Contents

臺 南 區 農 業 改 良 場 技 術 專 刊 102-2 (NO.156) Mango 臺 南 區 農 業 改 良 場 編 印

...... 4...... 5 Contents...5...5...5...5...6...6...6...7...7...8...8...9...9......10... 10...10...10... 11...11...13...13...14 9 17 37 46 1

... 15... 16... 16... 16... 16... 19... 19... 19... 19... 19......20... 20... 20... 21... 22... 22... 22... 23... 23......24... 24... 24... 24... 24... 25... 25... 25 26... 26... 26... 27... 28... 29... 30... 31... 31... 32... 33... 34... 35... 36... 36... 37... 37... 38... 38... 39... 39... 40... 40... 40... 40... 41... 41... 41 2

...42... 42...42...42...42...43...46...47...47...47...47... 47......49... 49... 49... 49... 50... 50... 53... 53......55......56... 56... 57... 58... 64 3

(Mangifera indica L.) 1960 2012 16,356 7,692 2001 WTO () 4

( ) (1624 1661 ) ( ) 1912 33 White ( ) Carabao Aroemanis ( ) 1960 ( ) 40 (Irwin) (Haden) (Keitt) (Sensation) (Zill) ( ) 1980 ( ) (120 ) 14.9 Brix 0.23% 64 ( 23%) (216 ) 15 ( ) 5

102-2 156 320 500 12 15 Brix 0.21% 57 7.3% 5 7 ( ) 1954 9 10 750 13 18 Brix 0.26% 57 (7 8 ) ( ) 0.6 2.0 12 17 Brix 0.24% 73 7% (7 8 ) ( ) 31 6

650 1,000 49 6% 15.1 Brix 0.16% ( ) (off season flower) 421 8% 13.8 Brix 0.24% 58 50 100 ( ) 1 3 6 8 380 16 Brix 7

102-2 156 0.16% 87 ( ) 7 463 42 9.1% 15.6 Brix 0.18 87 ( ) 448 8

( ) ( ) 11 Brix 0.13% 100 28 6.3% ( ) 1985 5 6 200 17 Brix 0.21% ( ) ( ) ( ) () 2008 3 12 2 5 7 400 550 12 15 Brix 75 80% 4 6 9

102-2 156 ( ) 1. 2. 1 3. 4. ( ) 5. ( ) 5 4 ( 500 ) 5 5 ( 400 ) 6 5 ( 2 3 泝 沴 沊 10

1 2 333 ) ( ) ( ) 7 10 6 8 5 6 2 3 泝 沴 沊 沝 3 4 11

102-2 156 1 2 3 4 泝 沴 沊 沝 25 25 15 10 14 3 11 8 12

( ) 11 1 4 泝 () ( ) 1 4 1 3 1 3 4 25 沴 13

102-2 156 3 ( ) 5 6 8 4 6 5 沊 沝 沀 泞 泀 7 14

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) () 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7. 15

102-2 156 ( ) 1. 7 8 1 2 2. 12 3. ( ) 5 80% 20% 4 50 1 2 ( ) ( ) 1 2 ( ) 16

2 1 3 4 5 泝 沊 沴 沝 沀 17

102-2 156 1 4 2 5 3 6 泝 沴 沊 沝 沀 泞 18

( ) 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 3 泝 沴 沊 19

102-2 156 ( ) ( ) ph 5.5 7.5 ( ) ( ) ( ) () ( ) 20

( ) 1 5 43 ( ) 5 15 600 ( ) 50% / / 1 3 75 75 75 500 43 3 5 150 150 150 1,000 30/ 250 125 188 1,875 45/ 300 150 225 5 ( 43 ) 2,500 60/ 350 175 263 3,125 (1) 20 30 (2) 30 40 20 30 (3) 20 30 20 30 21

102-2 156 100 50 50 50 50 50 50 ( ) 1 1. () ( ) ( ) 20 50 () 4 6 15 20 ( 10 15 ) 2. 3. 20 40 ( ) 2% 5 ( ) 43 () 1 2 () ( ) 3 4 4 ( ) 1. 2. (ph ) 5.5 7.5 ph ph 7 ph ph 5.0 ph 6.5 3. 1 2 1 22

1 2 3 泝 沴 沊 4. 500 10 1 2 3 20 30% 20 30% 23

102-2 156 1. 20 1 2. 3. 4. () 5. (24Psi) 1Psi 1/14 / 6. 1. 2. 1330 1.9 / 58% (30 ) 1100 15ps/2200 90 55 1. 2.8 2. 1.7 3. 125 45 2 4 0.4 1.5 1. 24

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 2 2. 700 1000 kg 70 mm 300 500 kg 50mm 1. 1. 2. 1. ( ) 2. 3. 6 0 m m 8 0 m m 1 0 0 m m 150mm 200mm 250mm 25

