21
1 XU YAN 21 20 50 60 physical distribution PD logistics 20 80
2
1 QIAN YAN 21
MU LU 3 4 9 14 17 19 1 20 21 28 30 33 34 35 47 51 56 61 62
64 72 77 81 85 87 89 90 94 103 105 2 107 108 110 116 121 124 129 130 131 134 143 146 147 148 152 159 163 164
165 170 174 176 177 178 179 182 185 188 190 195 196 201 3 217 219 220 221 226 236 239 243 244 245 252 255
256 257 262 266 268 269 270 274 282 284 286 291 4
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 3 2005 600 1405 1433 28 7 30
4 1. 2.
5 3. 4. 5. 6. 50%
6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1.
7 2. 1 2 3 4 3.
8 4. 200 km 700 ~ 1 000 km 5.
9 6. 7. 8. 9.
10 1. 2. 3. 1999 59. 57% 1 /3 4.
11 Chow 1999Armstrong 2000a Inbound Logistics 2000 1 1 1 1
12 21 1 1 1 1 20 50 20 50 20 60 20 70 20 80 20 90 21 CLM 1963 1985
13 21 80 CLM 10 5 / 2005 CSCM /
14 1994 1997 1997 2000 2000 1994
15 4 1996 1995 1995 TCL 1994
16 SOP GMP 1997 Internet / Intranet 1 000 1999 10 15 15 70 8 ~ 10
17 2002 IBM 1.
18 2. 3. A. B. C. D. 1. A. B. C. D. 2. A. B. C. D. 1. 2.
1. 2. 5 3. 4. 19 1961 4 27 40 500 2 000 150 1 200 1993 2 16 300
20 35% ~ 50% 4% ~ 10%
economy of scale economy of distance 1 000 km 500 km 21 2 1
2 1 6 4 3 1 2 5 2 5 4 3 6 4 3 5 2 1 6 4 2 3 5 4 1 2 1 3 3 4 5 3 1 4 5 2 6 4 5 2 1 6 3 4 5 2 1 6 3 4 5 2 1 6 3 22 3 6 4 5 2 1 2 1
23 1 2 0. 25 3 4 5 6 7 8 5 1 36 ~ 1 30 20 60
24 1 160 km/h 300 80 km/h 2 3 1 800 t 5 500 t 1 t 4 1 /20 1 /128 1 /7 1 /18 5 1 1 km 400 120 ~ 150 t 2 50 km
25 3 100 t 1. 2. 3.
26 4. 1 2 3 1. 1 1 t 2 3 2. 1
27 2 3 4 90% 1 2 1 2 95% 3 4
28 5 1. 2. 3.
29 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
5 30
20 57% 5 25% 20 80 90 31 2011 1. 227 1999 5 900 1999 2011 7. 2% 6. 3% 1999 46. 4% 2011 51. 5% 40% 44. 1% 2006 8 000 2011 12 000 2011 3 500 950 30 9 000 ~ 13 000
32 9 000 ~ 13 000 2011 870 3 000 127 9 000 ~ 13 000 1999 2 600 2011 6 400 28% 30% JANJUNGRELEPAS 1999 9 400 2006 1. 55 2011 2. 16 7. 2% 2006 2011 12% 40% 12% 1999 380 2011 1 460 790 55% 8. 3% 14% 1999 2011 10% 9. 4% 2011 1 350 2011 600 1999 43% 1 088 10 2011 434 10 160 124
43 88 41 1. 2. 3. 5 A. B. C. D. A. B. C. 1. 2. D. 33
1. 2. 3. 34
35 governmental regulation economic regulation social regulation WTO
36 1. 1993 7 1 300 km 1 356 km 2. 2002 1 1
37 49% 49% 3 50% 1 4 80 20 1. 2.
38 3.
1984 2 1984 27 1985 39 1988 1992 2. 91 tkm 60. 9% 1978 32% 21%
40 1989 4 1994 1995 20 1999 30 1994 1994 1998 5 1994 29. 107 1 1995 64. 127 6 1996
13. 796 7 1997 26. 135 7 1998 2 545 1993 32 1994 35. 5 1995 62. 4 1996 18 1997 37. 6 1998 20 1994 1998 5 173. 5 1999 5 2004 41 1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 42 1. 1986 74 56% 30 70%
43 2. 3. 4. 5.
