,, 20, 70,,,, (CIP). :,2002.6 ISBN 7 116 03538 9..........S680.4 CIP (2002) 028907 : : : : 31, 100083 : ( 010) 82324508( ) ; (010 )82324557 ( ) : http: www.gph.com.cn : ( 010) 82310759 : : 850 1168 1 32 : 8.5 :4 : 227 : 1 1500 : 2002 6 : 28.00 ISBN 7 116 03538 9 S 28 (,, )
,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 80 ( Totipotency),,,,,,,
,, 1991 1000, 20 2000,, WTO,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 23, 70,,
,,,,,,,,,
(1) (1) (3) (8) (12) (12) (33) (39) (50) (72) (80) (86) (86) (89) (94) (97) (99) (101) (103) (103)
(136) (177) (188) (194) (195) (199) (206) (217) (217) (224) (236) (240) (241) (247), (250) (254) 1 (254) 2 (256) 3 (257) 4 mg L mol (258) 5 mol mg L (259) 6 (260) (262)
1838 Schleiden, ; 1839 Schwann,,,,, 1898 Haberlandt, 1902 :,, (Totipotent),,,,, 1904 Hanning, 1906 Brow, 1922 Haberlandt Kotte Robbins, Robbins, 1
Laibach, 1931,, 1934 White,, White B 1935 1942, 1937 Nobecourt 1939 White, 1937 White Cautheret Nobecourt,, 1943 White, 1946, 1948 Skoog, IAA,,,,,, 2
Millor,,,,, 1958 Steward Shantz,,, Haberlandt, 1960 Cocking, 1964 Guha Maheshwari, 1972 Carlson 2,,, DNA 20 60, 10, 90,, 3
,,,, 1960 Morel,,, 1963 Winber, 400,,,,, (,, ) 100 : y = m x n ( y, m, x, n ),,,,,,,, ( 4
,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, NaCl,, ( ),, NaCl,,, DNA,,,, 5
,,,,,,,, 1960 Cocking, 250, 1972 Carlson, 10,,,,,,,,,,, 6
, 9,, 1, 6, 1m 2,,,,,,,,, 20 80,,,,,,,, 7
: (1),,,, (2),,,, ( ),, (3), ( ), (4),,, (5),,, (6),, (7), 500,,,,,,, (8),,,,,, 8
80,,,,,,,,, ( Clone),,, : (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) ( ) (6) (7) (8), 7% 8%, 40% 80% Debergh Zimmerman Micropropagation, 600, 1989 2.5,, 100, 1.57, 280, 9
, 88, 2000, 42, 80%, 140, 2500 3000, 15000 20000,, (1990), : 150 139 53 29 9 44, 16, 445 50 60 20 80,,,,,, ( ),,, ;,, ; ;,,, ;,,,,, 10
, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, WTO 11
,,,,,,,, : 1.,,,,,, 0.5mmol L ( ), 0.5mmol L 1 1 1mol L :,, ; 12
, ;, ;,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, Fe2 ( SO4 ) 3, FeCl 2 Fe 2 ( SO 4 ) 3, Fe 2 ( SO 4 ) 3 Mn,,, FeCl 2 ph 4.9 5.0 5.8 6.0,, ph 6.0 FeCl 2,,,, ( Fe EDTA) ph7.6 8.0 Na 2 EDTA FeSO 4 7H 2 O,,,, ph, 13
,, : ;,,,, 2.,, ( B 1 ), ( B 6 ) ( B 3 ) ( B 5 ) ( B 12 ) ( B c ) ( H) ( C), 0.1 1mg L,,,,,,,,,, 14
CH) ( CM) (ME ) ( TJ ) ( YE),,,,,,,,,,,, ( 1.5 4.1MPa), 2% 5%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 50 100mg L, 100 mg L B 1,,,,,,,, 15
3. ( ),,,,,,,, ( ) 1),,,,, : ( IAA) ( IBA) (NAA) ( 2.4 D) (GA) 2.4 D, NAA IBA IAA 2.4 D, NAA IBA IAA,, ( ) 20,,,,, ;, 16
,, 95% 95% 0.1N, 2), 10, (BAP ) (6 BA) (2 ip) ( 6 ), ; ;,,, ( 0.1 1N), 4.,,,, 5 10g L,,,, ;,,,, 95,, 45,,, 17
,,,,,,,,, 70%,,,,,, 5.,,,,,,, :,, 0.5 10 g L,,,,,,,,,, 18,