102-2 156 ( ) Anthracnose Glomerella cingulata (Ston.) Spauld et Schrenk 26

1. 2. 3. 10-10 4. 4 5 5. ( ) ( ) powdery mildew Oidium mangiferae Bert 12 2 3 3 4 27

102-2 156 1 2 ( ) Fruit rot, Black spot Xanthomonas campestris pv. Mangiferaeindicae 3 泝 沴 沊 28

1. 2. 3. 4. 10-10 2 3 5. ( ) Stem end rot of mango fruit Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. 1. 2. 29

102-2 156 () ( ) Algal leaf of mango Cephaleuros virescens Kunze. 1. 2. ( ) 30

( ) Sooty mould of mango Meliola mangiferae Earle. 1. 2. ( ) Mango leafhoppers Idioscopus niveosparsus Lethirry Ioscopus clypealis Lethirry 12 13 12 3 5 31

102-2 156 1 1. 2. ( ) Mango shoot borer Chlumetia transversa Walker 4 9 11 2 3 11 2 3 4 32

2 5 1. 2. 泝 沴 沊 沝 ( ) Thrips Scirtotrips dorsalis Hood Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus Hood Thrips hawaiiensis Morgan 2 33

102-2 156 ( ) 1. 2. 3. () Scale insect Planococcus citri (Risso) Ceroplastes rubens Maskell Ceroplastes pseudoceriferus Green Aulacaspis tubercularis (Newstead) Kerria lacca (Kerr) 34

1. 2. 3. () Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) 8 9 7 8 1 2 6 10 1 1 2 3 泝 沴 沊 35

102-2 156 1. 2. 3. 4. 8 50% 1000 5. 40% 50% 25% 5 7 () Mango red spider mite Oligonychus mangiferus 1. 2. () Mango leaf gall midge Procontarinia mangicola 36

1. 2. ( ) ( ) 2 400 37

102-2 156 ( ) ( ) ( ) () ( ) () 38

400 ( ) ( ) 3 7 -- 39

102-2 156 ( ) 10-10 ( ) ( ) 40

2 15 11 40 ( ) 10 14 ( ) ( ) 1 1.5 20 25 39.5% 3,000 5 28 9 12 20% 10% ( ) ( ) 41

102-2 156 ( ) 50% 1.00 7 9 ( 120 140 ) () 10 3 ( ) 泝 沴 沊 1 2 3 ( ) 1 42

1 泝 沴 沊 沝 3 4 2 50% (L) 300 (LL) 300 450 (LLL) 450 ( ) 43

102-2 156 12 泝 沴 3 6 5 500 12 450 300 450 250 300 泝 沴 3 >400 250 沊 6 1 12 450 300 450 300 泝 1 ( ) 沴 3 沊 6 () 1 12 泝 1 沴 3 400 6 450 300 450 300 44

45 3 () 5 () 6 () 8-9 15 950 1100 14 950 1100 850 950 700 850 1 6 12 950 1100 850 950 700 850 ()1 6 12 950 1100 850 950 700 850

102-2 156 泝 沴 沊 沝 沀 泞 泀 洰 - 1 60 62 /20 30 53 /4 5 ( ) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 46

10 12 ( ) 5 12 ( ) 10 12 4 8 12 ( ) 2 4 10 12 85 95% ( ) 100 1,000 ppm 30 35 ( ) 5 ( ) ( ) 46.5 30 47

102-2 156 25 泝 3 沴 1 2 泝 沴 60151 46.5 30 10 12 2 4 1. 2. 7 15 3. 4. 5. 46.5 30 6. 48

C 40 60 100 36 80 C C B A B1 B2 C C E ( ) (CNS2377 ) 49

102-2 156 ( 100 ) (kcal) 55 59 60 40 331 44 200 (g) 85 84 83 89 7.6 88 44 (g) 0.6 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.6 (g) 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.3 (g) 13.6 14.4 15.7 10.2 90.6 12.0 54.4 (g) 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.2 0.1 1.0 (g) 0.8 1.1 1.7 0.8 3.4 0.2 2.9 (g) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.6 (RE) - - - - - - - A 57.1 88.3 533.3 355.0 1.5 14.3 0.3 B1 (mg) 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.02 0 0 0 B2 (mg) 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.01 0.04 (mg) 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.6 1.01 0.28 1.08 B6 (mg) 0.07 0.01-0.07 0.01 0.01 0.05 C (mg) 26 12 16 21 0 14.5 0.1 (mg) 4 15 4 4 219 21 149 (mg) 80 90 120 90 64 3 53 (mg) 8 5 6 5 58 2 47 (mg) 9 10 10 7 8 2 62 (mg) 12 12 15 14 14 2 8 (mg) 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 2 0.2 1.4 (mg) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 ( http://www.fda.gov.tw/) 50