3. 6 1 000 44 2005 3 8 25% 1. WTO 2003 GDP 1 000 2004 1 10 70% 200 t 1 2. 0. 7%
45 800 km 3. GDP WTO 2001 11 11 WTO
46 20 WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO 1. WTO 1 3 3 6 2. WTO 1 4 1 5 2 2 3. 50% 49% 2 4 4. 3
47 50% 50% 50% 3 1949 1990 1997 20
48 1. 1991 1991 1989 2. 1998 1988 1994 1996 1997 1998 1999 2001 3. 1987 1987 1983 1986 1954 1988 1994 1997 4. 1996
1996 5. 1993 2002 2002 12 25 2003 3 1 1995 49 1992 1997 2002 1.
50 1954 2. 3. WTO
51
52 19 19 20 20 80 20 80 23 23 49 49 1940 1967 1980 1916 1920 1936 1954 1970 1998 20 80
90 1984 1998 1997 ~ 2002 TITLE 49 TITLE 49 53 TITLE 46 TITLE 46
54 40 150 20 60 1. 1949 2. 20 60 1966 20 90
3. 1989 1998 1999 1997 55 4. 1997 4 2001 7
56 1. 2. 1. km 1 356 km A. 200 B. 300 C. 400 D. 500 2. A. B. C. D. 3. A. B. C. D. 1. A. B. C. D.
2. 2004 A. B. C. D. 57
58
59
60
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 61 2005 5 1 228 1 166 1 074 916 861 20 TEU 5 393 375 298 247 225
62 50 t 5 40 2001 54. 6% 6% 4 1
63 4 1 1. 2. 1 liner shipping 2 tramp shipping
charter party 64 11 18 19 19 100 liner shipping liner service liner service schedule
65 1. canvassion service contract 2. booking memo space book
66 CIF FOB home booking 3.
67 mislanded over landed short landed
68 duly endorsed 1 2
69 3 4 5 optional cargo 24 48 booking note B/N 4 2
70 4 2 shipping order S/O
4 3 71 4 3
bill of lading B/L 203 11 3 72 spot market liquid bulk cargo dry bulk cargo charter period
20 70 COA quantity contract /volume contract a number of years a naked ship 73
74 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 1 1. 5 7. fixture note NOR 8. 75 1. 2. 1 2 3 4 5
1 SHIPPER CONSIGNEE NOTIFY PARTYPORT OF RECEIPTMARKS & NOS QUANTITY DESCRIPTION OF GOODS GROSS WEIGHT MEASUREMENT 2 76 1. 2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 3. 1 2
77 3 1 1 2 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 1 2 SHIPPED ON BOARD SHIPPED ON BOARD 3
78 1969 100 km 6 t 2 /3 5 10 1. 3 50 TEU 100 TEU 10% 30%
3 km 2 km 31 1830 1878 1907 4 ~ 5 ft 1 = 30. 48 cm 6 ft 1930 ~ 1940 9 ft 9 ft 300 ft1825 79 43 km 1 000 km 15 1 000 km 2 12 8 km 2 546 km 157 km
80 1972 80 1996 1978 1995 83 TEU 26. 4% 1991 1995 47. 2% 20 80 1986 100 6 90 10 90 t 40 TEU 1999 9 300 11 458 TUE 115 TEU 1. 2002 30 52 20 80
2001 22 4 4 6 55 m 2 4 3 20 15. 4 m 2 CFS 1 m 2 30 2001 4 3 2. 5 2 52 TEU 2. 81 395 3 100 t 5 000 26 8 84 51 4 189 m 3 093 m 85 226 17 499. 58 m 2 303 3 km 5. 9 TEU 70% 2000 1 737. 8 t 28 t
20 90 GDP 82 2003 70% 2 /3 30% 1995 1. 25 t 2003 2. 77 t 2010 ~ 2020 20 ~ 26 t 5 000 t2010 4 t 7 ~ 8 t 1993 2003 2. 5 t 9 112 t 35% 2004 1 t 2010 2020 1. 6 t 2. 5 t 50% 58%
2003 1. 5 t 31. 4% 2004 1. 027 t 40. 1% 2010 2. 5 t 1. 10 83 20 6 ~ 10 8 000 TEU 2.
84 3. 4.
