XY27 + 3 % LFD 2 + 3 % QCX + 10 % BaSO 4 3 # : 5 % + 04 % 80A51 + 05 % NaPA N + 2 % P SC2 + 2 % SMC + 3 % LFD2 + 3 % QCX + 15 % BaSO 4 4 # : 5 % + 04 % FA367 + 1 % S PN H + 02 % JT900 + 04 % N W1 + 2 % PSC2 + 2 % SMC + 01 % XY27 + 2 % LFD 2 + 2 % QCX + 15 % BaSO 4 + 329

2 3 330

4 HTHP AV (3 ) 5,,, API HTHP,,, (4 ) 6 KCl 6 KCl ( g/ cm 3 ) T ( s ) B ( ml ) K ( mm ) GeI ( Pa/ Pa) PV ( m Pas) Y P ( Pa) MBT ( g/ L ) Cl - ( mg/ L ) 1 + 34 % 132 108 42 05 25/ 70 64 18 42 8467 KCl KCl 2 1 # + 10 % PSC2 130 46 44 05 05/ 35 41 14 442 8467 P SC2 3 1 # + 15 % KCl 130 48 42 05 05/ 35 44 13 43 13714 4 3 # + 15 % KCl 100 52 44 05 10/ 40 48 115 423 18745 5 3 # + 10 % PSC2 131 34 44 05 05/ 30 36 10 38 16724 331

( g/ cm 3 ) T ( s ) B ( ml ) K ( mm ) GeI ( Pa/ Pa) PV ( m Pas) Y P ( Pa) MBT ( g/ L ) Cl - ( mg/ L ) 6 5 # + 1 % KCl 130 36 42 05 05/ 35 39 115 38 21224 7 5 # + 1 % PSC2 142 40 36 05 10/ 35 40 135 36 21224 + 3 % QS2 + 10 % BaSO 4 6, KCl, PSC2 2,, ( 7) 7 ( % ) (8 12 ) K PAM ( 03 05) NH 4 PAN (0305 ) XY27 LFD2 F A367 ( 03 04) JT 900 ( 0305 ) SAS 80A51 / KP AM / P AN KNaCaN H 4 JS90 FA367, JT SK ( 0305 ) ( 03 05) ( 02 04 ) ( 2 5 ) PSC2 PSC - 1 + SM P ( 05 1) + SMP + SMC S PNH + ( 3 5 ) Q S (2 4) + KCl ( 35 ) 3 8 8 ( s ) ( ml ) ( mm) P V ( mpas ) ( Pa) Q 1 Q 10 ph ( g/ L ) K f H T H P ( ml ) 50 100 < 10 2 1 2 2 5 8 9 60 120 50 25 < 8 05 10 25 5 8 0 2 1 3 8 85 50 60 < 015 35 50 < 5 05 13 20 8 14 1 3 2 4 10 85 45 55 < 015 < 15 40 15 8 1 2 8 40 < 5 05 < 015 < 15 50 25 15 3 5 11 50 332

( ) X,,, (),,,, 1 ( 9),, : 9 ( m/ d) ( mg/ L ) 017331057 018 022 \ : > > > > 3451235 0402092 423516942 \ : > > > 734 0461 40000 \ K 1h : > > 152 0207 4609 \ J 2s : > > > 147 045 24397 \ : > > >, ; ph (11), ;,,,,, 2 :,,,, 20MPa,,, 10% 333

,, 90%,, ;,,, 60% 70% ;, 50% 20M Pa,, 30% 40 %,,,, 300m; 80m, 1300m 3,,, :,,,,, ( ) :,, : p, p,, p,,, ( ),, p LF1EP1,,, ( ),,,,,, 4 (1 ), 2/ 3,, QCX2, 5 334 ( 1012) :, ;,, ;

2cm, 5 QCX2 10 ( h ) ( ) ( MPa) K ( 10-3 m 2 ) K 1 ( 10-3 m 2 ) K 1 / K ( % ) 1314 15 80 50 0332 0232 696 HH201 13 10 80 45 48973 4240 86 HH102 2 10 70 45 8092 5690 703 S N2 7 20 35 12429 6411 52 HN22 20 35 66906 HN26 20 35 56108 33245 5925 : K ; K 1 ; K 1 / K ; : 5 % + 02 % Na 2 CO 3 + 03 % K PAM + 04 % NaHPAN + 03 % XY27 + 04 % JT900 + 2 % FT1 + 2 % SMP + 2 % PSC2 11 ( h) ( ) ( M Pa) K ( 10-3 m 2 ) K 1 ( 10-3 m 2 ) K 1 / K ( % ) SN2 28 + 3 % QCX 2 20 80 35 9373 8120 865 HH102 3 + 3 % QCX 2 10 70 35 8092 569 703 HH102 2 + 3 % QCX 2 10 90 35 167 123 770 H H10251 + 3 % QCX 2 10 70 45 3857 3555 923 MX5 8 + 3 % QCX 2 10 75 45 4289 4098 956 SM2 28 + 3 % QCX 2 20 80 35 973 8112 865 : : 5 % + 02 % Na 2 CO 3 + 03 % K PAM + 04 % NaHPA N + 03 % XY27 + 04 % JT900 + 2 % FT1 + 2 % SM P + 2 % PSC2 335

