James Harris IUCN SSC Grus leuceogeranus 99 40 1
12 9 12 16 16 100 5 3 4 20.9 1. 2. 3. 2
4. 5 6 5. 6. IUCN 3
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1. 2. 1 3. 2 James Harris IUCN SSC E11376 Shady Lane Road, Baraboo, Wisconsin 53913, USA. Tel: +1 608 356 9462. Email: harris@savingcranes.org. Website www.savingcranes.org. IUCN 1 2 2 131 +86 10 8532 4919. zhuanghao@iucn.org.cn. www.iucn.org 5
16 IUCN Ji et al. 2007 Ciconia boyciana 95 Grus leucogeranus 99 19 22400 IUCN IUCN 6
Vallisneria spp 50 1 * http://www.pprinciple.net/ 7
X19 IWRM IRBM IWRM IRBM IWRM IRBM IWRM IRBM X1 2009 2015 1.7 1 162,225 km 2 98% (Li 2001) (Li et al. 2004) 8
1. 4,000 (Shankman and Liang 2003) (Yesou et al. 2009) (Zheng 2009) 9
2005 Anser cygnoides Grus vipio 425,000 2005 726,000 2004 2005 2005 Ji et al. 2007 Qian et al. 2009 12 15 1 Neophocaena phocaenoides Hydropotes inermis inermis Psephurus gladius 30 2009 38 2 8 6 6 2010 5 6 (2010) 10
6 12 27 2986 2195 16 20 4 1 8 31 9 1 20 16 17.5 9 21 10 31 17.5 16 11 1 12 31 1 1 3 31 5 6 11
1 2 4 13 12 9 15 12
15 2. 1952 2007 1978 2008 15 20.9 18 18.2 15 1.4 2.8 15 0.1 0.8 0.1 2004 08 2007 2007 8 13
200 2004a 2004b 5 6 7 9 9 12 1 8.33 1998 16 117.5 16 100 14
2006 08 2012 60 (T. Marie, Louis Pasteur ) 80 2262 80% 1998 2006 2008 9 12 1366 12 15 519 15 16 16 16 16 3 5 9 3 3. 15.34 14.4 >16 16.0 14.6 = 14.6 14.3 = 14.3 13.9 Fox Scheffer et al. 2001 15
Cao et al 2008a,2008b 1996 3 4 110 Cao 2008a 5 Anser eryphropus A. albifrons A. fabalis A. anser 2006 1980 80 65 (Syroechkivskiy 2006) (O. Goroshko, N. Tseveenmyadag, L. Su, ) Barzen 2008 Grus monacha Cygnus columbianus 30 50 ICF 14 16 Barzen et al 2009 (Fox et al ) 16
0.5 2005 (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientali) 1996 1991 2700 Zhang et al 1993 2006 1800 Zhao et al 2008 5 Zhao et al 2008 450 2000 2002 Zhao et al 2008 2003 2004 58 20 2006 Dudgeon 2010 50 4 1956 2009 5 10 17
4. 1956 2009 5. / 1956 2009 6 1995 2008 16 14 14 12 2 14 12 2 2 12 14 53 18
6. 1955 2008 68 95 53 2006 12 31 7.85 7.32 1956 12 20 1993 1997 2003 5 26 6 10 135 2006 156 2006 9 20 10 27 37 111 19
10 11 1 5 Zhang et al 2010 2003 1950 2001 9603 25 211 9367 278.86 x 10 8 m 3 2009 2001 2005 2000 2001 140 2002 2003 2004 230 430 450 2005 2006 380 390 (Wu et al 2007a; 2009a) 2005 Fok and Pang 2006 Wu et al. 2007a 2008 De Leeuw et al. 2010 2005 IUCN Wu et al. 2007a 2007b Wu et al. 2009b De Leeuw et al. 2010 1950 1990 20
1990 1961 1990 0.27 o C 1991 2003 1998 2003 1961 1990 0.42 o C 0.75 o C 2006 2009 2008) 1426.4 mm 4 6 47.4% 11 3 11 1 9.9 1961 2006 1990 2009 2006 07 50 21
1 22
1995 6.5 Ramsar Convention Secretariat 2010 2009 23
IUCN Emerton, 2009 IUCN PES PES 2 PES PES PES PES IWRM PES PES TEEB 2009 Smith et al. 2006 Emerton 2009 http://www.watershedmarkets.org/ 1980 1990 24
6 1992 12 1993 1993 13 2002 1998 2001 2004 2004 5000 2003 5 5000 40 5 PES PES GTGP 1998 2006 9 Ailuropoda melanoleuca 25
8 450 TEEB 2009, Chen et al. 2009 2 3 1 2 IUCN 1 26
12 9 12 12 27
1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5a 6. IUCN 1. 50 2. 3. 28
4. 5 6 5. 5a 6. IWRM 9000 1980 MRL MRL 29
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