85 6. 7 km 400 km 2. 5 km 2015 38% 1995 50% 10 30%
86 2001 9 12 2010 TEN 3 2001 20 70 20 3 898 km 4 387 km 8 568 km 4. 25 t 24%
87 ⒈
88 2. 1. A. B. C. D. 2. A. B. C. D. A. B. C. D. 1. 2. 3. 4.
1. 2. 3. 4. 89 1956 9: 1 87. 6% 8 km 1 km
90 3 t 3 t 1 2 3 4 5
1. 8 km 91 20 70 2. 40% ~ 80% 2 ~ 3 4. 5 80%
92 1. OECD 1987 60% 60% 5 90% 3 81% 98% 5 5 1. 4 2. TNT 40 3.
4. GPS EDI 5. 4 530 kg 93 1988 ICC 670 270 40% 87% 80% 80% 1 000 50% 80% 6. 90%
94 1936 57% 1974 24% 2000 15% 85% 700 2 /3 800 km 30% ~ 50% 30% ~ 40% 20% ~ 30% 7. 20 70 95% 1 L 3 km 80 ~ 100 km 20 80 20
95 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. 1 2 3 4 1
96 2 3 2. 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 1 2 3 4 3 3. 4. 5.
97 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 1.
98 2. 1 2 3 4 5 6
99 1. 1 2 3 2. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3
100 4 5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5
101 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4
102 1 2 40%
corridor 103 1956 14. 63 m 18. 14 m 22. 86 m75 ft 8 lb 1 = 453. 592 g 36 t 12 000 lb 17 000 lb 10% 40% 20% 20% 1
5 1 0. 5% ~ 2. 0% 12% ~ 27% 1. 0% 34% 1. 5% 30% 1. 0% 20% 11. 9% 32% 1. 4% 13% 1. 0% 29% 104 5 1 2. 0% 12% 34% 20% 22 6 4 8 10 15 40 secondary road 7 007
105 1. 2.
106 A. B. C. D. A. B. C. D. 1. 2. 3.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 107 2020 60% 4 2000 GDP 7% 0. 6 2020 40 t
108 16 19 19 1. 20 50 70 2. 3.
1 109 2 t 3 m 3 9 m 0. 02 m 3 10 kg 300 1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 110 locomotive 1. freight cars grouped by type of cars cold storage cars tank cars 20 t 25 ~ 40 t 50 t 60 t 65 t 75 t 90 t 60 t
111 2. mark of car 1 2 P64A 64A P62 3319324 3 4 5 6 m 3 7 11 m = m /11m 8 MC 1
112 2 3 4 5 6 3 7 8 9 10
113
114 30 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4
115 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
116 20 1 m 3 1. 1 2 1 2 3 4 2. 1 20 t 20 ft 40 ft 2 5 t 1 t 3
5 ~ 20 t 5 t 10 t 3. 4. 1 2 3 117 4 5 6 1
118 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
119 1 2 3
120 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 1 2 3
6 1 121 6 1 1 2 3 4
5 122 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ~ 11 9 ~ 11 9 10 11
12 100 13 14 12 15 13 16 17 18 19 P 123 P 20 21 22 23 24 27 ~ 30 31 32
L/C 124
125 20 80
126 1997
127 1. 2. 3. 4.
128
1. 2. 1. A. B. C. D. 2. m 3 129 10 km 300 A. 20 B. 2 C. 0. 2 D. 0. 02 A. 2 t B. 3 m 3 C. 9 m D. A B C
1. 2. 3. 4. 130 1903 12 17 Wright 20 1 800 90 866 11% 20 200 A380
1 1903 ~ 1937 2 1938 ~ 1957 3 1958 ~ 1977 4 1978 ~ 1997 5 1997 ~ 1978 The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 131 1. 1949 4 1949 ~ 1957 1958 ~ 1965 1966 ~ 1976 1977 20