12 ( h ) ( ) ( M Pa) K ( 10-3 m 2 ) (cm ) K 1 ( 10-3 m 2 ) K 1 / K ( % ) SN2 11 + 3 % QCX 2 20 80 35 12023 169 11710 974 PB1018 + 3 % QCX 2 10 90 35 390 204 346 890 PB1014 + 3 % QCX 2 10 90 35 243 224 225 926 HN29 + 3 % QCX 2 10 80 43 36291 20 35024 965 : : 5 % + 02 % Na 2 CO 3 + 03 % K PAM + 04 % NaHPA N + 03 % XY27 + 04 % JT900 + 2 % FT1 + 2 % SM P + 2 % PSC2 (2 ) HL2 ( 50) F T1 ( 80) ( 13 ), HL2, F T1 13 HL2FT1 ( h ) ( ) ( MPa) K ( 10-3 m 2 ) K 1 ( 10-3 m 2 ) K 1 / K ( % ) SB30158 K + 3 % QCX 2 05 50 35 864 56481 653 FT1 668 + 3 % QCX 2 1 50 10 5568 3061 549 1137 K + 3 % QCX 2 1 50 20 11182 7512 671 1213 K + 3 % QCX 2 10 50 10 27861 11557 5852 SB301109K + 3 % QCX 2 05 50 35 1384 08923 8593 H L2 157K + 3 % QCX 2 10 50 35 78983 70550 8932 696K + 3 % QCX 2 05 90 35 18042 15276 8467 SB30158 K + 3 % QCX 2 05 21 35 86406 56391 6521 : 5 % + 02 % Na 2 CO 3 + 03 % KP AM + 04 % NaHPAN + 03 % XY27 + 04 % JT 900 + 3 % FT 1 + 2 % SMP + 2 % P SC2; : 5 % + 02 % Na 2 CO 3 + 03 % KP AM + 04 % NaH PAN + 03 % XY 27 + 04 % JT900 + 3 % HL 1 + 2 % SMP + 2 % P SC2 (3 ) 1417 14 200300 (m ) ( ml/ min) 05 10 15 20 25 30 ( M Pa) ( min) ( ml ) ( M Pa) ( ml/ min) ( MPa) ( M Pa) ( MPa) ( MPa) ( M Pa) ( MPa) 40 ( MPa) 35 106 35 10 05 70 0 006 006 006 007 01 01 01 32 221 35 10 06 70 0 006 006 006 006 008 008 008 36 318 35 10 08 70 0 005 005 005 005 007 007 007 336

(m ) 15 +3% + 004% ( ml/ min) 05 10 15 20 25 30 ( M Pa) ( min) ( ml ) ( M Pa) ( ml/ min) ( MPa) ( M Pa) ( MPa) ( MPa) ( M Pa) ( MPa) 40 ( MPa) 28 911 35 10 03 80 0 001 001 001 002 003 003 38 203 35 10 0 # 4 80 0 002 002 002 002 003 003 3 2987 35 10 03 80 0 002 10 17 395 35 10 03 80 0 002 002 105 16 +3% + 015% (m ) ( ml/ min) 05 10 15 20 25 30 ( M Pa) ( min) ( ml ) ( M Pa) ( ml/ min) ( MPa) ( M Pa) ( MPa) ( MPa) ( M Pa) ( MPa) 40 ( MPa) 36 835 35 10 02 80 0 01 025 100 6 175 35 10 02 80 0 01 03 100 33 212 35 10 02 80 0 01 025 100 32 294 35 10 02 80 0 001 02 100 62 314 35 10 03 80 0 002 01 100 30 415 35 10 03 80 0 01 01 100 17 + 3%+015%+ 2%EP1 K oo ( 10-3 m 2 ) K w ( 10-3 m 2 ) K d ( 10-3 m 2 ) ( MPa) ( M Pa) K ( 10-3 m 2 ) ( % ) 1 1 265 146 0 15 048 113 77 101 19 4220 1623 0 03 008 1004 62 105 23 439 1612 0 05 007 1177 73 105 29 299 735 0 012 618 841 105 35 393 584 0 05 016 462 791 105 43 687 220 0 1 02 149 68 105 7 155 372 0 022 348 935 14,, 15, 004%,, 16, 015 %, 17, E P1,, 70%, EP1 337

( ) 1, : + Na2 CO3 8% 12% 05% 07% Na2 CO3 50s 01 % NaOH :, ;, 2 J3q, : + + + +, Na2 CO3, 4060 g/ L,,,, :,,,, 21 100%, 11 3 J3q, : + +,, J3q PSC2 ( ) CaCO3, XY27 4560g/ L,,, : J3q,, 338,,,

,,, PSC2 SPNH SMP + SMC PSC1 + SMP,, RT443 4,,, KCl ( 3% 5% ), KCl,, PSC2SPNH,, ( ), 50100m,,, 3% ( WCX2 )15% 2 % ( HL2 F T1 )1 %, 3% ( LF1 )2% ( EP1 ), ph,,,,, XY27 ( 05200m), ( ),,,,,,,,,,, ( 18 ) 18 1993 1996 ( % ) 3518 1243-2275 ( % ) 3493 1061-2432 2925 099-2826 ( % ) 755 100 245 400 14-386 339

1994 : ; ; ;, ;, 19941996 ( 1921 ),, (6 ), (22), (79), : 6277% 470% 420 % ; 268% 151% 110% ; 89h23min75 h2min 74h40min; 1103% 970% 544 % 19 1994 S ( % ) 2 31494 31660 J 2 x 0706 1700 588 24525 24550 J 2s - 0166 0970 25420 25536 J 2 x - 2900 0570 14 18320 18400 J 2q 0390 1060 943 24390 24630 J 2 x 0988 0630 18782 18836 J 2s - 0150 15 25600 25758 J 2 x - 2580 22330 22430 J 2s - 0770 10 22662 22716 J 2s 0213 1048 954 22008 22252 J 2s 5830 1740 575 5 22860 22780 J 2 x - 2300 0600 1 30540 30583 J 2q 27120 36 2 3 26810 27000 J 2q 16990 4070 246 28234 28266 J 2s 44900 9000 111 27500 27565 J 2s 2940 1450 340 26468 26640 J 2q - 1307 0630 26830 26914 J 2q 7900 2000 500 25818 25944 J 2 x 4585 2477 404 19870 20054 J 2s - 2200 0600 17594 17804 J 2s - 2600 0300 340