,, 50 200mg L,, 1 7mg L,,,,,, 10, : 1.MS (1962 ) ( : mg L) ph NH 4 NO 4 1650 100 5.8 KNO 3 1900 0.5 CaCl 2 2H 2 O 440 0.5 MgSO 4 7H 2 O 370 2 KH 2 PO 4 170 0.1 KI 0.83 30g L H 3 BO 3 6.2 4 8g L MnSO 4 4H 2 O 22.3 ZnSO 4 7H 2 O 8.6 19
Na MoO 4 2H 2 O 0.25 CuSO 4 5H 2 O 0.025 CoCl 2 6H 2 O 0.025 FeSO 4 7H 2 O 27.8 Na 2 EDTA 2H 2 O 37.3 2. White (1963) ( : mg L) ph KNO 3 80 0.05 5.6 MgSO 4 7H 2 O 750 0.01 Ca( NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O 300 0.01 Na 2 SO 4 200 3 NaH 2 PO 4 H 2 O 19 30g L KCl 0.75 4 8g L H 3 BO 3 1.5 MnSO 4 4H 2 O 5 ZnSO 4 7H 2 O 3 MoO 3 0.001 CuSO 4 5H 2 O 0.01 Fe 2 ( SO 4 ) 3 2.5 3.ER (1965) ( : mg L) ph NH 4 NO 3 1200 0.5 5.8 KNO 3 1900 0.5 CaCl 2 2HO 400 0.5 MgSO 4 7H 2 O 370 2 KH 2 PO 4 340 40g L H 3 BO 3 0.63 4 8g L MnSO 4 4H 2 O 2.23 Zn Na 2 EDTA 15 Na 2 MoO 4 2H 2 O 0.025 CuSO 4 5H 2 O 0.0025 CoCl 2 6H 2 O 0.0025 20
FeSO 7H 2 O 27.8 Na 2 EDTA 2H 2 O 37.3 4.B 5 (1968) ( : mg L) ph KNO 3 2500 100 5.5 CaCl 2 2H 2 O 150 1 MgSO 4 7H 2 O 250 1 ( NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 134 10 NaH 2 PO 4 H 2 O 150 20g L KI 0.75 4 8g L H 3 BO 3 3 MnSO 4 H 2 O 10 ZnSO 4 7H 2 O 2 Na 2 MoO 4 2H 2 O 0.25 CuSO 4 5H 2 O 0.025 CoCl 2 6H 2 O 0.025 Sequestrene 33OFe 28 5.NT (1971) ( : mg L) ph NH 4 NO 3 825 100 6.0 KNO 3 950 1 CaCl 2 2H 2 O 220 D 12.7g L MgSO 4 7H 2 O 1233 10g L KH 2 PO 4 680 4 8g L KI 0.83 H 3 BO 3 6.2 MnSO 4 4H 2 O 22.3 ZnSO 4.4H 2 O 8.6 Na 2 MoO 4 2H 2 O 0.25 CuSO 4 5H 2 O 0.025 CoSO 4 7H 2 O 0.03 FeSO 4 7H 2 O 27.8 21
Na EDTA 2H 2 O 37.3 6. VW ( 1949 ) ( : mg L) ph ( NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 500 20g L 5.8 6.0 KNO 3 525 4 8g L MgSO 4 250 Fe EDTA 28 Ca 3 ( PO 4 ) 2 200 MnSO 4 4H 2 O 75 NaH 2 PO 4 4H 2 O 250 MnSO 4 7H 2 O 7.5 7.Fonnesbech ( : mg L) ph MgSO 4 7H 2 O 250 100 5.8 KH 2 PO 4 250 1 K 2 HPO 4 212 0.5 ( NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 300 0.5 Ca( NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O 400 2 H 3 BO 3 10 30 40g L MnSO 4 4H 2 O 25 4 8g L ZnSO 4 7H 2 O 10 Na 2 MoO 4 2H 2 O 0.25 CuSO 4 5H 2 O 0.025 FeSO 4 7H 2 O 27.9 Na 2 EDTA 2H 2 O 37.3 8. RM ( 1964) ( : mg L) ph NH 4 NO 3 1650 100 5.8 KNO 3 1900 0.4 CaCl 2 2H 2 O 400 1000 3000 22
MgSO 7H 2 O 370 30g L KH 2 PO 4 170 4 8g L H 3 BO 3 6.2 MnSO 4 4H 2 O 22.3 ZnSO 4 4H 2 O 8.6 KI 0.83 Na 2 MoO 4.2H 2 O 0.25 CuSO 4 5H 2 O 0.025 CoCl 2 6H 2 O 0.025 FeSO 4 7H 2 O 27.8 Na 2 EDTA 2H 2 O 37.3 9.SH (1972) ( : mg L) ph KNO 3 2500 1000 5.8 CaCl 2 2H 2 O 200 5 MgSO 4 7H 2 O 400 5 NH 4 H 2 PO 4 300 0.5 KI 1 30g L H 3 BO 3 5 7g L MnSO 4 4H 2 O 10 ZnSO 4 7H 2 O 1 Na 2 MoO 4 2H 2 O 0.1 CuSO 4 5H 2 O 0.2 CoCl 2 6H 2 O 0.1 FeSO 4 7H 2 O 15 Na 2 EDTA 2H 2 O 20 10.N 6 (1975) ( : mg L ) ph KNO 3 2830 0.5 5.8 ( NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 463 0.5 MgSO 4 7H 2 O 185 1.0 KH 2 PO 4 400 2.0 23