132 20 90 2. 1975 23 1987 1999 2 1 0. 04 0. 44% 1 /4 1998 1 ICAO 7
133 2 20 80 3 4 5 20 40 70 80 90 6 911 7 20 21 8
134 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3
135 SHIPPERS LETTER OF INSTRUCTION 999 1 2 3 4 5 1.
2. 3. 136 1. FOB FOB FOB AIRPORT 1 2 3 4 5 24 6 7 8 9 2. CIF C&F 1 CIF C&F 2CIF C&F 3
137 4 2000 FOB CIF CFR FOB FCA CIF CFR CIPCPT 1 2 3 1 2 1929 AIR CONSIGNMENT NOTE ACN
138 1955 AIR WAY BILL 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3
139 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 7 1 1 ~ 9 1 2 3 4
140 7 1
141 7 1 2 3
250 142 7 1955 7 14 14 21
20 70 143 2005 4 6 UPS FedEx 2004 12 2005 12 11 30% ~ 40% 2004
144 276. 7 t 26. 3% 300 t 50 20% 10% 20 31% 6 3 1 FedEx 6 4 6 UPS 6 1 1 9 TNT 3 5 2 TNT 2010 25 100 325 m 2 2 500 1 000 DHL 2004 5 DHL EMS DHL 5 2. 15 4 14 3 16 2004 12 UPS 1 2005 1 1 UPS 5 2006 23 200 UPS UPS
2003 TNT TNT 1999 FedEx DHL 2003 2 DHL 5 800 5% 50 UPS UPS 145 UPS UPS UPS UPS 20 ~ 30 4 500 1 = 666. 67 m 2
UPS 2007 2004 8 DHL 1 DHL 4 DHL 146 1. 20
1. 2. 3. 4. 147 4 000 km 35 1 016 mm 1 100 km 98% 100 1850 20 50
148 200 19 1861 57 km1880 1893 100 mm 2 158 km 2 745 km 200 km 1970 11 30 500 t 1: 1
20 90 2000 67% 30% ~ 50% 10% ~ 30% 20 80 10 2000 9 212 km 151 km 2 127 km 156 km 149 1. 1 847. 4 km 1 347. 5 km 53. 5% 3 399. 6 km 1965 1972
150 1974 1975 1978 1979 2 718. 2 km 50 1958 1958 12 4 102. 7 km 2. 2 000 t 6 7. 98. 910. 510. 7 X60 718 km 2 000 ~ 3 000 t 1 800 t / 2 000 t / 1. 1997 9 10 918. 42 km 6. 4 MPa 13. 2 m 3 3 22 3 3 5 230 21 131 2000 1 6 118. 5 km 500 m 3 6 m 3 1995 9 26 1996 9 30
1997 3 10 301. 6 km 6 6 79 310. 78 km 1996 305. 23 m 3 1996 20 5 000 m 3 1995 7 1 1996 8 16 302. 15 km 1985 4 1 1986 4 28 8 7 361. 89 km 5. 1 6 m 3 4 38 92 T4500 2. 151 2005 2007 LNG 327 km 12 2005 700 km 2008 136 km
152 1. 1973 1977 10 1 080 km 25 t 4 5 1995 246 km1999 185 km 2000 10 22 1 200 km 2. 500 ~ 700 mm 2 000 km e-business
ADAC 1 000 e-business 153 pneumatic pipeline slurry pipeline /hydraulic transport capsule pipeline 20 1853 1865 Siemens & Halske Company 65 mm 297 km 100 1971
1981 1 km 2 km ASCE 21 154 100 km Black Mesa 438 km 456 mm 460 t 1970 pneumatic capsule pipeline PCP hydraulic capsule pipelinehcp
PCP 8 1 8 2 PCP 10 m/s HCP 2 m/s PCP HCP PCP 8 1 PCP 155 8 2 PCP 19 20 20 60 450 mm 36 km/h
156 1976 16 1927 Mail Rail 2. 74 m 1 t 60 km/h 1 000 mm Transprogress 1 220 mm Tubexpress 1972 1983 200 t 8 1 8 2 Somitomo 50 ~ 70 m Tokyo L-net CPRC 11M CargoCap UFTS D. Stein 1998 CargoCap 2 m 2. 0 m
8 3 36 km/h 157 8 3 CargoCap 2002 Stein 80 km
158 1 2 3 4 5 GPS 6 Ruhr University Bochum University of Missouri-Columbia Delft University Kyoto University ISUFTInternational Symposium for Underground Freight Transportation by Capsule Pipelines and other Tube / Tunnel Systems 3
100 21 159
160 1 /3 20 36% 2 /3 911 1997 92 t 2000 102. 59 t 2002 104. 59 t 7. 4% 2001 80 70 5 150 1 /4 40 35% 10% 5 ~ 7 911
911 16% 2005 20% 2015 25% 2002 7 9 10 10 10 2003 7 5 5 161 2003 100 5 200 37 1 080 km 9 2004 30 25 3 20
162 5 85% 1. 17 2001 9 000 20 90 9 11 3 4 18 2002 1 001 km 2 3 2007 35% 2003 7 50% ~ 70%
1. 2. 1. 2. 163
1. 2. 3. 4. 164
1. 165 3. 5 m 3 m 2. 14 m 18 m 12 m 3. 20 t 60 t 20 1
166 2 3 20 80 10 m
10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 瑏瑠 GB122681990 1. 167 1 2 3 2.