S ( % ) 1 22096 22140 J 2q 9378 2245 446 2 28320 28350 J 2s 83990 10430 96 34510 34570 J 2s 5430 1590 629 10 38339 38408 J 2 x 0760 1120 893 33696 33780 J 2q 9050 2460 407 10 38985 39015 J 2 x 3160 1820 549 17860 17931 J 2s 3668 1784 561 10 31656 32136 J 1s 24600 36000 28 31170 31350 J 2 x 5200 8000 125 14255 14407 J 2s - 3140 0400 1 25204 25250 J 2s - 0830 0890 24890 24930 J 2s - 0073 0991 101 24502 24865 J 2s 0280 1010 990 102 23665 23709 J 2s - 2380 1 23096 23666 T 5940 1800 556 1252 3154 317 20 1995 S ( % ) 24364 24485 J 2s 0074 1 2 3 203 2 23352 23420 J 2s 2877 1020 980 23885 23920 J 2s 59180 9097 110 28080 28220 J 2s 1050 1120 893 27820 27890 J 2s 7230 2460 407 27730 27890 J 2s 0610 1140 877 27370 27480 J 2s 167 1272 786 26594 26994 J 2s - 073 0860 22330 22430 J 2s - 0770 26610 26775 J 2 x 116 3487 287 25892 24025 J 2s 335 154 649 18940 19150 J 3k - 083 052 15250 15400 K 1h 1159 1785 560 3 32020 32476 J 2s 24 508 197 14 24390 24636 J 2 x 0988 063 25420 25536 J 2 x - 29 057 18320 18400 J 2q 039 106 943 341

S ( % ) 3 29810 29925 J 3k - 117 2 46000 46100 J 2 x - 3397 04254 44745 44895 J 2s 1059 279 42250 42474 J 2s - 139 087 28634 29158 J 2s - 08 055 3 24810 24930 K 1h - 083 08 102 20500 20620 K 1h - 4 037 1 6426 36506 J 2s 1825 3746 267 35762 35890 J 2s 206 125 80 2 32042 32140 J 2s 547 165 606 31320 31384 J 2s 125 80 3 32510 32610 P 19 940 2846 351 21 1996 S 2458 2464 J 2 s - 0770 3 24580 24640 20240 20270-0750 7700 20260 20300 4000 1 19310 19350-0620 5400 5814 J 2q - 1711 5 669016530-1594 581435400-1771 1 31280 31340-1800 30865 30965 2610 2 33844 33890-2000 1 33284 33656-0680 45176 45472 198000 3 44520 44884 30120 30180 2350 4017 29785 29871 13200 1 26770 26810-0840 3 20680 20910 1840 139 342

6 19941996 7 1994 343

8 1995 9 1996 344

22 1994 1995 1996 ( hmin ) ( % ) ( hmin ) ( % ) ( hmin) ( % ) 95500 273 2055 17 105130 700 93920 268 18750 151 16508 110 68455 196 78235 628 205 13 25400 73 0 0 6020 40 12432 35 5050 41 2530 170 49332 141 23120 186 14345 96 4630 14 4000 32 5310 36 ( hmin/ ) 12036 7502 7440 ( hmin ) 349749 130430 150128 ( d/ 10 3 m ) 2575 2470 2295 ( % ) 759 500 474 ( % ) 627 470 420 ( % ) 1103 970 544, 1997 1 3 101 68 : 1 3 ; 101-193, ; 68, 65,, 68 5409t, 65 38t, 42%,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 345

,,, 346

(, : 100083 ),, ( ),, 1966 ( 6, 471877m ), 1978 7175m (),,, : : 60 70 ( ) ( FClS ) ( CMC) ( NaC), 6 ( 471877m)2 ( 5006m) ; 57 ( 5127m ) ; 2 ( 5163m ) : 70 ( SM P ) ( SMC) ( SMT ) ( 6011m) (7175m) : 70 80,, ( PHPA KPHPANH4 PHPA ) ( KCl), 347

( CPAMCHMSP2 ) ( NW1CSW1 ),,,, : ; :,, ;,,,,,, YK1 YK1 3112mm (1 ),,,,,, 3900m (124d), 891%, (25252600m ) 1832%, 4802m (230d),, 25253875m 1987%, ( 33003400m ) 1056 % 6327% 1 YK1 (2 1) ( m ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) Q UA FEL CA L GYP O T H I/ S ILL CH L C/ S I/ S C/ S 2900 3000 311 35 404 32 44 24 45 3010 3020 348 131 170 36 315 39 42 19 65 3030 3070 334 110 144 41 371 22 59 19 45 3100 3200 267 124 130 44 435 19 53 28 45 3250 3300 264 116 112 40 468 22 53 25 45 3622 3623 397 180 122 0 271 47 32 21 75 3701 3702 311 126 142 65 356 23 54 23 45 3815 3816 379 163 102 46 310 16 19 42 23 45 50 3897 3898 375 175 160 81 209 31 30 20 19 45 50 4001 4002 380 165 156 75 224 34 30 22 14 45 50 4087 4089 222 101 188 69 420 15 64 21 20 348