() () () () 85% 15% 51

102-2 156 ( ) () (5 6 ) (60 70 ) (5 6 ) 2012 () 52

(high methoxy pectin; HMP7% ) (104 ) 1.5% 60 65% 0.3% ph 3.45 60% 104 60 65 Brix 12 15 Brix 0.21% 0.26% () (50%) (ph2.8~3.5) 53

102-2 156 2 1 3 4 6 5 泝 () 沴 沊 沝 沀 泞 54

22,000 16,300 80 90% 19.9 / 4,000 3% 1,000 () 55

102-2 156 () ( ) 0 20 20 40 1. 1 2. V 40 1.5 2 3. 1 ( ) 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 10 5 8 11 15 16 17 18 20 4. ( ) 56

(%) 21 20 46 18 50 60 1 20 5 10 2 11 9 18 5 16 8 12 39 12 18 12 43 15 15 15 4 1 2 1 2 3 1 5 6 11 11 11 30 14 7 7 4 45 5 2.5 2.5 65 1.5 3 2 60 4 4 4 60 26 13 13 10 20 20 5 18 18 4 57

102-2 156 (%) 6 35 30 6 45 15-19 5 0.35 0.90 0.07 0.45 0.31 0.90 2.7 3.6 1.9 3.3 2.5 2.1 ( ) 3 3.1 1.3 6.55 1.33 1 7.52 1.77 2.27 1.95 4.38 1.49 1.4 102.08.12 ( ) 25.9% 1500 6 G1 10% 800 6 G1 24.9% 1500 6 G1 50% 6000 6 G1 9% 750 12 G1 70% 1000 6 B1 24.55% 2500 6 B1; G1 33.1% 3000 6 B1; G1 34.5% 3000 12 B1;G1 53% 1200 6 B1; M1 74% 500 6 B1; M3 58

( ) 43% 1000 6 D3; B1 50% 2000 6 C3 23% 2000 12 C3 23.6% 3000 12 C3 50% 4000 18 C3 16% 1500 12 M9; C3 42.2% 1200 6 M9 39.5% 2000 6 C5 62.5% 2000 9 D1; G1 62.5% 600 18 M3; G1 33% 600 15 M3 80% 500 21 M3 70% 400 30 M3 80% 400 30 M3 80% 400 30 M3 40% ( ) 1500 12 M7 23.7% 800 12 E3 80% 800 30 M3 325g/L 3000 21 C3,G1 27.12% 500 3 M1 10-10 M1 43.5% 1000 6 D3; M1 81.3% 1000 6 D3; M1 35% 1000 6 F2;I1 61.4% 500 20% 1000 12 A4 59

102-2 156 ( ) 10% 500 H3 10.7% 2500 3 G1 23% 3000 6 G1 10.5% 3000 6 G1 8.93% 3000 6 G1 23% 1000 12 G1 25% 2000 6 G1 11.76% 4000 6 G1 5% 1000 6 G1 50% 3000 18 B1 31.25% 1000 6 D1; G1 40% 1000 6 B1; G1 62.25% 600 18 M3; G1 75% 600 18 M1; B1 30% 1000 6 M1 27.3% 2000 6 C2; C3 25% 1500 10 A2 25% 2000 12 A2 50% 500 700PCU/g 800 400 2.9% 1500 6 3A 3% 3% 2.8% 2.5% 2.46% 1000 9 3A 4000 9 3A 60

( ) 5% 1500 15 3A 30% 1000 15 3A 2.8% 2000 20 3A 11.78% 1250 9 16; 3A 11.78% 1500 9 16; 3A 11% 1250 9 16; 3A 40% 2000 6 1A; 3A 75% 10000 6 3A; 4A 40% 40% 800 8 1A 25% 500 9 1A 40.64% 800-1200 10 1A 85% 1700 15 1A 50% 1500 20 1A 20% 3000 6 4A 16% 4000 6 4A 9.6% 3000 6 4A 25% 7500 6 4A 20% 4000 6 4A 30% 800 6 1B 50% 1000 20 1B 25% 1000 9 9B 20% 2000 9 3 25% 750 15 16 40% 40% 800 8 1A 61

102-2 156 ( ) 9.6% 9.6% 1500 9 4A 25% 750 15 16 99% 300 42% 1500 12 1B 50% 1000 6 1B 50% 1000 10 1B 30% 1000 10 1B 85% 850 15 1A 11.7% 2000 12 5 11.7% 2000 12 5 2.8% 2.5% 2.46% 1000 9 3A 10% 1000 12 13 48.34% 1000 21 1A 50% 800 21 1A 2.8% 2.5% 2.8% 2.5% 2.46% 1000 20 3A 2000 9 3A 4.95% 2500 28 2B 18.2% 2000 12 4A 9.6% 9.6% 1500 9 4A 15% 1500 21 21A 62