168 3. 45 4. 5. 6. 7. 1 2 3 4 5 8.
169 9. 10. α β γ 1. 2. 13 1 2
170 3
171 1
172 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5
173-10 ~ - 20 16-1
174 JUMBO
JUMBO 30 JUMBO 11 1 000 t 1 600 t JUMBO JUMBO JUMBO 2001 5 65 000 m 3 46. 5 28 12 40 ft 4 40 ft 3 40 ft 885 m 3 2001 6 17 20 1 844 TEU 6 915. 38 2002 1 468 TEU 1. 2. 175
176 1. 2. 3. A. B. C. D. A. B. C. D. E. 1. 2. 3. 4.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 177 7. 8. 20 60 80
178
179 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1988 2004
3. 42 km 2003 29 745 km 10 1 20 24 860 km 10 1 2003 km 4 237 499 517 1 681 1 211 329 2 592 1 637 542 413 180 9 537 240 2 004 1 438 1 070 727 1 040 3 018 7 649 1 418 1 074 1 218 2 303 1 011 625 3 478 590 1 501 323 1 064 2 261 844 342 118 526 431 24 335 km2003 19 301 km79. 3% 2010 60%
20 80 1 2 3 4 5 1995 2000 2000 1995 3. 9% 55% 58. 7% 45. 2% 40. 4% 39. 1% 1998 ~ 2002 62. 76% 13. 95% 181 2003 4 4951. 89 t 33 777. 9 t 30 005. 63 t 88. 8% 23. 1%
182 90% 1978 21 2003 35. 30% 2004 1 6 130 tkm 102. 5
tkm 1 2 t 3 t 10 1 405 km 2003 1. 66 t 331. 5 tkm 1. 5 1 000 tkm 1 /4 1 /5 3 10 2 4 100 tkm 0. 35 1. 15 5. 01 183 1. 960 km 2 2003 1. 5 t 2010 2. 5 t 2004 8 7 600 t 40%
184 2. 3.
185
186 5 400 km 5 200 km 20 90 1. 800 ~
1 000 km 2 000 km 500 ~ 700 km 2003 2002 13. 80 t 8. 19 t 59. 35% 80% 2020 30 t 187 2. 20
188 6 300 km 3 600 11
5. 8 km 2 813 km 30% 80% 50 90 800 km 5 1. 6% 0. 8% 1 000 t 5. 5% 68% 26 1998 2. 2 m 3 189 20 2020 160
20 300 200 200 2003 70 128 49 2 956 190 1. 2. 3. 4.