CaCl 2H 2 O 166 50g L MnSO 4 4H 2 O 4.4 4 8g L ZnSO 4 7H 2 O 1.5 H 3 BO 3 1.6 KI 0.8 11.Me Cown & Lloyd ( 1982 ) ( : mg L) ph NH 4 NO 3 400 1 5.2 Ca ( NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O 556 0.5 K 2 SO 4 990 0.5 CaCl 2 2H 2 O 96 2 KH 2 PO 4 170 100 MnSO 4 4H 2 O 22.5 20 30g L ZnSO 4 7H 2 O 8.6 4 8g L CuSO 4 5H 2 O 0.25 MgSO 4 370 Na 2 EDTA 37.3 FeSO 4 7H 2 O 27.8 H 3 BO 3 6.2 Na 2 MoO 4 2H 2 O 0.25 12.Knudsone (1946) ( : mg L) ph ( NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 500 20g L 5.3 Ca( NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O 1000 4 8g L MgSO 4 7H 2 O 250 KH 2 PO 4 250 FePO 4 4H 2 O 25,, MS, 24
MS,,,,,,, :,, ;, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,, IAA IBA,, 1 2 1 4 MS,,,, 10 100,,, 25
, ;,,,,,,,,,, 1.,, 10 50 5 6,,,, (Ca 2 + ) (Mg 2 + ) ( SO 4 2 - ) ( PO 4 3 - ), KH 2 PO 4 MgSO 4 CaCl 2,,,,, 1 1000 1, 1 10000 4 10000,,, ( 2 4 ) 2.,,, 100, EDTA, 7H 2 O), ( FeSO 4 (, ),, 30,,,,, 26
, : (1) (NAA IAA IBA 2.4 D ) 5 10mL95%,,,, 0.5 1mg, (2) (KT BA 2 ip ) 1N,,,,, (3) (VB1 VB6 VB12 ) (4) 30,, (5), ( ) 80 20,,,, MS, ( 2 1 ), 1L ( ml) 2 4,,,,, CP ( ) AR( ),,, 27
MS mg L mg 1 ml ml NH 4 NO 3 KNO 3 CaCl 2 2H 2 O MgSO 4 7H 2 O 1650 1900 440 370 10 10 10 10 165000 19000 4400 3700 1000 1100 KH 2 PO 4 170 10 1700 MnSO 4 4H 2 O ZnSO 4 7H 2 O KI H 3 BO 3 Na 2 MoO 4 2H 2 O 22.3 8.6 0.83 6.2 0.25 100 100 100 100 100 2230 860 83 620 25 100 1 CuSO 4 5H 2 O 0.025 100 2. 5 CoCl 2 6H 2 O 0.025 100 2. 5 FeSO 4 4H 2 O Na 2 EDTA 2H 2 O 27.8 37.3 200 200 5560 7460 100 5 0.5 0.5 0.5 100 100 100 50 50 50 100 100 100 1 1 1 2.0 100 100 100 2 : FeSO 4 7H 2 O Na 2 EDTA 2H 2 O 450mL,, 2, ph 5.5, 1,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 28
1 MS : (1), ( ),,, 160 4,, 1.1kg cm 2 122 20, 1 2 (2) 750mL,,, ( ) (3) 2 1,, (4) 1 (5), 0.1 1N NaOH 0.1 1N HCl ph ( ph ), ph 5.8, (6),, 1 4 1 3,,, (7) ( ),,,,, 29
1.1kg cm 2, 122 20 (8), 1 2,,, 4,,,,,, 0.5kg cm 2,,,, 122,,,,,,,, ( 2 2) 2 2 ml 250 250 500 1000 1500 2000 121 min 20 25 30 35 40,,, 0,,, 30
MS ph ph ph,,, 2 1, 0.45 m,,, 2 1,, ( ),,,, 2 2 : 2 2 31
, 40,,,,,, 2 3, 1., :,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, ph 5.2 6.2, ph ;,, ;,,, ph 2. ph ph, 32
ph, ph,,, ( ph 0.2 ), ph,,, : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 1.,,,,,, 4,,,,,,,,,, 95%,, 1.2kg cm 2 33
, 20,,, 160 180 3,,,,, 2.,, 95% 500mL,,,, 3.,,, 1.2kg cm 2 122 20 30,,,,,, 70%, 4.,,,,,,, 34
, : (1),,, ( ), (2),, 100mL 1 2 1 5,, (3), 10, ( ),,,,, 80 (Tween 80),,,,,,,, 3,, 3 10,,,,, ( 2 3 ) ; ; ( 35
,,,, ;, ; 70%,,,, - 80-20, 0.1%,, 2 3 % min 9 10 5 30 2 5 30 5 30 1 2 2 10 10 12 5 15 ( ) 0.1 1 2 15 1 5 30 70 75 0.2 2 100 200 ml 30 60,,,,,, 1),,,, 36