( m ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) Q UA FEL CA L GYP O T H I/ S ILL CH L C/ S I/ S C/ S 4165 4166 255 101 186 123 335 21 55 24 20 4200 4201 247 146 200 40 367 40 28 16 16 40 30 4271 4272 311 108 231 71 279 26 53 21 35 4311 4312 276 106 239 58 321 29 43 20 8 40 50 4407 4408 302 129 183 65 258 34 35 12 19 20 30 441273 202 58 195 47 496 29 47 17 7 20 30 4498 4501 221 81 141 272 285 21 48 14 17 20 30 4516 4517 313 102 193 96 296 26 39 13 22 20 30 456750 285 138 192 40 345 32 52 13 3 20 30 4598 4599 258 128 196 54 364 26 53 21 20 4737 4738 239 79 213 25 47 402 22 55 23 20 4814 4815 139 64 112 372 138 175 74 28 5000 5002 207 78 175 297 69 174 47 35 18 40 5099 5100 262 114 291 63 31 239 15 59 26 20 5199 5200 267 101 196 78 99 261 70 30 5299 5300 196 91 127 200 145 241 70 30 5399 5400 251 108 118 233 96 194 47 36 17 40 5499 5500 305 148 114 42 99 292 66 34 5599 5600 198 87 131 201 80 303 66 24 10 35 560720 106 41 07 314 176 356 77 23 5699 5700 272 89 105 174 61 299 67 25 8 30 576080 247 113 22 73 545 85 15 5799 5800 158 88 86 78 51 534 15 60 25 20 5899 5900 244 87 134 46 50 439 12 67 17 4 20 30 5999 6000 343 68 129 37 40 383 80 20 6094 6100 218 55 130 46 51 500 80 20 616250 136 178 296 08 54 330 16 61 23 10 616460 75 73 723 15 114 16 56 28 10 6199 6200 81 24 397 58 296 144 70 30 6241 6244 64 18 60 569 225 64 22 24 54 30 : QU A: ; FEL : ; CAL : ; GY P: ; O T H: ( ) ; I/ S: /, I LL : ; CHL : ; C/ S: / 2 YK1 ( mm ) ( m ) ( d ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( g/ cm 3 ) 4445 200 2511 169 1636 652 984 109-179 3112 2525 3875 124 1832 150 891 178-194 3112 2525 3875 230 6327 1429 2878 178-194 3112 2525 4800 230 6327 612 2086 178-194 2159 4800 5800 84 4134 340 2340 156-181 349

,,,, YK1 2127mm4800 5832m 83d, 5440m ( 51d),, 160 162g/ cm 3,, 129cm 59cm 14cm,,,,,,, ( 2 ),, :,,, 1 YK1 3112mm2127mm,,,,, 350

:,, 3, ;,, (2 ) ;,,, 3 TAC1 ( % ) ( m ) ( % ) 59585964 37 03 960 59645970 25 05 937 33 60306035 18 02 930 50 60506063 18 954 28 61756185 20 973 04 03 61886200 13 02 985 63056310 20 07 968 05 63116321 25 03 969 03 63226332 34 03 963 63336345 30 04 966 6344-6349 30 06 962 02 63506355 55 04 941 6156161 617 ( ) 62906296 ( ) 06 13 953 06 04 13 958 07 22 18 TZ18, ( 127g/ cm 3, FV = 50s ) 4047 4111m, (2159mm 4318mm, 3 ),,, 8 5312m, TAC1 4001m, 6105m 2445mm 2159mm (112g/ cm 3 ) 5558m,,,, 6097m 30483556mm, 5085842mm (2) 63928m,,, ( 633280m 308 ),, 351

2 TAC1 58006500m, : 160g/ cm 3 ;, ;,, 352

3 TZ18,,, ( 2), : 353

,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,, 1, H4 : H4 51045804m 38 342m 2445mm 3080m, 109g/ cm 3, 51055110m,, ( 112g/ cm 3 113g/ cm 3, FV 42s 6080s, Cl - 9200mg/ L 1420016000mg/ L),,,, ( 45) 167180g/ cm 3, 5804m, 4 H4 ( m ) ( m 3 / h) ( m 3 ) 551820 48 566 : 06t 3t 15t 555254 18 30 1t ( 10M Pa) 556425 55646 46 60 579200 60 20 354

5 H4 ( m ) 525340, 140240t 545700, 175t 545740 545760 545780545800 546280 165t 100195t 5 165t 195t 6 552300552700, 1030t, 185g/ cm 3, 7, 5475m,, 193g/ cm 3,, ( 6) 6 H4 ( g/ cm 3 ) ( hmin) 1996 11 26 27 185 3200 5471m 1996 11 28 185 1230 5471m 18t 1996 11 29 185 2200 5471m 15t 1996 12 1 185 2300 5522m 20t 1996 12 6 185 3100 5474m 20t 1996 12 10 185 5475m 1996 12 22 193 1500 1996 12 28 193 2, N K1 : NK1 2445mm 419899m, 2127mm ( 4456 4966m ), 180m, 70m,, 17m ; 49324966m ( 7) 7 NK1 ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) 4668 4682 14 4853 4857 4 4694 4702 8 4858 4867 9 4708 4778 70 4868 4875 7 4780 4784 4 4884 4885 1 355

( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) 4790 4800 10 4899 4901 2 4806 4809 3 4906 4923 17 4816 4820 4 4927 4929 2 4821 4828 7 4930 4932 2 1988 4 1989 8, 7, 6, ( 6 ) 90670m, 216748m, 540d, 635 NK1 8 8 NK1 Cl - (g/ cm 3 ) ( mg/ L ) ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) ( m ) 1 161 162 43000 468960 468685 449570 19379 4415, 4, 4 23, 1588 mm 127mm, 2 3 185 185000 473388 473388 461389 11989 4376,,,,, 200t ( 138t),,, 195 172000 480730 480730 463887 16843 4570,, ; 3 47m 3, ; ; 4 162 196200 465750 465750,,, 142t 200t250t ;, 5,, 190 208t, 208t 5 219 189800 490620 485840 472992 12848 428950,,,,, 6 197 197000 478540 4789 073, 4789 m 185MPa 28M Pa,,,, ;, 30220t, 238t,, 7 223 494607 494607 465009 29601 4250 ( 90m 3 ),,,, 356

3, YK1 : YK1 3112mm 4802m, 2445mm 480007m2127mm 6406m 467463265m ( 1),,, 181g/ cm 3 160g/ cm 3,, Ca 2 +, 300mg/ L 1940mg/ L,,, ( 9 ),,,,, 4802m5832m ; Ca 2 +, ( ) ; 600328m,,,,, 579988m 112h,,, 9 YK1 Cl - Ca 2 + ( m ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( s ) ( mg/ L ) ( mg/ L ) 47825215 168 39 95000 5200 55045886 152 35 110000 10000 58866189 174 40 120000 11400,, :,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 357

,,,, ; YK1, 2104770m 93, 78810m,,, ( ) 6198m : 185188g/ cm 3 65s 61866198m,,,, 218220g/ cm 3 ( 6198m, 194g/ cm 3, : FV : 55s, PV: 30mPas, YP : 25Pa, GELS: 16/ 34Pa, AP I FL : 40m, HTHP F L: 114mL, Cl - : 80000mg/ L, Ca 2 + : 4600mg/ L ), 10,,, 225h 10 YK1 FV PV Y P GELS A PI FL H T H P Cl - Ca 2 + ( m ) (g/ cm 3 ) ( s ) ( m Pas) ( Pa) ( Pa) ( ml ) FL ( ml ) ( mg/ L ) ( mg/ L ) 4810 181 50 50 9 2/ 6 21 72 12000 400 4873 166 50 37 8 2/ 4 15 72 10500 360 4965 165 45 28 6 2/ 4 13 73 10500 320 5009 161 45 24 7 2/ 4 13 70 10500 300 5074 158 44 24 6 1/ 4 16 73 10000 550 5145 157 46 24 7 2/ 4 15 75 13000 700 5238 160 50 26 8 2/ 5 18 78 13900 950 5278 160 51 26 8 2/ 5 19 78 13900 1100 5337 161 54 27 9 2/ 5 18 75 13900 1300 5414 160 53 26 6 4/ 5 20 76 15000 1450 5474 162 57 28 7 5/ 6 20 75 15400 1500 5551 161 62 25 6 2/ 7 22 76 15800 1560 5611 160 62 26 10 3/ 10 24 80 21000 1700 5696 159 56 25 5 2/ 8 24 80 20000 1800 5726 158 57 23 5 2/ 8 24 80 20600 1840 5818 163 60 25 6 3/ 10 24 74 25400 1940 5835 162 67 28 9 5/ 12 22 72 26500 1900 5878 162 61 26 7 5/ 11 22 72 26200 1860 5955 161 63 27 8 5/ 14 20 74 26000 1760 5994 171 57 26 16 12/ 30 20 74 28000 1660 358

FV PV Y P GELS A PI FL H T H P Cl - Ca 2 + ( m ) (g/ cm 3 ) ( s ) ( m Pas) ( Pa) ( Pa) ( ml ) FL ( ml ) ( mg/ L ) ( mg/ L ) 6003 180 66 36 19 10/ 28 20 70 29000 1640 6074 180 59 35 20 15/ 30 20 72 30000 1680 6129 180 60 30 20 13/ 27 18 70 29000 1600 6182 184 65 34 21 15/ 30 22 72 30000 1700 6196 189 93 38 23 16/ 34 22 72 37500 2000 6198 191 67 38 20 13/ 25 24 72 60000 3200 6198 192 55 30 25 16/ 34 40 114 80000 4600 615995m : 221g/ cm 3 ( FV : 76s, PV : 75mPas, YP: 10Pa, GELS: 5/ 20Pa, API FL : 20mL, HTHP FL : 68mL) 615995m, 327799m,,, 230g/ cm 3, 4791m ( 480007m ), ( 105m 3 / h ) 236g/ cm 3,,,,,, 5080m, ATJ33, 233g/ cm 3 235g/ cm 3, :, ; 5032 503550m,, 160g/ cm 3, 235g/ cm 3,, ; (17min ),,, 19329m, 2064mm 19248m, 244g/ cm 3, 1050h ( 221g/ cm 3 ) : : 130g/ cm 3, FV : 38s, Cl - : 180000mg/ L, Ca 2 + : 28000mg/ LYK1 ( : 6330 6344m6159 6191m ), : Cl - : 205380mg/ L, Ca 2 + : 30525mg/ L, Mg 2 + : 1600mg/ L,,,,, TZ18 3555m, 355820m, 122g/ cm 3 129g/ cm 3,, 3110m, 7m, 332311m,, 448m, 128g/ cm 3 397m 3 ; ( 7m 3 ), 108g/ cm 3 20m 3,,,,,, 29079m, 41521m, 127mm 2902m,, 3519m, 359

