O L Y M P I C S 2008 ()
( CIP ) / :,2006.2 ISBN 7-80702 - 358-9..........G.224 CIP (2006)080160 :8501168mm 1/ 32 : 103.25 :2000 2006 3 1 ISBN 7-80702 - 358-9/ G224 ( 16 ) :358.00
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2008 () 2008 ( ) 2000 : 1993 1, 2000, 2000 5, : 1993 9 23 14 30, 101, 45, 2000,, 32, 30, 7, 37, 9,,, 88 40, 37,, 2000 1
,, 1993 9 24 2 27,, 101 89, 2000 27, 43 45, 2,,,,,,, 2000,,,,,,,,,, 2000, 11 7 2000 2
2008 () 2000,,,,,,,,,,, 1991 12, 2000,,!,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1993 9 18, 10, 101, :, 4 2000, 4 18 2, : 2000,, 2000,, 2000 : 2000 : (), 4
2008 () 15,,, 5000, 3000, 2000,, (),,, 2000, 12.5,, 10 (),,, 3500,,,, () 2000, 1990 1 ;, 7, 2000,, 2000,, 2000,,, ( ),,,, 5
,,,, 1992 4 15,, 2000,,, 2000,,,,,,,,, ;,,, : 9 16 200,,70,, 2000,,,17,200,,,, 6
2008 () 120 200 30 20, 21,,, 200 80 23 : 9 16 266 73 9 17 200 120 9 21 100 60 9 23 200 80 9 19 200 30, 18 24, 80 21, 91 1993 9 20, 101,,,,,, 100,, 9 23,, 40, 7
, 15,, 100 6 4 2,112,, 2000 : 1/ 5,,,,2000, :,,, 2000,,, :, 2004?,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8
2008 (),,?,,,,,,, 101,,,19 101,, 6 40, 101,, : 101,,,,,, 2000,, 9
,,, :,, :,,,, 2000,,, 1990,, 2000,,,,,,,,,,, 14,, 2000,,, 10
2008 (), 2000,,,,,,,,, 2000,,,, 17,, :,, 2000,,, 17,,, 9 20,,,,,,, :,,, 1949, 80% 11
,,,, 5 11,,,,,,,,,,, 1600,,,,,,, 1% 1100,, :,,,,,, :,, :,,,,,,,, 20,,,,, 12
2008 (),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,? 2000,,,,?,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 21, 13
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2008 () : 19,,, 1996 2000 :,, 9 20,,,9 23,, :, 9 23,,,,,,,, 2000 19 12, 101,,,,, 15
,, 2000,,, 2000, 12,,,,,,,, 2000,,, 23 25, 36 41 37 7, 26 4 50 8,,,,,,, 2000 :, 2000, 16
2008 (),,, 1000, 70,, : (), 50, 52 2000, ( ), 55, 2045,,, 2000, 100, 80%, (), 15000 20000 11 36 2000, 200, 7 (),, 24.1 21.1,, 300 2000, 700, 85%, 28% 40%, 2000, () 2000, 34,,, () 25 38 17
65,, 29, 76% 2000,, (), 27,,,,, 101, 19 12,,,,,, 18,, :,,, : 17, 2000,,,,,,, 18
2008 () :, 1994 1996,,, :,, 1996,, :, 89, 2000 : 20, 23 2000,,, 1994 1996 : 19
, 2000, 1996 : 1996,,, 17,,,,,,,,,,, :, 1996, 2000, : :,, 2004 18, ( BOB - SCOTT),, 20
2008 (),,,, :,, 2000,, 17, 645 18,,, 2000, 8.1%, 1986,,, 21,,,,,,, 1996,,, 21
1982,,,,,, : 101,,,,, 2000 2000, 1998 1999 :, 22
2008 (), 2000, 2000, :,, 12 30,, 300 : 1992,,,,, 5,,,,, 2000 : 2000, 1997, 2000 : 2000 23
2000, : 2000,,, : 8,,,,,,,,, : 2000, :,,,,, 1988, 2000,, 24
2008 (), 4,,, 2000,,,,2000,, 2000,, 21 2000, :, 2000, 12 5,, 960 2000,,,,, 2000,,,,, 2000, 25
,,,,,,, 2000,,,,,, 2000,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2000, 26,