70%, 2 3,,, 2% 10% 10 15, 0.1% 10 15, 4 2),,, 70%, 2 3, 10, 2 3, 3),, 70% 3 4, 2% 10, 2 3,, 10% 20 30, ( ) 0.1% 5,,,, 4% 8% 8 10,, 4),,,,,, 70%, 0.1% 0.2% 5 10, 6% 8% 5 15, 4 6,,,,, 37
,, 70% 20% 70%, 20,,,, 6., 30,,, 10, ( 70% ),,,,,,,,,, ( ),, ( ),, ( ) ( ),,, ( ) ( ),,, ( ) ( ), 38
,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1.,,, MS,,, MS,, MS, B 5 White Nitsch N 6,,, 2., 39
MS BA (0.5 5mg L), NAA (0.1 1.0mg L), 24 26, 10,,,, : BA (mg L), NAA ( mg L) 1 1 MS + BA1 + NAA0.1 1 2 MS + BA2 + NAA0.1 1 3 MS + BA3 + NAA0.1, NAA BA 2 1 MS + BA2 + NAA0.1 2 2 MS + BA2 + NAA0.5 2 3 MS + BA2 + NAA1.0, BA, NAA, 1 2 ;, 2 3, MS + BA2 + NAA0.5,,,,,, KT ZT 2 ip, IAA IBA 2.4 D, 2 3, 40
ph ph, ph5.6 5.8,, ph 5.4 5.0, ph ph, ph, ph 0.5 1.0,, ph,, ph,,,, ph 4.,, 20 30g L, 40g L, 70 100g L, 5. 22 28 25 2 15,, 35, 15 18 12, 33,,,,,,, 2 3, 30,,, 38 3 5, 41
20 30 1 4, 8, 10, 20, 30, 2 5,,,, 2 4 6, : 2 4 25 3 22 28 25 30 21 25 25 2 28 30 26 3 25 28 20 20 22 25 2 26 1 25 3 20 12 18 24 2 25 28 25 2 23 2 25 3 17 24 25 25 35 6.,,,,,,,, 42
,1 1000lx ; 300 500lx 1000lx,, 3000lx,,, ( ), 500 1000lx,, 3000 5000lx,, 15 16 12 16 24,, 16, 10 16 8 14 Kato (1978), ( ),,,,,,,,,, 7. 70% 80%, 50% 43
,, ( 85% ),,,,,,,, 95% 100%,, 8.,,,, 9.,,,,,,, 10.,, ( ),,,,,,,, 44
,,,,,,, ( ), ;,,,,,,, (1),,,,,,, (2),,,,,, (3),, 45
, (4),, ;,,, (5) ( ),, (6) ; : ;, ;,,,, ( ),, 46
,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1. 0.4% 1.0%,,,,,,,,,, ph,,,,,, 2.,, 47
, 1),,,,,,,,,, 200mL 22mL,,,,,, (, ),,, 3 4,, 2 5,,,, ( 70% ) 48
5 (10 ) % 26 130 46.2 (mm) 195.8 20 100.0 23.6 (mm) 100.0 : 100mL, 3, 24, 5mm 10 2),,, 1 2,,, 30 400, 2 4cm, 1 5,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, 49
20 60,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. 1960 Morel,, Fonnesbech,,,, 6,, 30 40, 1, 50
,,, 2.,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, 3. ( ),, ;, ;, ;,, 4.,,,,,, 51
,,,,,,, 5.,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; 4 : ;, ; ; 52
, ( ) 1.,,, : (1),, ;,,,,,,, 1 2,, ( ), (2) ; (3), (4),,,,, 53
,,,,,,,, 2.,, 3., 4.,,,, MS,,, 5.,,,,,,, 54
, ( ),,,,,,,,, 1.,,,,,,,,, 0.1 10.0mg L, 1.0 2.0mg L 6 ( BA), (KT) 2 (2ip), (ZT),,, 55
,, (NAA) ( IBA) ( IAA), 0.1 1.0mg 5.0mg,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.4 D, 2, 4, 5 T,,,,, 56
,,,,, 1 6, 0.1 10.0mg L, ( ),,, ( ), 3.,, 30 150,,, 2.4 D,,,,,, 4.,,,,, ( 0.5 1.0cm ) ; ; ; ( 0.5 1.0cm) 57
: (1),,,,,,,, (2),, 5. (1),, ; ; ; ; (2),,,,,, (3),,, 58
,, 4 5,,,, (4),,,, :,,,,,,,,,, (5), 6 7,, 8,,,, MS, MS,,, 4 6,,, 3 10,,,,,,,, 59
),,, 1.,, 1 2cm,, (MET) (CCC ), 2 10mg L 2,,,,,, (1) : (2),, 1 2 1 3 1 4, NH + 4,,, ;, Ca 2 + ; B Fe,, 10 30g L (3), 60
IBA, 0.2 10.0mg L, 1.0mg L ;, NAA,, 0.02 6mg L, 1.0 2.0mg L,,, (4),,, 0.5% (5),,, 16 25,,, ph, ph 5.0 7.0 2.,,,, : (1),, 3 4cm, 1 2,, 85%, 50%,, 22 28,,, 61