A. B. C. D. 1. A. B. C. D. 2. A. B. C. D. 1. 2. 191
192
193
194
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 195 1956 4 T 2 16 T 2 1 /11 1957 10 C 2 1960 4 SEA-LAND
196 20 50 21 20 70 WTO 11 1
11 1 1 197 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 11 1 198 full container cargo load FCL less than container cargo load LCL 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 3 1. 2. 3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 199
DOOR container freight station CFS container yard CY 11 2 200 11 2 Door to Door Door to CFS Door to CY
CFS to Door CFS to CFS CFS to CY CY to Door 201 CY to CFS CY to CY 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 202 B/L No. 1. SHIPPER 2. CONSIGNEE TO ORDERTO ORDER OF XXX TO ORDER 3. NOTIFY PARTY TO ORDER
203 11 3
204 4. PRE CARRIAGE BY 5. PLACE OF RECEIPT 6. OCEAN VESSEL & VOYAGE TO BE NAMEDXXX OR HER SUBSTITUTE 7. PORT OF LOADING OCEAN VESSEL 8. PLACE OF DISCHARGE 9. PLACE OF DELIVERY 1 2 1 2 10. 11. 1 MARKS & NO. CONTAINER /SEAL NO. SEAL NUMBER NOT NOTED BY SHIPPER 2 NO. OF CONTAINERS OR PACKAGES
DESCRIPTION OF GOODS DESCRIPTION OF GOODS STC STC SAID TO CONTAIN 6 10 ft IX20RDCDESCRIPTION OF GOODS STC 6 CASES MACHINERY 3 DESCRIPTION OF GOODS QUANTITY AND DESCRIPTION OF GOODS AS PER ATTACHED SCHEDULE 4GROSS WEIGHT KGS 5MEASUREMENT m 3 12. TOTAL NO. OF PACKAGES OR CONTAINERS Five 205 Containers Fifteen Packages Only 13. FREIGHT & CHARGES 15 1 DECLARED VALUE CHARGES 2 MT CBM PC TEU/FEU 20 /40 TEU/ FEU 20FT/40FT 10 10FT DC 10 10 3 OCEAN FREIGHT BAF CAF THC INLAND HAULAGE 4 UNIT MT CBM 5 OPTIONAL DECLARED VALUE
206 14. PREPAID/COLLECT PREPAID COLLECT 15. PREPAID AT 16. PAYABLE AT 17. TOTAL PREPAID 18. LADEN ON BOARD THE VESSEL 19. NO. OF ORIGINAL BS/L 20. PLACE AND DATE OF ISSUE 21. SIGNED FOR THE CARRIER 11 21 10 20 1. 1 FCLFCL CYCY SHIPPERS LOAD COUNT AND SEAL CONTENTS UNKNOWN
DOORDOOR CY DOOR DOORCY 2 LCLLCL CFSCFS LCLFCL/CFSCY FCLLCL/CYCFS SHIPPERS LOAD COUNT AND SEAL CONTENTS UNKNOWN FCL LCL 2. 207 1 25 THE SHIPMENT EFFEDTED ON BOARD AN OCEAN VESSEL BEING ACCEPTED BY ILU INSTITUTION CLASSIFICATION CLAUSE 2 FINAL DESTINATION FINAL DESTINATION OF THE GOODSXXXFOR MERCHANTS REFERENCE ONLY 3 CY/FO CY/LINER OUT 4 3.
208 SET ATXX + / - 2 4. SHIPPED ON BOARD B/L RECEIVED FOR SHIPMENT B/L Shipped on Board 23 May 1997 Received for Shipment 20 May 1997 5. 1 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
for the account of on behalf of 2 1 FMC 2 3 4 for the account of on behalf of 3 209 1.
210 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 1. 2.
211 1 2 3 1. 2. 1 2 3 1
2 150% CIF 3 4 5 / 212 1. 2. 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 3 ~ 6 7 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 1. NON-VESSEL OPERATING COMMON CARRIER HOUSE B/L 2. 1 NVOCC / 213 2 3 MEMO B/L XXX HOUSEB/L NO. / 4 SHIPPER 5 SERVICE CONTRACT 6
214 1. 1 2 3 4 5 2. 1 2 3 4 1. 1 2 3 2. 1 TELEX RELEASE
1 2 2 3. 1 1 TO ORDER B/L 215 / / CIF 200% 130% 1 2 3 4
216 / 2 STRAIGHT B/L TO ORDER 2 3 200% 4. TO ORDER TO ORDER OF XXX XXX XXX 1 2 3 4
217 1 2 COMPANY L/G 3 4 1. 1 2 2. 3.
218 WAY BILL-W/B NON-NEGOTIABLE / TO ORDERTO ORDER OF XXX 1 2 3 REMARK ISSUE SEA WAYBILL EDI 4 5 EDI 6 1 2
/EDI 3 / 1. 2. A. CFS to CFS B. CY to CY C. CY to CFS D. CFS to CY A. 2ND ORIGINAL B. 2ND COPY C. DUPLICATE D. SECOND ORIGINAL 1. 2. 3. 4. 219
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 220
221 1 2 3 4 5
222 1. 2. 1997 2 1997 10 1 1 000 100 3. 4.
223 5. 6. 7. 1. 20 70
224 10% ~ 15% 1 2 3 4 / / 5 / / 6 / / 2. 1980 8 1986 1994 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
225 1. 1 ISO 20 40 ISO 45 2 3 30 FIATA 2. 1 2 3 4
226
227
228 CFS
229 multimodel transport B/L combined transport B/L 1.
