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Biomechanics Analysis to the Preliminary Squat and Elastic Force of the Barbell of the Clean and Jerk of Woman Weight Lifting in Taiwan Region June,2002 Graduate Student Yuan-Chien Ni Advisor Pao-Cheng Lin ABSTRACT This research use the biomechanical method and inquire into the Taiwan region four the Olympics of the potentials and excellent contestant of the world classes stand to raise the kinematics and kinetics characteristics of the preliminary squat of the clean and jerk. The contestants are Wang Chin-Yu, Kuo Pin-Chun, Kuo Yi-Han and Chen Hsiao-Lien. This research was not only capture the knee joint data such as angle and angular velocity by the high speed camera but also using force plate capture the ground reaction forces at the same time. The experiment shows the angular change of the knee joint during the preliminary squat down was distributed in 113 to 127 degrees and with the average value was 120 degrees. The maximum ground reaction force during the pre-squat down is 2.08 time to body weight in average, 1.5 time during the post-squat down and 4.28 time during the pull up. The elastic deformation of the barbell left side during pre-squat down is 65.10 cm in average, the middle point is 63.53 cm and the right side is 67.63 cm. During the post-squat down, the elastic deformation of the barbell left side the even all 45.58 cm, the middle point is average 50.37 cm and the right barbell side is average 48.40 cm. During the pull up, the deformation of the barbell left side is the average 84.50 cm, the middle point is average 87.17 cm and the right barbell side is average 90.12 cm. Key words: woman weight Lifting,clean & jerk,jerk,preliminary, a barbell elasticity IV

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.I II...III IV V VI. VIII IX... 1... 1... 3... 5... 5... 6... 7... 12... 12... 17 VI

... 19... 20... 20... 20... 21... 27... 29... 31... 31... 33... 64... 69... 69... 70... 71... 75 VII

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1987 Schodl 1997 1997 1997 1984 1987 15 23 47 51 2001 2000 1

(Snatch) (Clean & Jerk) IWF-Medals and World Records in weightlifting 1997 Clean Jerk ( ) 2

45 3 135 70 17 48 13 35 12.5 25 62.5 3

4

(High Speed Camera) Kistler 5

6

(Jerk ) 1-6-1 To prepare posture 7

1-6-2 Preliminary 1-6-3 8

1-6-4 ( Pre squat ) ( Post squat ) 9

1-6-6 Jerk pull 1-6-7 10

Inertia on the rise 1-6-8 ( Stride forward squat keep up ) 1-6-9 A barbell elasticity 11

1977 1977 110 143 (1978) 135 135 12

1979 110-125 1981 113-118 1979 1979 r=0.79 1981 1.2 0.7% 1981 0.19 0.16 13

Baumann (1983) 35mm 1/3 Kauhanen (1984) concentric phase 1994 r=0,547(n=25,p<0.01) 1994 14

(1994) 1990 9 0.22 0.15 0.19 0.24 0.24 5 1.05 0.12 0.06 0.22 0.20-0.50 / -0.96 / 1.18 / 1.56 / -0.40 / 111.5 162.9 Bartonietz (1996) Reiser (1996) 5 1000 transition phase 130-140 15

1998 9 108 3 324 166 33 125 41 32.8% 84 67.2% 3.6% 41.7% 54.8% 1999 (2000 ) 135-140 110 120 16

1977 50% Vorobyev (1978) 1979 A=h =Fcosθ S F θ F S Fcosθ A h Fcosθ S 1981 Garhammer (1985 1989) 17

1997 1. 2. 3 (1999) 1999 30% 18

110-125 0.22 113-118 111.5 0.22 19

48 63 75 75 3-1-1 3-1-1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) A 48 159 60 112.5 90 80.0 2001 B 63 150 64 125.0 90 72.5 2001 C 75 167 75 140.0 100 71.0 2000 D 75 171 98 156.5 90 70.0 1998 20

Kistler (Force-plate) 4 (Amplifier) Kistler (Piezoelectric Transducer) (Sensitivity) Fz ( ) 50000 Fx Fy ( ) 10000 (Bioware) 21