,,, (2) 1 3cm, 50 100mg L ABT, : ( 1 1),, 85% 90%,, 22 28 ( ) 3 4,,, (3) 2 3cm, 50 100mg L ABT, ( 1 1 ), 1cm,, 10 20,,, 22 28, 3 4 ( ),,,,,,,, 1.,,,,, : 62
(1),,,, (2),,,,,,, (3),,,, (4),, Ellen ( 1974 ), 96% 98%,,, 10,, (5),,,,,, 2) (1) (2) (3), (4) 63
,,,,,,,,,, : 1), ( ) :,, ;, ;,,, 30% 85% 2) ( ) 3),,,,,,,,,,,, 64
,,,,, 1 10, 3 10%, 10 30,, 3, 2 3 5% 8%,, 4),,, (1), :, 0.1 0.2mm,,,, 50%, (2),,,,,,,, : 2 4cm, 0.1 0.2cm,,,, 1 2,, 65
,,,, 2, 3 4, 5),,,,,,,,,,,, 3.,,, : (1),,,,, (20 25 ),, 1 2 (2), 10, 2, 20,,,,,, (50mg L ), ( ),,,,,, 5 10, 66
, 2 3, ( ),,, (4),,,,,,, :,,, (5),,, (6), (7) 1 2,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 67
, 1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : (1),, (2),,,,,, (3),, (4),,,, (5),,,, 68
, (6),,, (7),,, (8),,,,,,, :, 1 3,,,,,, 1cm,,, 1 2,, 2),,,,,,, (ph5.5 7.0),,,,,, ph5.0 6.0, 69
,,,, ;,, 1 100 ( ), 1 200 10 20 1,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 1m 3m,, 60, (, ),,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,,,,, 70
20cm 30 cm ;, 30cm 50 cm 50cm 80 cm,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5 8cm,,,,,,,,,,, 3 4,,,,,, 1, 3 4,,,, ( ),,, 71
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, DNA RNA, ;,,, ; ;, : 72
DNA RNA), DNA DNA, ;,, :, ( RNA), (DNA) ; RNA 3 :, ; ( ) ;, ( ) : ; ; ; ( ) X,,, :,,,,, ( 1950 ), 20 37,,,,,, 35 40, 73
,,,,, 38, 85% 95%,,,, ( ),,, 8,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, : ; ;, 74
1),,,,,,,,, (0.1% ) ( 0.1% ),,,,, 0.1% 8 10, 2 3, 2), (8 40 ),,, 1 2, 0.5mm ( 2 3 ),,,,,,, 2 3 75
3), MS,, 15cm 2cm, 10mL, 25 2, 1000 3000lx, 12 16 2.,,,,, (35 40 ),,,, Baker Kinnaman ( 1973 ) 38 2,,, 38, 85% 95%,,,,, 10 30, 9% 90% 40,,, 76
1. ( ) MS,,, 500 m,, 6 ( BA), 0.5mg L;, (GA 3 ),,,,,,, ( ),,, 2.,,,,,,, 1 2,,,,,, 77
, 1000lx, 4 2000lx, 1cm ( 5 6 ), 3000 4000lx 25 2, 4.,,, 1.,,,,, 4,,,,,,,, 2. 1 2,,,,,,,,, 3. 1,,,,,,, 78
,,,,,, ( ),,, 80%,,,,,, 4.0g L,, Stone (1973 ),,,,,,, 20% 30%,, ;, 79
20,,,,, 5 4,,, (1), (2),, 2 3,,, (3),,,,, (4),,,, 80
,,,,, (6),,,,,,,, 1., :, 10 30, 0.1% 10 15, 70% 10,,, 3 4,, 0.1N 1 5, 20 30, 45 90,,, 2.,,,, 81
,,,, 3. 1),,,,, : (1), (2),,, (3) B 1,,,,, (4),, (5),,, (6),,,, 82
,, ( 2 6 ) 2 6 ( mg/ L) Tukey Randolph & Rijven Rappaport Rangaswamy Norstog (1934) Cox( 1943) (1952) ( 1954) (1961) (1963) KNO 3 136 95 149 85 80 160 Ca( NO 3 ) 2 164 168 236. 8 Ca( NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O 260 290 KH 2 PO 4 23 NaH 2 PO 4 165 NaH 2 PO 4 H 2 O 800 Na( PO 3 ) n ( Calgon ) 10 10 Ca 3 ( PO) 2 170 Na 2 SO 4 200 MgSO 4 170 18 200 MgSO 4 7H 2 0 201 36 360 730 CaSO 4 170 KCl 680 65 65 65 140 FePO 4 2H 2 O 170 FeSO 4 H 2 O 1.2 FeC 8 H 5 O 7 ( 1 % ) 5mL 3mL 10 H 3 BO 3 0.4 0.5 0.5 CuSO 4 5H 2 O 0.1 0.025 0.25 MnSO 4 4H 2 O 0.4 0.5 3 3 Na 2 MoO 4 0.025 Na 2 MoO 4 2H 2 O 0.25 ZnSO 4 7H 2 O 0.2-0.5 0.5 (NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 0. 05 CoCl 4 0.025 CoCl 4 6H 2 O 0.25 : 6, 0.7% 1 %, 4 83
