(mg/kg ) / 3 20 25 1 (h) 30 35 40 50 100 1000 1000 1000 1250 2000 60 80 60 80 80 100 15 25 2 4 2 4 3 4 2.5 5 10 20 0.5 1.5 10 80 100 100 150 300 24 72

5 1 2

R l A = + R l A

Ku = AC DC (s) AC 50 100 V/cm 0.01 0.1 AC 1mV/cm 2 DC 5mV/cm AC 0.5 1mV/cm 0.1 AC 50 100 V/cm 2 AC 0.5 1mV/cm 2 AC 0.01 AC 100 V/cm 0.03 AC 100 V/cm 0.3

=

φ = M F

V mm

v = s t m / s

% = mm + mm 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1%Nacl(ml) 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.6 3.6 4.0 2%Nacl(ml) 4.0 (ml) 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.4 0.4 (%) 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.9 1.0 2.0

(min)

(30 S ) Na + Ca 2+ K + (mm)

(mmhg) (mmhg)

(mmhg) ( )

(mmhg) (mmhg) (mmhg) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 mmhg

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 (ml ) (ml ) (min) (ml ) (min) (ml ) 1 1 3 3 5 5 10 10 15 15 20 20 30 30

60 = R R P P (s)

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 77.5 77.5 67 89.5 56 107 45 133 34 176 23 261 77 78 66 91 55 109 44 136 33 182 22 273 76 79 65 92.5 54 111 43 139 32 187 21 286 75 80 64 94 53 113 42 143 31 193 20 300 74 81 63 95 52 115 41 146 30 200 19 316 73 82 62 97 51 117.5 40 150 29 207 18 333 72 83 61 98.5 50 120 39 154 28 214 17 353 71 84.5 60 100 49 122.5 38 158 27 222 16 375 70 86 59 101.5 48 125 37 162 26 230 15 400 69 87 58 103 47 127.5 36 166.5 25 240 14 428 68 88 57 105 46 130 35 171.5 24 250 13 461

6 + SD X

= mm = (s)

(ml) (mo) (ml) (ml) ml min 1 2 3

(min) (mmhg) (%) (%) 20% 10%Na 2 SO 4

(s)

= 2. 5 2.5m 10 = 0.5 5

= mm 15 500 = mm 15 500

(m m) (mm) 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30

g 55 80 1 100 120 1 150 200 2 200 280 3 300 350 4 350 400 6 450 500 1 750 800

NaCl 6.5 9.0 8.0 6.5 7.0 9.0 KCl 0.14 0.42 0.2 CaCl 2 0.12 0.24 0.2 NaHCO 3 0.20 0.1 0.3 1.0 NaH 2 PO 4 0.01 0.05 MgCl 2 0.1 2.0 1.0 2.5 1.0 1000ml

% NaCl 20 32.5 45.0 40.0 KCl 10 1.1 1.2 2.0 CaCl 2 10 1.2 2.4 2.0 NaH 2 PO 4 1 1.0 2.0 MgCl 2 5 2.0 NaHCO 3 5 4.0 2.0 20.0 2.0 1.0 2.5 1.0 1000ml Van thoff NaCl 23.5 27.0 26.0 12.0 1.2 2.2 KCl 0.75 0.85 0.1 0.15 0.03 CaCl 2 1.17 1.0 1.50 1.63 0.125 0.016 MgCl 2 5.0 3.4 2.33 0.25 MgSO 2 12.1 H 3 BO 2 0.55 NaOH 0.02 NaHC 5.0 0.2 0.03 O 3 Na 2 SO 4 4.0 3.0

x x x x x x x = = 1 + 2 + 3 + n 1 n n S = ( x) 2 2 ( x x) x = n n 1 n 1 x (x ) 2 x 2 2 x mmhg x 2 1 118 13 924 2 112 14 884 3 98 9 609 4 104 10 816 5 122 14 884 6 122 14 884 7 118 13 924 8 140 19 600 9 90 8 100 10 104 10 816 11 122 14 884 12 112 12 544 12 n 1 362 x 156 524 x 2

x x = 1, 362 = = 1135. n 12 S = = ( x) x 2 n n 1 2 2 = 1, 362 165, 524 12 12 1 165, 524 164, 587 = 176 = 13. 27 11 x S = 113.513.27mmHg Sx SE δ δ &x = 3 n δ x S S = x n (4) S 13. 27 Sx = = = 383. n 12 x ± S = 1135. ± 383. ( mmhg) x

