2014 www.who.int WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland+41 22 791 3264+41 22 791 4857bookorders@who.int http://www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html Cover photos: Front, top (left to right): M. Wright/Ashden Awards; J. Lewis/Duke University; N. Bruce/WHO, bottom: N. Bruce/WHO Back: N. Bruce/WHO
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2012 WHO 30 430 2015 iii
Dr Margaret Chan Director-General World Health Organization iv
30 400 AQG PM 2.5 1
http://www.who.int/indoorair/ guidelines/hhfc 2
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2006 2010. 7 http://www.who.int/indoorair/ guidelines/hhfc 11 5
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2005 (5, 7) 2006 GRC SG1 GDG 1 2011 1 EPRG1 2 2012 4 / 2-3 2 3 http://www.who.int/indoorair/ guidelines/hhfc 2 2006 64 7
2.2 1 4 GRADE GRADE(8) GRADE GEPHI http://www.who.int/ indoorair/guidelines/hhfc 1. 2. 3. GEPHI GRADE 8
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5. 6. 1 2.5 PM 2.5 ( ) PM 2.5 () 0.23 (mg/min) 0.80 (mg/min) CO ( ) CO () 0.16 (g/min) 0.59 (g/min) 1. 90% PM 2.5 24 24 R1.1 2. IERT 60% PM 2.5 1 IT 1 R1.2 60% 24 R1.360% 3. 4. R1.2 PM 2.5 IT-1(35µg/m3) 11
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R1.3 24 (ERT) ( / ) 24 0.35 60 0.16 90 1.45 60 0.59 90 2 1 1. 2. 6 PM 2.5 PM2.5 IT-1 IT-1 40 60µg/m 3 3. 4 13
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/ http://www.who.int/indoorair/guidelines/hhfc 16
1 REVIHAAP (8) PM 2.5 / 2-3 3-5 17
1. Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, Danaei G, Shibuya K, Adair-Rohani H, et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2224 60. doi: 10.1016/s0140 6736(12)61766 8. 2. Smith KR, Bruce NG, Balakrishnan K, Adair-Rohani H, Balmes J, Chafe Z, et al. Millions dead: how do we know and what does it mean? Methods used in the comparative risk assessment of household air pollution. Annu Rev Public Health. 2014;35:185 206. doi: 10.1146/ annurev-publhealth-032013 182356. 3. Deaths from household air pollution, 2012. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://apps. who.int/gho/data/node.main.140?lang=en, accessed 17 July 2014). 4. WHO air quality guidelines global update 2005: particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide Copenhagen: World Health Organization; 2006 (http://www.euro.who.int/ data/ assets/pdf_file/0005/78638/e90038.pdf, accessed 17 July 2014). 5. WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: selected pollutants. Bonn: World Health Organization; 2010 (http://www.euro.who.int/ data/assets/pdf_file/0009/128169/e94535.pdf, accessed 17 July 2014). 6. WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: dampness and mould. Bonn: World Health Organization; 2009 (http://www.euro.who.int/ data/assets/pdf_file/0017/43325/e92645.pdf, accessed 18 July 2014). 7. Balshem H, Helfand M, Schunemann HJ, Oxmand AD, Kunz R, Brozek J, et al. GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(4):401 6. doi: 10.1016/j. jclinepi.2010.07.015. 8. Review of evidence on health aspects of air pollution REVIHAAP project: final technical report. Copenhagen: World Health Organization; 2013 (http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/ environment-and-health/air-quality/publications/2013/review-of-evidence-on-health-aspectsof-air-pollution-revihaap-project-final-technical-report, accessed 18 July 2014). 18
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