230 2. 3. 4. 12 1
Order B/L Bearer B/L Straight B/L 12 1 1. Order B/L Order of Order Order of shipper Order of Bank Special indorsement Indorsement in blank 231 2. Bearer B/L Blank B/L Bearer To Bearer 3. Straight B/L
232 1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2. CY CFS Door
233 1 Door 2 CFS 3
234 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2
235 1 2 3
236
237 FCT FBL 12 1 12 1
12 2 238 12 2
FOBCIF FOBCIF FCACPTCIP CFR CFR FOB. CIF CFR 19 ~ 22 29 23 239 1. A. B. C. D. 2. A. B.
C. D. 1. A. B. C. D. 2. A. Order B/L C. Straight B/L B. Bearer B/L D. 1. 2. 3. 240
241
242
243
1. 2. 3. 4. 244 30% 3 90% 10% 2004 38. 4 29. 9% 8 459 8. 4% 29 114 16. 6% 4% 2004 2. 16 / 15 / 21. 3%
245 13 1 { { { 13 1 1. 3 2.
3. 246 20 90 1. 1993 1995 1998 1998 1997 1999 1992 0. 356 /tkm 0. 50 /tkm 0. 25 ~ 0. 70 0. 30
2003 2. 2003 11 7 14 ~ 16 60% 242 290 420 2002 10. 56 5 ~ 10 500 2002 120 km 8. 5 6% 24% 1992 ~ 2002 22. 7% 49. 0% 21. 4% 247 0. 1% 1992 ~ 2002 70. 5% 156. 1% 154. 0% 165. 7% 55. 9% 1992 87. 1% 1999 57. 6% 2002 62. 8% 70% 1998 80% 1992 13 1
13 1 % 2002 100 30. 7 13. 4 54. 4 0. 1 1. 4 2001 100 30. 6 13. 3 54. 6 0. 1 1. 4 2000 100 31. 3 13. 8 53. 4 0. 1 1. 4 1999 100 31. 3 14. 2 52. 8 0. 11 1. 6 1998 100 32. 5 14. 5 51. 3 0. 09 1. 6 1997 100 34. 3 13. 7 50. 3 0. 08 1. 5 1996 100 35. 6 13. 7 49. 0 0. 07 1. 6 1995 100 36. 0 13. 1 49. 1 0. 06 1. 7 1994 100 37. 5 13. 5 47. 2 0. 06 1. 8 1993 100 39. 2 13. 3 45. 4 0. 05 2. 0 248 1992 100 39. 6 12. 9 45. 4 0. 05 2. 1 1991 100 39. 2 12. 1 46. 3 0. 04 2. 2 1990 100 40. 5 12. 8 44. 2 0. 03 2. 4 1989 100 40. 6 13. 2 43. 7 0. 03 2. 5 1988 100 41. 5 13. 5 42. 3 0. 03 2. 7 1987 100 42. 6 12. 0 42. 6 0. 03 2. 8 1986 100 43. 5 10. 5 42. 9 0. 02 3. 0 1985 100 44. 2 10. 4 42. 1 0. 02 3. 3 1985 44. 2% 2002 30. 7% 10. 4% 13. 4% 42. 1% 54. 4%
1 2 3 4 249 1. 1 1990 ~ 2002 72. 5% 272. 6% 2002 176. 5 km 78. 3% 24. 97 km14. 1% 160. 18 km 90. 7% 620 km 65 km 15 km 1998 11 km 1. 13 1. 41 2003 1. 2 2002 2. 51 km 1. 16% 8. 8 km 1. 42%
250 2002 7. 19 km 27 km 40 km 1 /25 54 000 km 75. 1% 2 12 688. 2 km 71. 7% 2002 120. 4 km68. 2% 53. 5% 2002 4 541 / 9 071 / 4 147 / 2 276 / 4 1 1 56 432 km/ 29 512 km/52. 3% 13 385 km/23. 7% 13 525 km/24. 0% 2% 10. 2% 7. 6% 2002 km 3 730 8 070 tkm 5. 4 3. 7 50% 3 2. 2002 3 211. 7 20% 4. 7 km 5 574 km 7. 7 km 500
1 800 km 1. 15% 6. 8% 9. 9% 38. 8% 41. 9% 2 400 2 100 86% 14% 402 1999 251 6. 8% 9. 9% 2002 18 336. 35 20. 49% 21. 57%
252
253
254 1. 2. 3. / ISO9000 ISO9004 2000 6. 8 1. 2.