13 6 t t P t0.05 0.05 t0.05 0.05 t0.01 0.01 x µ t = 5 Sx x µ Sx 12mmHg x s x = 108mmHg 4 Sx

S 12 Sx = = = 346. mmhg n 12 x µ 108 114 6 t = = = = 174. Sx 346. 346. t = 2.201 t 0. 05( 11) x 0 t = 6 Sx x 0 Sx 13 7 9 mmhg x x 1 96 88-8 64 2 98 98 0 0 3 112 108-4 16 4 108 102-6 36 5 102 98-4 16 6 98 100 +2 4 7 100 96-4 16 8 106 102-4 16 9 80 72-8 64-36 232 x x = = 36 = 4mmHg n 9

2 x x 2 ( ) ( 36) 2 232 S = n = 9 = 3317. mmhg n 1 9 1 S 3317. Sx = = = 111. mmhg n 9 x 0 t = = 4 = 3618. Sx 111. x1 x2 t = Sx x 1 2 7 x x 1 2 Sx x x x 1 2 1 2 Sx x S n + n 1 2 = c n n 2 1 2 1 2 8 S 2 c [ = x 2 2 ( x ) ( x 2 2 ) ] + [ x 2 ] n1 n2 n + n 2 1 1 1 2 2 9

13 8 17 x x x x 1 5.15 26.83 1 2.90 8.41 2 8.79 77.26 2 5.41 29.27 3 3.14 9.86 3 5.48 30.03 4 6.64 41.73 4 4.60 21.16 5 3.72 13.84 5 4.03 16.24 6 6.64 44.09 6 5.10 26.01 7 4.01 16.08 7 5.92 35.05 8 5.60 31.36 8 4.97 24.70 9 4.57 20.88 9 4.24 17.98 10 7.71 59.44 10 4.36 19.01 11 4.99 24.90 11 2.72 7.40 12 2.37 5.62 13 2.09 4.37 14 7.10 50.41 x =60.99 x =366.27 x =61.29 x =295.66 S c 2 2 2 ( 6099. ) ( 6129. ) ] [ 29566. ] 11 14 =. [ 36627. + = 11+ 14 2 11+ 14 Sx1 x2 = 2. 41( ) = 0. 63 11 14 60. 99 61. 29 11 14 t = = 182. 0. 63 2 41

n t 0.05 t 0.01 nt 0.05 t 0.01 nt 0.05 t 0.01 1 12.706 63.657 17 2.110 2.898 45 2.014 2.690 2 4.303 9.925 18 2.101 2.878 50 2.008 2.678 3 3.182 5.841 19 2.093 2.861 60 2.000 2.660 4 2.776 4.604 20 2.086 2.845 70 1.994 2.648 5 2.571 4.032 21 2.080 2.831 80 1.990 2.638 6 2.447 3.707 22 2.074 2.819 90 1.987 2.632 7 2.365 3.499 23 2.069 2.807 100 1.984 2.626 8 2.306 3.355 24 2.064 2.797 125 1.979 2.616 9 2.262 3.250 25 2.060 2.787 150 1.976 2.609 10 2.228 3.169 26 2.056 2.779 200 1.972 2.601 11 2.201 3.106 27 2.052 2.771 300 1.968 2.592 12 2.179 3.055 28 2.048 2.763 400 1.966 2.588 13 2.160 3.012 29 2.045 2.756 500 1.965 2.586 14 2.145 2.977 30 2.042 2.750 1000 1.962 2.581 15 2.131 2.947 35 2.030 2.724 1.960 2.576 16 2.120 2.921 40 2.021 2.704 M I = x E I = Sx C = S 2 c B = Sx 1 x 2

Wiggers

/ m/s cm/s / mm/s.l I ml Im1 lcm(3)1000mm(3) M ;k ; V mv V khz Hz mol mmhg lmmhg 133.322Pa mmh(2)o lmmh(2)o 9.806Pa