2445mm 351684m, 1584 h,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, 382, 45, 117%, 10, 8, ( 1996 9 ) MC1, 3784m,, 43d, 1326 TG1 3660m, 1400 m 3, 100d, 095g/ cm 3,,,, 1997,, : a:,,, b :,,,, c :,,, d :, e,, 360

,,, a,,,, b,,,,, c,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, ( ), ;,,,, 1Changhao Piao, Licao Qin, Danqing Shen and Yingmin Li, RIP ED, CNPC. Study on HD CDF and its Application in Troublesome Ultra - Deep Well. SPE 38056, 1997 SP E Asia Pa cific Oil and Gas Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1416 April 1997 2,,.. :, 1997 361

(, : 745101 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ; ;,,,,, ( 450m ) ( 28003000m ), 70%,, 110g/ cm 3,,,,, ASS 4,,,,,,,,,,,,, 28m/ h 6m/ h, 177d 70d, ASS4, 362

( ),,, ; 1,,,, : 1990 1991 5,, 67h25min 37h,, a: 4 10 ( ), 34% 68 %, I/ S 38 %66%, CST 73183s, V 2h 17% 29%, V 24h 27 % 42%, CEC 15973187mmol/ 100g, 25 %, CEC 655mmol/ 100g, V2h 112%, V24h 277 %,,, 13cm b:, c: 5 8,,,,,,,, 25m,,,, : 1990 13, 2000 m 3, 450 h,,,,, 113g/ cm 3 :,,, 6 634 %, 37% 44%,,,,,,,,,,, : 1990 1991, 2,, 363

2,,, : vm = 3109810-4 e 10539/ ( R = 0889 ) ; : vm = 1739PV - 0788 ( R = 090) ; : vm = 0202FL + 0406 ( R = 0891) ; : - vm = 91186 1098 ( R = 088 ) vm, m/ h;, g/ cm 3 ; PV, mpa s; F LAP I, ml ; ( ), mpas,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1,, :,,,,,,,,,, 2, : ( 0450m ) :,,,, 364

( 19002300m) :,,,, ( ) ( 28003300m) :, :,, : 3, ( ), : a: + FA367 01 % 03% + CaCl2 01% 02% ; b: ( 3% 6% ) + FA367 015% 03% + XY27 02% 04% + JT41 01% 05% + ( F T342 3% ) () : + PHP 01% 03% + CaCl2 01 % 02% (KCl 05% 1% ) : a: + CPAM 1% 2% (65 % ) + TDC15 02% 05% (60% ) ; b: + CPAM 1% 2 % ( 65 % ) + TDC15 03% 05% ( 60 % ) + HEC ( DT1 ) 03 % 05% + HPS 03% 1% + QS2 1 % 3% 1 1 ( g/ cm 3 ) u FV ( s) q FL ( ml ) C T ( mm ) A V ( m Pas ) P V ( m Pas ) Y P ( mpas ) ( mpa s ) ph R 30 ( % ) R 30 ( % ) 100 155 188 0 15 275 10 20 05 075 077 131 6 7 948 915 1025 104 2447 80 100 05 1223 95 16 25 7 694 759 993 10 157 17 0 15 28 10 21 0 075 08 19 6 7 965 55 365

( g/ cm 3 ) u FV ( s) q FL ( ml ) C T ( mm ) A V ( m Pas ) P V ( m Pas ) Y P ( mpas ) ( mpa s ) ph R 30 ( % ) R 30 ( % ) 10 1516 0 102 1728 1226 01 105 05 20 25 412 10 15 210 1 109 02 6 15 9076 6 7 6 902 933 884 ( ),,, : ;,, ;, ;,,, ( ), : SB Kg1 Kg2 Kg 1, 2 2 K g1 ( 10-3 m 2 p T Z ) ( MPa) ( h : m ) ( L/ S ) K g2 ( 10-3 m 2 ) K = K g1 - K g2 K g1 100 % 13 307 6987 35 200 0 2841 5934 + CaCO 3 12 307 6963 35 200 0 2630 6222 KCl 12 309 6708 35 200 0 1386 7934 KCl + CS 2 4 34 01845 45 200 0 00400 784 4 63 02277 45 200 0 00546 760 366

K g1 ( 10-3 m 2 p T Z ) ( MPa) ( h : m ) ( L/ S ) K g2 ( 10-3 m 2 ) K = K g1 - K g2 K g1 100 % 12 272 3757 60 200 0 371 9002 KCl 13 104 4344 60 200 0 009 999 + CaCO 3 13 98 29871 60 2: 00 0 241 9193 2,, 2,, ( 35M Pa),,,,,,,,,, 12cm ( ) 1,,,,,,,, 2,, 3 3 ( ) S w ( % ) 30 min/ 60 min S w ( % ) S w K g ( 10-3 m 2 ) S w = 0 K g1 ( 10-3 m 2 ) K g0 - K g K g0 100 % ( % ) 8346 6667 00089 00406 781 30min 2 22 1 100 6465 00027 00100 730 30min 5629 00034 00100 640 60min 367