2008 (), 21,, :,,, 9, 21 2: 30,, 101 1000, 2000 :,, 2000,,,, :,,,, 11,,,,,,, 27
2000,,, 2000, :,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,, 28
2008 (),,, 1996,, 2004, :,,,, 9, :,? :, 69%,,,,,, :, 69% 2000,31%, :, 2000 91,, 29
,, 9, 69% 2000,31%,, 69% 2000? :,,,, 101 : 1981, :,,, ;, ;, 2000,,!,, 2000,,,, 30
2008 () 2000,,,, 2000,,,, : ; ; ; ; ; ;, :,,,,, 2000,!,, 11 7 : 960 31
,,,, 11,,,,,,,,,, 1,, 2000,,,??,,,,,, 2000,,,, :,,! :,,? 32
2008 () :,, 2000,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 2000,,,,, 2000,, 2000, 33
2000,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, 34
2008 (),,, 2000,,,,,,,, 2000 75 70,,, 300,,,,, 34 550 200 11 60, Cutling cage 2000,,,,,, 35
,,, 2000, ( ) :, :, :, 2000,,,,, 11,, 2000,, 2000, : () 27,,, (),,,, 36
2008 () (),,,,,,! :, 1936,,, :,, 2000!! ( ) ( ) :,, 2000 2000, 9 23 37
, 2000,, 2000 1990,,,,! 1991 2, 2000,, 12 4, 1993 1 2, 10,!? 2000 27 (),,, 5000,,,,, (, ),, 38
2008 (), 11, ( IOC, ),,, (),, 2000 : 2000,,, 1990 6, ; 2000, 2000,, 2000, 98.4%, 2000,, () 2000, :, ( ; ; ),, 39
,, 1964, 70 ; 1986 1988, ; 1992,,, 4050,, 2000,, : 27 2000,, 2000,,,, ;, 21, 2000,,,,,,! 40
2008 () 2000 () :,,, 5000,, ( ),, () 2000, 12,, () IOC :, 25,,, 1992 1996, 2000 (), 1990,,,, 41
, 1990,, 1993 IOC : 76% (, ), 2000, 7 (),,,,, 1993 3 IOC,,,, 2000, 7, IOC, : :,,,,,,,,, :, ( 42
2008 () ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1000, 100,,,,,,,,,,!,, () 2000 27,, ;, 43
() 27, 2000 (), 2000,,, 20,,, ; 1988,,,, 20,, ( Prfirm),,,,, 44
2008 () 9 20 :, 2000, :,, 2000 :2000, 1.5, 90,, 5, 9 23,, 100 2000 23,, 40 12, 90, 79 45
, 66 100,, :,,,, 12 2000,, 2000 :?,, ;, 19,, 46
2008 (),,,,, 23,, 19,, ( 2000 ) ( ), ( ) ( ) 19,,, 2000, ;,,,,,,,, 57,,,,, 1980, 47
:, 2000,,,,, :, 23, 2000, :,, 22 15:30,,,,,,,,, 61%2000, 48
2008 () 7 8 100, 60, 21, 0, 4,,,,,,,, ;,, 23 :,, 21 :, 23,,,, :1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. 1 3, 2, 4,,,,,, 49
22, : 89, 22,,, 22, 22,, ;, 22,,,,, 2000, 1996,,,,,,,,,,,, 96, 50
2008 (),, 22,, 20 8,,,,, :, ;, ;, 3035,,,, ;,,,,,, :, :,, 51
,,,, 2000,,,,,,,,,,, MARYGLEN - HAIG20,,, ;,, :, -,,, :, 21 :, 2000, 52
2008 (),,,,,,,,, 7 :,, 2000, :,, 90 60 :,,,, 2000,,,,, 200,,,,, 20,,,, 53
, :,?, 23,, ( RICHARD- POUND) 23,, 20, ANITADE - FRANTZ,,,,, :, 2000, 7, 19,,,, 54
,,,, :, ;,, 9 20 :, 2000,, 44, 14,,, 2000,, :,? 23 :,,,, 2008 () : 55
,, : 38, 62, 34 26 49 123 12,?,, :,, 1996, :,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, 56,,
2008 (),,! ; ;,, 91 2000 :, 1956,91 1996 100, 2000,,, : ( ),,, 23,, : 57
2000,, 2000,,,, :, 40,,,, 18 : :( ),,, :, 2004 58