Kistler (Aril Motion Analy system) ( ) 500 12 1/250 250 3-3-1 Sony 22

Kistler 12Bit A/D Bioware 23

24

250 500 3-3-1-25

3-3-2 26

Kistler Kistler (Amplifier) BioWare BioWare 15 UESAKA-TOKYO 25 20 15 27

10 5 2.5 1.25 4 28

90 4 3-3-3 29

:Kistler :9281B :500Hz :Kodak :Fastcam :250FPS :1/250 3-3-3 30

Clean (Jerk) Aril Motion Analysis System Kistler 4-1-1 Aril Motion Analysis System 4-1-2 31

4-1-1 Ariel Motion Analysis System 4-1-2 4-1-2 32

( ) kistler 12-Bit (A/D Transform) A 70 80 90 B 65 77.5 90 C 75 90 100 D 90 105 110 (1) (2) (3) (4) 33

( 0 ) 4-2-5 4-2-1 4-2-2 4-2-3 4-2-4 4-2-5 34

35

4-2-5 4-2-1 4-2-2 4-2-3 4-2-4 36

4-2-1 A A 0.16 0.14 0.22 0.26 0.78 6 6 15 14 41 38 / 40 / 69 / 55 / 4-2-2 B B 0.16 0.10 0.16 0.18 0.60 6 7 13 22 48 36 / 69 / 79 / 123 / 4-2-3 C C 0.12 0.14 0.22 0.22 0.64 9 11 27 21 68 78 / 79 / 124 / 132 / 37

4-2-4 D D 0.20 0.14 0.22 0.20 0.76 10 9 29 26 74 52 / 66 / 132 / 128 / 4-2-1 4-2-2 4-2-3 4-2-4 4-2-1 A A 0.16 0.14 0.22 0.26 0.78 6 6 15 14 41 38 / 40 / 69 / 55 / 4-2-2 B B 0.16 0.1 0.16 0.18 0.60 6 7 13 22 38

48 36 / 69 / 79 / 123 / 4-2-3 C C 0.12 0.14 0.22 0.16 0.64 9 11 27 21 68 78 / 79 / 124 / 132 / 4-2-4 D D 0.2 0.14 0.22 0.2 0.76 10 9 29 26 74 52 / 66 / 132 / 128 / 39

( 4-2-5) 4-2-5 : A 0.16 0.14 0.22 0.26 0.78 B 0.16 0.10 0.16 0.18 0.60 C 0.12 0.14 0.22 0.16 0.64 D 0.20 0.14 0.22 0.20 0.76 0.16 0.13 0.21 0.20 0.70 4-2-5 0.16 0.13 0.21 0.2 0.70 ( 4-2-6) 4-2-6 : A 6 6 15 14 41 B 6 7 13 22 48 C 9 11 27 21 68 40

4-2-6 : ( ) D 10 9 29 26 74 8 8 21 21 58 4-2-6 8 8 21 21 58 ( 4-2-7) 4-2-7 / A 38 40 69 55 B 36 69 79 123 C 78 79 124 132 D 52 66 132 128 51 64 101 110 4-2-7 51 / 64 / 101 / 110 / 41

( ) Ariel Motion Analysis System 4-2-6 4-2-7 4-2-8 4-2-9 42

43

4-2-8 4-2-9 4-2-10 4-2-11 4-2-8 A A 135.89 118.60 161.54 129.60 4-2-9 B B 142.46 126.83 168.55 147.87 44

4-2-10 C C 141.48 121.32 165.13 122.83 4-2-11 D D 127.39 113.34 146.23 113.13 4-2-8 A A 135.89 118.60 161.54 129.60 4-2-9 B B 142.46 126.83 168.55 147.87 4-2-10 C C 141.48 121.32 165.13 122.83 45

4-2-11 D D 127.39 113.34 146.34 113.13 A 118.60 B 126.83 C 121.32 D 113.34 4-2-12 120.02 4-2-12 : A 135.89 118.60 161.54 129.60 B 142.46 126.83 168.55 147.87 C 141.48 121.32 165.13 122.83 D 127.39 113.34 146.23 113.13 136.81 120.02 160.36 128.36 46