( ) S w ( % ) 30 min/ 60 min S w ( % ) S w K g ( 10-3 m 2 ) S w = 0 K g1 ( 10-3 m 2 ) K g0 - K g K g0 100 % ( % ) 8086 6655 00110 00393 720 30min 2 59 2 100 4873 00087 00389 7763 30min 3876 00112 00389 7121 60min 9719 9607 00091 00188 5404 30min 4 38 1 100 7234 00080 00179 5531 30min 8243 00101 00179 435 60min 3, 80%,,, 781%, ( ),,,,, 4 4 SB ( 10-3 m 2 ) K v K w K K 1 K 2 K 3 K 4 K 5 K 6 ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) 42 58 1 05851 05338 05358 04927 04311 02710 263 371 537 12 16 1 02455 02455 02271 02234 02148 01309 125 391 467 2 5 1 03777 03422 03274 02971 02560 01763 322 299 533 4 41 1 04722 04293 04078 03091 02862 01431 394 500 701 12 36 1 03827 03377 02589 02341 02289 02176 402 284 431 5 26 1 00381 00313 00151 00129 00112 517 348 802 5 28 1 01337 00851 00547 00365 00270 366 250 859 2 4 1 00323 00145 00138 00114 00099 00066 551 256 796 2 12 1 02503 01574 01231 00939 00751 00533 371 291 787 12 48 2 01031 00863 00731 00675 00562 00150 445 733 852 19 37 3 00311 00283 00198 00181 00170 00103 453 668 42 155 4 04220 04182 03849 04562 03345 02281 207 189 459 : K 1 K 2 K 5 2030 4050 60MPa SB ; K 6 24h K 5 SB ; K v : K w ; K 368

4,,,,,, 2510 4 mg/ L, ( ),,,,, Kg, 5 5 ( 10-3 m 2 ) 15 25 35 45 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 2 13 1 05836 06017 06097 06215 05817 05822 05656 05704 05483 05459 05415 05439 17 2 59 1 00565 00627 00482 00449 00405 00363 00334 00308 00286 00271 00257 00244 94 2 2 1 263534 187365 150218 120135 89057 64997 49690 39167 32231 26771 22829 19681 276 5 31 1 03996 03854 03783 03602 03419 03188 03046 02870 02744 02662 02672 02514 32 2 5 1 24415 23412 21139 18654 16158 13547 11805 10625 09508 08685 07866 07337 103 5,, Kg,, 2 2, 200MPa 276 ( ) PH PKPAMCMCSMCSMPSMT, ph,, ( ) 1, ( ),,, ( ) ( ), 6 6 ( MPa) ( % ) > 90 % ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) 12 35 5080 11 917 245 600 6 6 6595 1 167 1376 116 369

( MPa) ( % ) > 90 % ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) 10 35 60 153893 10 100 5652 926 12 35 273100 7 583 2100 300 6, 35M Pa,,, ; 60MPa, ;,,,,,,,, 2,, 7 7 5 % EA S w0 S w1 S w1 S w2 S w1 S w2 S w1 S w2 2 22 1 8346 6667 6465 5629 6342 5449 341 141 2 59 1 8066 6656 4873 3876 4953 3949 1703-08 4 38 1 9717 9607 7332 6243 6921 5989 2686 311 : S w1 30min ; S w2 60min 7, 5 % EA, 30min, 341% 2686 %, 60min, 141% 311%, EA,,, 7% 13% 3,, ;,,, 8 8 SB ( 10-3 m 2 ) ( % ) K 1 K 2 K 3 K 4 K 5 K 1 K 2 K 3 23 28 1 03278 03168 02950 02468 02080 192 215 365 YH 90 05 % 2 6 1 00307 00307 00294 00272 00245 114 99 200 T DC15 05 % 2 13 1 02783 03029 03012 03001 02701-78 100 29 T DC15 05 % 42 23 1 00694 00615 00416 00379 00284 454 251 591 BCS851 ( ) 05 % 370

SB ( 10-3 m 2 ) ( % ) K 1 K 2 K 3 K 4 K 5 K 1 K 2 K 3 4 85 3 00225 00204 00192 00176 00176 218 0 218 YH 90 05 % 5 31 3 00121 00117 00106 00106 00082 124 226 322 T DC15 05 % 19 65 3 00316 00285 00190 00157 00095 503 395 699 BCS851 ( ) 05 % : K 1 K 2 K 3 K 4 20 3040 50MPa SB ; K 5 24h K 4 SB ; K 1 ; K 2 ; K 3 8,, TDC15 4,,,,,,,, :,,,, ; EA,, ;, ;,,,, ASS4 ( ) 1991, 30, 31 51 50 6 (51 ASS4 ) 1 8732, 1991 30,,,,,, 1991 38 50130mL,,, 371

5874 1 113, ASS4,,,,,, QS2, ( ),,,, 114 122g/ cm 3 100103g/ cm 3, 15 18s, 13mPa s3257m ( ),, 100103g/ cm 3, FV 1516s,,, 70 %,,, 110g/ cm 3,, HTHP ( 14 16mL),,,, 9, 10 9 19901993 1990 1991 1992 1993 16 37 53 39 13 10 15 11 13 8 6 5 ( m 3 ) 2202 450 368 400 ( h) 530 21 51 35 26 5 9 5 ( h) 2373 903 398 229 11 6 8 2 ( h) 44 25 30 9 10,,,,, 1991 336m/ h, 1992 436m/ h, 1993 472m/ h, 1990 282m/ h 2915% 5461% 6738 %, 1990 177d 1993 75 1996 612m/ h, 372