2008 () 9 20 : 23 2000 90, 9 20 101 :,,, 2000,, 2000 2000 : 23 23, 90 2000,,,,,,,, 23,,, 59
,, :, 35, 26 38 25 35,,, 18 30 18 35, 18 40,,,, 19, MONACO1930,, 19 8 7, 60
2008 (),,,,, 200, 200,,,,, 80,,,! 19 30 1996,!! 200 20, :, 20 5, 101 20 10, 20 15, 20 17,,, 20 20,,,, 61
,, 20 25,, 20 27 ( 24 2 27 ), 2000 27 101 89 2000, 1896 101, : ( 89 ) :32 :9 7 : 11 :30 ( 89 ) :37, : 9 13 : 30 ( 88 ) : 40 11 : 37 ( 88 ) :43 45,,, 2! 2 2000 62
2008 (),, 2000,, :,!,,, ;,,,, ;,,, :, 2000,,,,,, :? : 2000, 1991 2,, 63
,,, 2000,,,,,,, 72,, 1980, 1989, :, 91, 1980 90,,, 101 89 : 2000 : ( ) ( ) ( ),,,,,, 90, 26 ; 25 ; 10 ; 7 ; 64
2008 () 7 ; 5 ; 4 ; 2 ; 2 ; 1 ; 1,, 35 ;,84 : 4 4.39% 3 3.29% 14 15.38% 16 17.58% 16 17.58% 8 8.79% 30 32.96% 101,,,,,, 1996,,,,,,,,,,, 65
11.00,,, 9 23 2 30 3 25,,,,,,,,,, 2000 11,,,, ( ), 2000, 101, :, :,!,,,,! 66
2008 () :, 1992,,,, :,, 1996,, 1996 :,, 27 2000,,, 2000 1991 2 22 1000, 2000 27 2 26 67
27, 2 28 2000 27 3 18 2000,,, 52 3 30 115, 2000, 4 1 : 4 9 :,, 6 16 68 4
2008 (),, 14000, : 12 63% 2000 6 16 97, 1998, 6 26 2000 7 26 2000, 1, 3 12 1 2000, 12 4, 2000 1992 2 8 16, 4 16 69
: 8 2000 27 : 5 23 2000,, 6 23, 2000,, 7 8 2000, 6,,,,,, 7 11,,,,,,, 7 25, 25, 2000 70
2008 (),,,, 11 4,, 2000, 11 6, 11 2000, 2000, 6 : ; ; ; ; ; 11 27 2000 2000, 150 11 30,, 1993 1 11 71
,,, 1 20 25 2000, 1 23 2000 2 5 2000,,,, 2 28, 2000, 2000 11 3 6 12,, 3 15 72 2000
2008 () 3 18 2000, 5 8, : 2000 5 9, 14 5 10,, 6 18 2000, 6 19 2000,, 6 21 73
2000, 98.7% 2000 6 23 100,, 2000, 2000,, 11 5, ( ), 6 30, 2000 11 7 10 8 2000 6,,,,, 74
2008 () 7 27 7 26, 2000,,, 7 29, 2000,,, 2000 8 12 2000, 2000 5, : 8 31 67, (, 16, 1996, 1993 ) : 1993 9 22, 2000, 35000 75
1993 9, 2000 27 101 1.92,,,, : :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 76
2008 (), :,,?, ;,, ; ( ),, (, 1993, ) : 1993,,,,,,,,,,, 1993,, 77
,, 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (,,, 1984, 1993, ) : 1990, 98 ( 26 ) 60, 11,,,,,,,,,,,,, 78
2008 (),,, 2000,,, 17 3, 0 3,,,,,,, 4,,, 2000,,,,,,,,, 70,,,,,, 79
,,, 2008,,, 2008,,, :,,,, ;,, ;, ; 80
2008 (),,,,,,,,,,,, 2008,,,,,,,,,,,, 2008 81
2008,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2008,, 7,,,,?,,,,,,,,, 82
2008 () 10 :,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; 2008 83
;,,, 2008,,,, 7,,,2007,, 6 5, 1800,,,,,,,,, ;,, 2008,,,,,, 84
2008 (),,,, 7,,,, 2008,,,,,,,, 2008,,,,,,, BeiJing,, 1978, ; 2008, 19782008,, 30 85
, 2600, 2008 6000, : 1978 GDP 108.84 ;1988, 410.22 ; 1998 2011.31 ;2008 1988 3.4, ;1992,, 20 ; 1996 6 (1991 1997 ) 51 ; 2000 7,, 200,,, 2008, 30, :,,,, :,, ;,, 86,,
2008 () :, 2008, :,,!,,,,,,, 2008? :,, 7, :, 87