,,,,,,,,, 3) ph ph,, ph, ph 5.0 7.0, 4) 22 30, 5),, 12 12,, 2000lx 4. ( ) 1), 0.1% 3 5, 3 4,,,,,,, 10, 1 2, 84
1.0mg LIAA 600mg L White, 1.0mg LGA 3 MS ( 1.5% 5%, ph 5.8), 26 30 2000lx 16 3 4, 3) 4 5cm,,,,,, 1 3 3 3,,,,,, 20 25,,,, 2 3,,,, 85
,,,,,,,,,, (1),,,,,, (2),,, 50,, ( ), 70%, (3),,, (4) 86
160 180 3,,,,,,,,, 121, ( ),, 95%,, (5),,,, 30%,,,,,,,,, (6), ;, ; ;,, 87
,,,,,,,,, (7),, 20 15, ( ),,,,,,,, 5, 200 / ml 2mL 8 400mL, 2mL,,,,,, (8),,,, 88
,,,,,,,,,, (10),,,, 70%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 89
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. (1) :,,,,, (2),,,,,,, (3), ;,,,,,, 90
,,,,,,,,, (5), 0.5mm, 10 15mm,,,,,,, ;, 0.3%,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 91
15 25 25,, 7 17 27,,,,, Wang,, 5, 5,,, 7 4. (1),,,,,, (2),,,, Mn 2 + Cu 2 +,,,,, (3),,,, BA KT,, 2.4 D IAA, (4),,, ;, 92
,,, (5), PVP,,,,,, PVP, PVP,,,, (6),,, (7) ph ph,,, ph, 5.,,,,,,, 12 24, 1, 1, 1.,,,,, 93
40,, ph, ( 15 20 ) 2. ( PVP ),,,, ( 0.1% 0.5% ) 3., 1 6,,, ; ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 94
,,,, 1.,,,, 2.,,,,,, : ;,, ;,,,,,,,,, 3.,,, ; 95
,,,,,, ;, 4.,,,,,,,, 5.,, 28,, 20 6. ; 10 12, 8, 1000lx, (1),, (2),,, (3) Ca Mg Mn K P Fe Cu 96
N Cl, MS,, MS (4) (5) (6), (7),,, (8),,,,,,,,,,, ;, 1.,, 43%, 1.2%, 97
,,, 4,, 2,,,, 3. 5,,,, ; ; ;,,, (1),,, (2),,, (3) (4) (5) (6),,,, 98
,,,,,, 3 1 3 1 ( ) 1.,,, ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 2. ; ; ; 2. 4 D; ; 3.,, 4.,, ; ; ; ; ; 5.,, ; ; 1.,,, 2.,,,,, ; ; ; ; ;, ; 99
) 3.,,, ; ; 4.,, 5., ; ; 6., ;, ;, ;, ; ; ; 7. ; ph ;,,,,,, ;,, ; ; 8.,,, ;,, 9., ; ph ; ; ;, ph, 1., ;, ; ; ; 2.,, ;, ph ;, ; ; ; : 100
,, : 1. BA NAA IBA 5mg/ L, BA 8mg/ L,, 5mg/ L BA,,,, 2.,,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,, 2, 1 2,, 5, 20,,, 4.,,,,,,,,,, 101
,, : (1),,,,,, 5, 1 2,,, 3, 4 1 4, 5,, (2) 20, 15,,,,,,, ( 25 1 ), (3),,,,,,,,, 102
( Rosa Chinensis),, 17 18,, 2,,,, ; ; ; ;, ;,,,,,,, 1. ( ),,,,, 2 3cm, 1, 103
, 0.1% (Tween-80 ), 10 4 6,, 2. MS + BA2.0mg/ L + NAA0.1 mg/ L, 21 1 800 1200lx, 10 12 2 3, 1cm 3. MS + BA1.0mg/ L + NAA0.01mg/ L,, 5 6,,,, MS + BA0.5mg/ L + NAA0.01mg/ L,, 2cm, 1/ 2MS + IBA0.5mg/ L, 3,,,,, 1 10mm,,,, ; 4. 3 4, 2 3,, (1 1),, 3cm 5cm,, 0.1% ( 7 10 ) 85% 20, 1,, MS, 0.1% 0.3% 104
6,, 5cm 9cm, 1, 95% 98% 4 6,,,,,, ( Rhododendron),,, 1000, 600,,,,,,,,,,, 1. 2cm,, 0.1% 8, 5 2. ( Rhododendron indicum) 1/ 4MS + 2.4 - D1.0mg/ L + 6BA1.0mg/ L, 25 2, 12, 1500lx 1 2, 3. 1/ 2MS + ZT3.0mg/ L, 15 30 105