( ) 37% 2000 12 3A,4A 11.7% 4000 12 5 20% 2000 10 4A 100g/L 1500 10 23 97% 200 NC 2.4% 1500 12 3A 50% 1000 12 1B 0.02% 8 3 5 25% 1000 21 12C 10% 1000 12 3A 5% 2000 6 21A 30% 2500 6 23 10% 2000 6 21A 50% 1000 12 1B 85% 850 15 1A 40% 800 9 1A 48.34% 1000 21 1A 2.4% 1500 12 3A 20% 3000 6 4A 1. 2013 8 12 ----- -- 2. 3. (06)5912959 63

102-2 156 1.6 102.03.11 ( ) (ppm) (ppm) 39.5% 2000 6 0.5 0.5 50% 2000 6 5.0 1.0 10% 800 6 1.0 0.5 33.1% 3000 6 24.9% 1500 6 1.0 0.5 74% 500 6 50% 6000 6 2.0 1.0 70% 1000 6 2.0 2.0 23% 2000 12 1.0 1.0 23.7% 800 12 10.0 2.0 33% 600 15 2.0 2.0 62.5% 600 18 80% 500 21 2.0 2.0 70% 400 30 2.0 2.0 80% 400 30 2.0 2.0 80% 400 30 2.0 2.0 325g/L 3000 21 80% 800 30 2.0 2.0 50% 4000 18 0.7 0.7 27.12% 500 3 - - 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 10-10 - - - - 61.4% 500 - - - 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 64

( ) (ppm) (ppm) 700PCU/g 800 - - - 30% 1000 6 - - 31.25% 1000 6 40% 1000 6 11.76% 4000 6 1.0 0.5 62.25% 600 18 50% 3000 18 2.0 2.0 75% 600 18 50% 500 - - - 400 - - - 16% 4000 6 1.0 0.5 9.6% 3000 6 1.0 0.5 25% 7500 6 0.2 0.2 20% 3000 6 1.0 1.0 40% 800 8 3.0 2.0 85% 1700 15 3.0 0.5 75% 10000 6 2.8% 2.5% 2.46% 5.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 2.0 1.0 2.0 0.5 2.0 2.0 0.2 0.5 4000 9 0.5 0.5 50% 1000 10 5.0 1.0 85% 850 15 3.0 0.5 2.8% 2.5% 2.46% 1000 9 0.5 0.5 65

102-2 156 ( ) (ppm) (ppm) 40% 800 8 3.0 2.0 9.6% 9.6% 1500 9 1.0 0.5 99% 300 - - - 18.2% 2000 12 1.0 0.5 9.6% 9.6% 1500 9 1.0 0.5 37% 2000 12 2.8% 2.5% 2.46% 0.5 1.0 0.2 0.5 2000 9 0.5 0.5 20% 2000 10 1.0 1.0 100 G/L (10% W/V) 1500 10 0.3 0.3 97% 200 - - - 25% 1000 21 2.0 2.0 5% 2000 6 1.0 0.5 10% 2000 6 0.5 0.5 30% 2500 6 2.0 0.5 10% 1000 12 2.0 1.0 50% 1000 12 5.0 1.0 2.4% 1500 12 0.5 0.2 50% 1000 12 5.0 1.0 85% 850 15 3.0 0.5 40% 800 9 3.0 2.0 2.4% 1500 12 0.5 0.2 20% 3000 6 1.0 1.0 41% - - 0.2 0.2 66

1/2 ( ) (ppm) (ppm) 40% ( ) 1500 12 0.3 0.5 53% 1200 6 23% 1000 12 3.0 2.0 0.5 3.0 5.0 2.0 0.5 5.0 40.64% 800-1200 10 0.3 0.5 11% 1250 9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 25% 750 15 0.9 1.0 11.78% 1250 9 0.9 0.5 1.0 0.2 20% 4000 6 1.0 2.0 30% 800 6 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 25% 750 15 0.9 1.0 10% 1000 12 0.3 0.5 50% 800 21 0.05 0.1 48.34% 1000 21 0.2 2.0 2.8%2.5% 1000 20 0.3 1.0 50% 1000 6 0.8 1.0 30% 1000 10 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 48.34% 1000 21 0.2 2.0 94 5 06-5912959 67

(CIP) /. -- :, 102.09 ;. -- ( ; 156) ISBN 978-986-03-7980-8 () 1. 2. 3. 435.323 102018155

ISBN 978-986-03-7980-8 9 789860 379808