,,, 2008,,,,,,, 21,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 88
2008 () :,?,,, :,,,,,,,,,, 2008, :,,,,,,,,, 89
,,,,,,,, 2008,, 2008,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;, ( ) 90
2008 ()?,,,,,,, 2008,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, ;,,, 91
,,,,,,,, WTO,,,,,,, 92
2008 (),, ( )!,!,,! : 2008,,,,, Hip - Pop( ) : 2008,, :,,, 93
, :,,, : 1990,,,,,, :,,,, : 7,,,,, :,,, 1-2,, 94 :,
2008 () 2000 : (New Beijing, Great Olympics) http:/ / www.beijing - Olympic.org.cn : 2000 2 1 2 24 / 3 8 9 9 2001 1 2001 1 1 2, 2 4 5 7, : :,,,,,,, 95
,,, FM365 E 2008,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,,, 70%,,, 96
2008 (),,, :, :,,,,, 1/ 5,,,,,,, : :,,,,,, ;,, 1954 4 7 1.74, 63, 2008,,,,,, 97
(1973.2.6),, 5, 1983, 1988 1995 1996, 1997 11,, 2000 11, ( ) 1989, 40,, ; ;, 1991, 41,, ; ;, 1983, 42,,, ;, 1995 5, 43,,, ; ;, ;, 1997 4, 44,, 1992, ;, 1996 7 29, 26 98
2008 (),, ; 7 31,,, 4,,,,, 1965 12 31,,, 1985,,,,,, 1989 1990,,, 1992,,, 49, 1979,, 5 8 13 99
1984,,8, 13 20 90,,,,,,,, 2000 12, 1981.6.11, 5, 1993 12 1998 7, 1995 9,, 74.412 2 1995 10, 3, ; 1998 ABC 20/ 20, 1999, 1999 4, 100
2008 () 1970,, : 1000, 5,,,,,,, 1 11 : 2008,, 2000 4 29,,, 2000 6 18,, 22 6 19, 2008,,,, 101
,,,, 18, 596 17 : : ; ; ; ; ; : ; ; ; ; : ; ; ; ; ; ;,,, 70, 28, 169,, 2008,, 2000, 7,, 200, 12, 102
2008 (), 20,,,, 70,, 252 2001 5 15, 5 (),,,,,,, 95% 2008 ;, 96% (), : 1. (1998 2007 ) 122 ( 36 ), 20, 2. 14 760 103
,,, 1.18,,,,, ( ),, 9,,,,,,,,,, (), : :, 5,,,,, 142.56 104
2008 (),,,,,, (),,,, 42%, 1.5 (),,,,,,, 2006 105
, 1. :,,,,,, 2. :,, 3. :, -, 4. :,,, (), 19, 12,, 106
2008 (),,,,,, (),, 8.5, 2008, 13,,, 6%, 2008,, (),,,,, () 107
,, 7,, 37,, 53% 20, 30,,,, 1200, 2008 (),,,, 2008,,,,,,,, ( ),, 108
2008 () 2000,,,,,,,,,,, 2008,,,,,, ( ), 109
(2000-08 - 30) 1999 8 28,, 2008,?,, ;, 3, 1998, ;, 1999, 2008, 2.5 ;, 2004, ;,, ;,, ;, ;, ; ; 1996 ; 1976 1988 ; 110
2008 () 1976 21, ; 2012, 1999 2, ;,, ;,, ; ; ; ; ;, ;,, ; 2004,, 2008 29, 5,,,, 111
,,,, 1993, ( ) 2000,, :,,,,, 2008,,, :,,,, 2000 3,,,,, 1999 12, ( ), :, 2008 112
2008 () 1998 : 11 25 2008 1999 : 1 6, 2008 4 7 2008 9 6 2008, 2008 2000 : 2 1, (: New Beijing, Great 01ympics),, 2 2, 2 1, 10 2008 10 : 2 24 2008, 6 113
22 :,, 3 10 :,,,, :, ()5 4,, 5 8 : 2008,,, 6 19, 50 8 28, 2008 4 5 2008 9 9, 2008 9 13 111, 10 3, 28 16 114
2008 () 15 10 3,, 2008, 10 16,, 12 25, 28 10 27 5 2008 20 12 13 2008, 2008, 2008 2001 : 1 1,,,, 1 1 138 115
1 14, 1 17 5 2008 2 2, ( ), 94.9%, 2 6, 2008,,,, 2 21 24 17, 4 24, 2 4 3 30 2008,,,, 2008,, 4 4 7 13 2008 100, 4 4 116
2008 (), 7 :4 ; 5, ;6 5 7,, 11,,,,,,,,, 5 8,, 200, 6 20 5 15 15 18, 15 14, 2008 5, 2008,2008, 117