, 1 1 2000 1/ 4MS + IAA1.75mg/ L + 0.3% mg/ L, 90%, 30 4. 2 3cm,,,,,, 2, ( Chaenomeles lagenaria),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,,, 10, 70% 30, 0.1% 15, 4,, 3, 106
0.5 1.0cm,,, MS + BA2.0mg/ L + ZT1.0mg/ L + NAA0.5mg L + 100mg/ L,, 40,,,,, 3. 0.5mm 3, (MS + BA3.0mg/ L + IAA0.1mg/ L + NAA0.2mg/ L),,,,, 1000lx, 12, 1500 2000lx, 14 16, 22 25 4. 3 5cm, NAA0.3mg/ L + IBA0.2mg/ L, 1 3,, 1 2MS +, 2 1,,, 3,,,,, 10, 0.05% 0.05%, 10, 8cm, ( Michelia alba D. C. ),,,,,,,,,,, 107
, 1.,,, 70% 30, 0.1% 15, 4, 70%,, 8% 8, 3, 2. 0.5 1cm, 0.5cm, MS (VB 1 VB 6 ) + BA2.0mg/ L + ZT1.0mg/ L + NAA0.5mg/ L,, 0.5mm 3, MS + 2.4 - D0.5mg/ L + BA4mg/ L + ZT1mg/ L + NAA0.5mg/ L 30 25 2,,, 25,, 35,, 3., 1mm 3, MS ( VB 1 VB 6 ) + BA3.0mg/ L + IAA0.1mg/ L + NAA0.2mg/ L,,,, MS(VB 1 VB 6 ) + KT1.0mg/ L + BA2.0mg/ L + IAA1mg/ L + IBA0.5mg/ L, 2,,,, 1500lx, 14 /, 22 25 108
3cm,, MS + NAA1.0mg/ L + IBA0.5mg/ L, 30, 1 3,,, ( 1 1 ),,, 30 60,,, ( Gardenia jasminoides),,,,,,,,,,, 1., 0.5 1cm, 6 ( 0.8 1cm) 70% 30, 0.1% 15, 4, 3, 2. 0.5 0.8cm,, MS + BA2.5mg/ L + IBA0.5mg/ L, ph 5.2,, 0.5cm 3, MS + BA0.5mg/ L + KT0.5mg/ L + NAA0.1mg/ L + IBA2.0mg/ L, 30, 3 4,, 109
MS + BA3.0mg/ L + IBA0.2mg/ L,, MS + BA3.0mg/ L + NAA0.1mg/ L + IBA0.2mg/ L, 20,,,, ph, 5.2, 1000 1500lx, 8 10, 4. 3 5cm,, 1 2 MS + IBA0.2mg/ L + NAA0.1mg/ L, 10 15 20 2, 1 3,, 24,,, 1 1, ph 5.2,,,,,,, ( Daphne odora var. marginata),,,,,,,,,, 110
, 10% 15, 3,, 1 2cm, ( ), 2. MS + BA2mg/ L + NAA0.1mg/ L, 25 28, 1000 1500lx, 4 5,, 3., 10 12, 0.5 0.8cm, 4,, 2 3cm, 3 4, 1 5mg L NAA 2, 1/ 2MS, 3 4,, 1 2MS + NAA0.3mg/ L 4. 3 4cm, 2 3, ( 25 30 ),,,,, 1 1 1,,, ph 5.2 85% 25 30 70%,,,,, 1 2 111
0.1% 1/ 4MS,, 1 ( Camellia chrysantha), 1960,,,,,,,, 1., 1.0 1.5cm,, 70% 2,, 3,, 0.1% 10,,,,, 4 6,, 2. ER (MnSO 4 ZnSO 4, Na 2 MoO 4 2H 2 O 0.1mg/ L CuSO 4 5H 2 O CoCl 2 H 2 O 0.01mg/ L 1.0mg/ L, 1.0mg/ L 1.0mg/ L ) + BA2.5mg/ L + IAA1.5mg/ L + CH500mg + ZT5mg/ L, ph 5.0, 25 28 1000lx 10 3., 112
5 50 60,, 60, 30 40 10 6 ER + NAA8.0mg/ L,, 7, 4. 1 1.5cm, 1,, 25 28, 2500 7000lx, 90%,,, 1,,,,,, 17 20, ph, ph 5.4 7.5, ph 8, ph,, 1m ( ), 98%, 70%, 6 8 113
Cercis chinensis), 4,, 4 10,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,, 1 2cm,, 25% 30, 3,, 2.6% 30, 3, 2. MS + BA2.0mg/ L + NAA0.01mg/ L + IAA0.5mg/ L, ph5.8, 25 2500 3000lx, 12 15, ; 60, 10 15mm, 3. MS + BA2.0mg/ L + IBA0.1mg/ L, 50, 7, BA 1.0, 2.4; BA 2.0, 7.0; IBA 0, ; IBA 0.1,, 2 5cm 1/ 2MS + IBA0.5mg/ L 1/ 2MS + IBA1.0mg/ L 25 114
,, 95% ;,, 100% 4. 3 4cm, 2cm,, 3 4,,,,, 1/ 4MS 90%,, 25 1,, ; 15,,,,,, ( ), 3, 0.1%, 4, ( Chimonanthus praecox),,,,, 3,,,,,,, 10 20,,,,,, 115
,,, 5,, 3 4, 75% 30, 0.1% 4, 5,, 1, 2. MS (, ) + BA1.5mg/ L + ZT0.1mg/ L + 0.05mg/ L + 0.01mg/ L, 20% 0.8% ph 5.8 20 25 1000 2000lx, 12 8,, 15,,,, 30, 1.0 1.5cm, 3 4 3. 1.5cm 3 4, 1 15,, 3 5,, 30 2cm 1/ 2MS + NAA0.5mg/ L + IAA0.5mg/ L + 0.1mg/ L + LH300mg, 20, 2 3 4. 3 5cm, 45 5 ( ),,, 15cm,,, 20 25, 116