3. 1 2 4. ISO/TR10013 ISO9001 ISO9004 255 1956 A 600 2003 1 1 398 2001 3 ISO9001 ISO/ TR10013
256 1. A. B. C. D. 2. A. B. C. D. A. B. C. D.
1. 2. 257
258 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
259 1. 2. 3.
260 4. 5. 6. Nirmalga Kwmar 7.
261 EMS UPS FedEx
262 3 ~ 5 20 90
263 10% ~ 15% 20 80 P&G P&G
264 Bowersox and Closs 1999
265 hidden information
266 1. joint planning 2. 3. 4.
5. 1 2 3 4 267 5 3
268 2001 2004 3 2008 2006 20 70 20% 9% 10% 6%
road map 2020 26 2 200 10% 269 30% 20% 40 GDP 0. 6% ~ 1% 2006 800
270 1. 2. A. B. C. D. A. B. C. D. E. 3 1. 2.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 271 20 70 80 20 1980 150 FACOM M140 /F 80 IBM VSE /ESA 80 90 AS/400 PCLAN EDI
90 TW EDI EDI 272 15 1 15 1 1
2 3 4 15 2 1. 15 2 1 2 3 2. 1 2 3. 273
15 3 15 1 15 3 15 1 274 15 2 15 2
275 1. 1 2 3 2.
276 15 3 12 48 134 15 3 5 25 6 14 6 27 2 18 3 19 3 14 4 17 6 2
8 2 EDI 1 277 1. 2. COSCON
3. 4. 5. 278 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 279 6. 1.
280 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1.
2. 3. 4. 15 4 281 15 4
282 EDI 1. 2. 3. EDI EDI EDI 15 5
283 15 5
284 21 20 70
285
286 9 17 9 GPS 24 1. 2. A. B. C. D.
A. B. C. D. 1. 2. 287
288 1. 2. 3. B 1. AC 2. ABD 1. 2. 3. D ABC 1. 2.
1. B 2. A 3. A 1. ABD 2. ABCD 1. 2. 1. C 2. C ABCD A ABCD 289 1. 2. 1. A 2. D ABC
1. 2. 290 1. 2. 3. C ABCDE 1. 2. 3. 4. B 1. ABC 2. ABCD
1. 2. B ACD 1. C 2. A 1. ABD 2. AB 1. D 2. C 1. ABD 2. AB 1. 2. B 291
ABCDE 1. 2. B ABCD 292
1. Donald J. BowersoxDavid J. ClossM. Bixby Cooper. Supply China Logistics Management 2002 2. J J A. 2004 3.. 2003 4.. 2002 5.. 1995 6.. 1997 7.. 2002 8.. 2001 9.. 1994 10.. 2001 11... 2004 9 12... 2002 3 13... 2005 9 14... http / /finance. sina. com. cn 2003 10 17 15... 2003 12 12 16.. 2005 5 23 17... 2004 5 18... 2004 9 19.. 2003 6 20.. 2005 5 13 21... 293
294 2005 11 22... 2005 6 27 23... 2002 3 24... 2005 7 6 25.... http/ /www. drcnet. com. cn 2004 12 1 26.. WTO. 2004 6 27... 2003 6 28.... http/ / www. drcnet. com. cn / 2004 12 1 29.. http /www. oilnews. cn 2004 10 11 30... 2004 11 31... 2003 2 32.. 31. 2005 3 7 33.. http / /www. hc360. com 2005 3 1 34.. 2005 5 20 35... 2004 36... 2005 1 37... 2000 3 38.. 2005 7 4 39... 2004 1 9 40.. 2003 6 41.... http/ /www. guohang. org/ shownews. asp 2003 12 4
42... 2005 5 12 43... 2004 2 44... 2004 4 45... 2004 10 9 46... 2004 1 47... 2004 2 48... 2004 5 49... 2004 6 50... 2004 3 51... 2005 4 52... 2005 3 53... 2004 7 295 54.... http/ /www. drcnet. com. cn 2004 5 21 55... 2000 3 56... 2000 10 57.... http / /www. drcnet. com. cn 2004 4 7