70d 10 19901993 ( ) H ( m ) H ( m ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ( m Pas) ( m/ h) v m ( % ) ( d) ( d) 1990 16 3156 1154 1921 282 177 6 3752 596 1056 674 403 429 104 73 1991 + 33 3499 343 1094 1442 330 1702 120 57 1 3615 459 1073 463 356 2624 84 83 53 3622 466 1074 860 363 2872 103 74 16 3603 447 1074 927 435 5436 88 89 1992 + 45 3615 459 1046 1289 434 5390 73 104 2 3785 608 1060 907 591 10857 69 108 53 3661 505 1060 1041 436 7258 77 100 1993 38 3463 307 1075 1925 482 7092 76 101 + 2 3815 657 1070 599 467 6560 97 80 40 3639 483 1073 1262 476 6826 87 90 ( ) 51 ASS4,, ;, 11 11 ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) 55 100 % 131 6333 30 938 269 5308 51 ASS4 1000 0 3096 11, ASS4,,,,,, 12 373

12 ( ) ( 10 4 m 3 / d ) + FD56 12 20 % HCl 159320 6 20 % HCl 188977 12 20 % HCl 123296 17 20 % HCl 114765 2 20 % HCl 38867 ASS4 2 20 % HCl 29479,,,,,,, 2,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, 3300 m,,,,,,,,, ( ), 3000 m,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, 374

(, : 433121 ),,,, 1965 ( 2 )1970 28, 1977, 1988,, 7310 4 t/ a (,,,,, ), :, ;,,,, 80, 26,, S1 () 100%, ) 75%, S < 0 (,, ( ),,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 375

,,, vfd p m d v d x : vfd = fd0 + ( p m ) d v d x, V A t KCcCm : K ( Cc - 1) Cm V = A pt,,, ( ),,,,, ( ),, 130135g/ cm 3 ;,, ( ),, 125g/ cm 3 ;,,, 130138g/ cm 3 0809, 1011,, 0205,,,,,, 80,, 26,,, Eq4,, 3t/ d,,,,,,,, : +,, 80% 90% ;, ( NaClKClCaCl2 ),,, ;,, 11 376

1213 S - 138027-059, DR1,,,,, 1993,, ( ) 6900km 2, (19581969 ),,, ( ) : 1966, 10, 16, 14, 3, : 1967, 1969 2 1 102t/ d,, 20 1234, 2, 05km 3,,,, 1975, 19741975 11980, : 1978, 1979 2,, 1, :, 1993, 24 ( ) 1993 1993, 160,,,,,, 75%,,, ( ), :,, 567 %, 34 %, 87% ; 84%, 34%, 42%, 49%, 9 % : 1781%, 9810-3 m 2,, 273m, ( 16 24 ) 10 4 mg/ L, CaCl2, Ca 2 + ( 46) 10 3 mg/ L 1011, 27 125:,,, () ( 4993 ) 10 4 mg/ L, 24, 26301 1993 (80 ), 377

, NaKNaOH, : ( ) 125g/ cm 3, 13g/ cm 3 ; ; 810mL ; ph 912 ; 2 10 4 mg/ L, 1975 19 :, ( 085g/ cm 3 ),,,, 122d,,, ( ) 1993,,, 1993 24 1990m (),,,, 55t/ d, 5, 26 262t/ d 28301,, ( 1600m ) (),, < 105g/ cm 3 ( 115g/ cm 3 ), (), ( 20% ), 120125 g/ cm 3,,, 3112mm, 80%,,,,,, 1995 27,, 129g/ cm 3 1881m () :,,,,, 129g/ cm 3 137139g/ cm 3,, ph,,,,, ( - 237, 013), 27,,, 27 27, 72 27 72,, ( ) 130g/ cm 3, 378

72 ( ),,, 0316,, 24 ( ),,,,, ( ),, ( ph ),, AP I HTHP,,,,,, 27 7276,, ( ) : : a, 16 % 4% ; b 40% 70%,, ; c, : ( ), 1, : a,, 30, b,,,,, c, ( ),, 10 (5 ),,,, ( ),,,,,, ( ), 100% ( ),,,,,, : 20% 70% 379

, 65%, 43% 72 %, 1 1 ( d) (d ) 36 45 1 83 22 : 41 11 2 9 3 7 4 76 9 24 28 261 5 : 21 5 8 ( 19951997 ) 10 9 953 : 315 6 9, 10d ( ), K K1, 80% (2) 2 ( m ) K / K 1 ( % ) 1 3 1764 88 2 10 1611 96 3 53 1582 93 4 11 2057 90 5 57 1868 60 6 8 12 3180 86 7 78 2288 88 8 60 1960 75 9 27 1940 100 10 3 1630 83 11 23 905 84, 60%, (83% ) 83% ( ) ( S, DR ),, ( ) 380

3 3 ( m ) S DR 1 41 Ex 1983 1987-155 074 2 11 Eq 2 3 2310 2409-138 072 3 11 Eq 1 4 2593 2598 282 45 4 13 Eq 1 4 2560 2585 027 105 5 12 Eq 1 4 2704 2710-059 086 6 2 Eq 1 3 3094 3178 10 110 7 15 Ex 3348 3052-129 075 8 19 Ex 3355 3358-12 07 9 72 Ex 1243 1320 003 101 10 72 Ex 1255 1271 401 179 11 27 Ex 1927 1953 237 063 12 273 Ex 1965 1973 835 230 4 S0 S1 S > 0 75 100 25 485 576 515 ( g/ cm 3 ) ( M Pa) S 72 133 1014 0316 37 003 11 132 108 024 55-138 13 132 109 023 59 027 12 136 102 034 92-059 :, S0 75%, S1 100%,,,, ( ), S0 485%, S1 576 %, ( S > 0 515%, S 769) 3, ( 11 72 ),,,, 02, 410MPa,,, ( ) 381

,, ( NaCl),,, KClCaCl2 ph,,, ( ) ( ),,, (),,, : ( ),, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, [1 ], :, 1993 [2 ], :, 1995 ( 317 ) 382