A B C D kistler (ASCII CODE) Excel 4-2-10 4-2-11 4-2-12 4-2-13 47

4-2-1 4-2-2 4-2-3 4-2-4 4-2-10 A A 48

60 1.62 1.56 4.44 1.62 56 4.44 49

4-2-11 B B 64 2.72 1.27 4.71 2.72 1.27 4.71 50

4-2-12 C C 51

4-2-15 C : 75 2.34 1.34 4.15 2.34 1.34 4.15 52

4-2-13 4-2-16 98 1.65 1.83 3.82 1.65 1.83 3.82 53

4-2-14 4-2-14 4-2-17 4-2-17 : 1.62 1.56 4.43 6.00 2.72 1.27 4.71 5.97 2.34 1.34 4.15 5.49 1.65 1.83 3.82 5.658 2.08 1.50 4.28 5.78 2.08 1.50 4.28 54

4-2-15 55

4-2-16 N-W=ma W-N=ma m 56

57 1997 x dt dx && 2 2 x dt dx & s δ V h k k=- S mg δ m g 0 OX w 0 2 2 2 = + x dt X d ω --------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 t=0 ( ) s s s g x mg Kx x k mg mx δ ω δ δ = = = + = 2 &&

x = 0 dx x 0 = & dt v x = sinωt ---------------------------------------------------------------- 2 w x = vwcosωt --------------------------------------------------------------- 3. x 2 = vwsin wt = w x ----------------------------------------------------- 4 v 2 X max = X max w v A A= w A V w F=-KX 4 & x& a X A a OX G = ma N 2 N= mg + ma + a = ω A 1981 58

4-2-17 A 59.67 60.59 57.58 45.93 45.93 42.21 85.23 83.12 79.33 4-2-18 : 59.67 45.93 85.23 60.59 45.93 83.12 57.58 42.21 79.33 59

4-2-18 50.39 48.43 51.46 35.07 37.70 35.07 69.58 69.58 68.73 4-2-19 B : 50.39 35.07 69.58 48.43 37.70 69.58 51.46 35.07 68.73 60

4-2-19 79.04 70.83 88.24 49.78 59.84 59.84 91.97 101.95 116.51 4-2-20 : 79.04 49.78 91.97 70.83 59.84 101.95 88.24 59.84 116.51 61

4-2-20 D 71.30 74.25 73.25 51.55 58.02 56.46 91.20 94.02 95.90 4-2-21 : 71.30 51.55 91.20 74.25 58.02 94.02 73.25 56.46 95.90 62

4-2-22 ( ) 65.1 45.58 84.50 63.53 50.37 87.17 67.63 48.40 90.12 4-2-22 65.10 63.53 67.63 45.58 50.37 48.40 84.50 87.17 90.12 63

4-2-23 0.16 0.13 0.21 0.2 8 8 21 21 51 / 64 / 101 / 110 / 136.81 120.02 160.36 128.36 120.02 64

4-2-12 118.60 126.46 121.32 113.34 120.02 113 127 1990 111.5 ( 1994) 113 118 ( 1981) 110 125 1979 110 120 ( 2000) 110 125 65

( ) 4-2-17 2.08 1.50 4.28 66

0.1 0.14 120 105 0.12 0.14 1990 0.2 0.13 0.06 0.19 0.17 0.2 1981 0.12 0.14 67

68

0.13 8 64 / 120.02 113 127 2.08 1.50 4.28 65.10 63.53 67.63 45.58 50.37 48.40 84.50 87.17 90.12 69

, 70

(1997) 117 (1979) 155 (1984) 159 (1979) 77 (1981) 23-29 (1977) 156 (1992) 12 4 (1994), 30 12 32-33 (2000) 21 4 26 (2000 ) 25-27 (1981) 27 9 71

(1999) 1 66 (1999) 1 67 (1977) - 55-56 (1977) 169 1990 160 (1999), 812 (1994), 1 93-97 (1994), 12 34-35 (1979) 158 (1998), 70-71 72

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enhance weightlifting performance: The Olympic program. Strength and Conditioning 18:43-51, 1996. T. Ajan, and L. Baroga. ( 1988). Weightliftin Fitness for all sports. IWF. W. Baumann, V. Gross, K. Quade, P. Galbierz, and A. Schwirtz. (1988). The Snatch Technique of World Class weightlifters at the 1985 World Championships. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 4: 68-89. 74

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