,, 2008, 2008 6 12, 2008 13, 2008,,, 6 16, 8 35,,, 29 6 19 40,,,, 2008, 6 23 623,,, 3 118
2008 () 6 23,, 2008,,,, 7 12 2008 5 112 2008,, :, 13, 2008 7 12 112 2008, 112, 21 119
, 7 13,,,,,, 2008 7 13 22 11,, 56 2008 29 2 20 25,,,,, 4, 17,,,, 17,,,,,, 17, 6 120
2008 (),,,, 20,,, 2008,,,, 2008,,,,, :,,,,, 24, 24,,,,,,, 7 40, 121
,,,,,,, 85%, 45%,,, 80%, 100,, 2001 2007, 471, 2556, 94, 10, 1000 30 1800, 48, 12 ; 86.4 ; 42.15 ; 750, 12,,,,, 4,,, 122
2008 (),,,,,,,,,,,, 1896,,, 2,,, :,,,,, :,,,,,, 123
,,,,,, 94%,,,,,, 5,,,,,,,,,,, 124
2008 (), 2008,, 2007, 45%,,,, : ; ; ; 2003,2005,2005, 2008,,,,,,, 125
:2008 ; ; ; ; ; ( ) ; ; ; ;,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2008 :,,,,,, 122 2008, 126
2008 () 2000,, 2007 122, 20, 3 2008,, 180 235 5, 8 50, 16,,,, ISO14001, 2008,,, 2008,,,,, ; 127
; ; ;, 20, 19982002 56, 2003 2007 66 : 20, 2008 ( SEA) ( EIA), ( EMP ) 10,,,,, 50,,, 128
2008 () 1998, 36,,, 30%,,, 2008,,, 1999 2007, 60% 60% 40%, 2008 90% 70% 130, 2008 266 : 986 1950 130,,,, 2008, 30%, 50%, 50% 129
1999 108, 2008 280, 90%, 50%,,,, 2007, 5,,,, 2005 : 23000 ; 12000 40% 50% 760 3800,,,,,,, ;, ;, ; 130
2008 (),,, 400 :,,, :, 20% 1.25, 2008 10.70 80% 90%, 90%, 100 160,,, 6,, 131
ISO14000,,,, 10,7 25 8 10, 24.5 26.1 ; 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1985,,, 8, 2000, 132
2008 (),,,1994,, :,,, ;, ;,, ;,,,,,, 110000,,,,,, 1992,, 1992,,,, 133
,,,,,,, 2008,,,? 2008,,,, ( ), WTO,, 2008,, : 134
2008 (),,, 2008,,,,,,,,,,, 1984,,,, 1976 14 1984,,,,, 1992 1996 2000,,, 2008, 135
,,,,,,, 2008,,,,, 3,, WTO,,,,,,, 17, 2008, 5, 1800,, 1800 142, 900, ; 450, ; 300,, ; 150 136
2008 (),,,,,,, 2008, 1800,,,,,,,, 1968,, 1972,,,,, 23, 1932 10 ;, ;, 137
2000, 5, 11,,,, 4400, 12500,,, ( 2008) ( 2008) ( 2008),,,, 2008, 2008, 863,,,,,,, 138
2008 (),,, 2008,, : 5,,,, 2007,, 90%, 100%,, 2008 37 59, 32,, 21,,,,,,,, 139
,,,,, 21,,,,,, GPS,,,,, DVR,,,, 21,,, ; 140
2008 (),,,,,,,, 3S ( ITS),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 141
,,,,, 2008,, 1.2 2000,, 2008,,,, 2008,,,2008,,,, 3G, PDA, 142
2008 (),2008, 2008, 2008, ;,,, 1999,,,,, 2008,, ; ; ; ; ; 17 40G,, 20 SOHO,, 2008 143
,, 1000, ;,,,,,,,,, 5 1600,,,, ;, ; ;,, 10,,, 144
2008 (),,,,,,,, 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 145
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 146
2008 (),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,, (,, ),,, 147
, : (),,,,,,,,, (),,,,, (),,, (),,,,,,,,,,,, 8,,,, 148
2008 () (),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 149
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 150