90%, 4000lx, 67% ( Syringa oblaea),, 30,, 4,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,,,, 70% 30, 1 2, 0.1% 10, 4, 0.5cm,,, 2. MS + BA0.1mg/ L + NAA0.05mg/ L, 3%, ph 5.8, 26 2 1600 2000lx, 10 12, 1, 3 4cm 3. 2 3,,, 2, 1.5 2cm 1/ 2MS + IBA2mg/ L + 2%, 20, 5 6, 1 3cm 117
3 5,, + (1 2),,,,,, 20, ( Magnolia denudata ),, 3,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,, 6, 70% 1 2, 0.1% 8, 4 6,,, 0.5 1cm, 2. MS + IBA0.2mg/ L + 3%, 20 25, 1500lx, 12 5 7,,,, 10 3. 20 25, MS + BA2.0mg/ L + ZT2.0mg/ L + IBA0.2mg L + 3% 118
20 3 6,,,, 3cm, 1/ 2MS( ) + MS( + KT0.3mg L, ) + IBA0.5mg/ L + 2.5%, 1, 4., 3 5, 45, 5,,, (28 ), + (1 2 ), 90%,, 25 1, 0.1%, 10 0.1% 20 30,,, ( Lagerstroemia indica),,,,,,, 6 9,,,, 1.,, 0.1% 8, 4 6, 2. 1/ 2MS + BA1.0mg/ L + KT0.05mg/ L + 0.1mg/ L, 25 28, 2000lx, 119
3,, 3. 2 3,,, MS 2,, 1/ 2MS + NAA0.5mg/ L + IBA0.1mg/ L, 3 4. 3 6, 3 5,,,,,, (2 1), 85% (25 ),, 1, 1, ( Prunus triloba),,, 1 2,,, 4,,,,,,, 1.,,, 70% 20,, 2 3, 0.1% 8, 4 6, 120
, 1 2, MS + BA2.0mg/ L + NAA0.1mg/ L + IBA0.1mg/ L + LH100mg/ L, 20 25, 2000 3000lx, 10 12 5,,12,, 1.5 2cm,,20 25 4 5cm, 1 2, 3. 20,,, 2 7 ; 30, 4cm; 35, MS + BA0.5mg/ L + NAA1.0mg/ L + IBA0.1mg/ L ; 22,,,,,, 1.5 2cm, 1/ 2MS + H 3 BO 3 14mg/ L + NAA0.6mg/ L + IBA1.0mg/ L, 10, ; 15, 0.5cm, 10 ; 20, 4., 3 5,,, ( 1 1), 90% ( 20 25 ) 70%,,,15 20,,, 95% ( Cordyline fruticosa),,, 121
,,, 1.,,, 1cm, 0.15% 15, 6, 2. MS + 2, 4 - D2.0mg/ L + BA0.2mg/ L, 25, 1500lx, 10 2 3,,, 3.,, MS + BA5mg/ L + NAA0.2mg/ L, 5 8,,,,, ;,,, ; 2 3, 2cm 1/ 2MS + NAA1.0mg/ L + IBA1.0mg/ L + 30g/ L, 2, 100%, 12, 4. 5 6, 2 3,,,,, 24 28, 90% 95%, 122
15 0.1% 1 ( Codiaeum variegatum), ;,,,,,,,,, 1.,,, 10, 70% 20,,, 5% 15, 4 8,, 10 15mm, 2. MS + BA2.0mg/ L + NAA1.0mg/ L, 24 32, 800 2000lx, 12 3 4,, 5mm, 3 5 3. 5mm,, MS + BA3.0mg/ L + NAA0.2mg/ L,,,,, 123
, 2 3cm, 1/ 2MS + NAA1.0mg/ L + IBA1.0mg/ L + 30g/ L,, 6 4 6, 4. 3 4cm, 2 3,, ( 25 30 ),,,,, ( ), ( 85% ), 25 30, 70%,, 15 20, (, ) 1 2, 0.2%,, 1,, ( Euphorbia pulcherrima),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 124
,, 0.1% 10, 4 6,, 2. MS + 2, 4 D1.5mg/ L, 25 2, 1000lx, 10 12 20 30, 3. MS + BA2.0mg/ L + NAA0.1mg/ L, 15, MS + BA1.0mg/ L + IBA0.1mg/ L, 1, 2 4cm, 2cm 1/ 2MS + NAA0.2mg/ L + 0.1% BA 2, 1 3, 4., ( ), 3 5,,, 1 1,,,, 25 1 10,, 10 15,, 15, 30cm 125
25,, ( Paeonia suffruticosa),,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,, 70% 10, 0.1% 8, 4 6,, 1cm 2, 1 2cm, 2. MS + BA2.0mg/ L + NAA0.1mg/ L + LH500mg/ L, 20 25, 10 12, 1500lx, 3 4,, MS + BA2.0mg/ L + IAA0.2mg/ L,, 3., MS + BA2.0mg/ L + IAA0.2mg/ L + KT0.2mg/ L, 126
, MS + BA2.0mg/ L + NAA0.4mg/ L 3 4cm, 1/ 2MS + IAA1.0mg/ L + IBA1.0mg/ L + 2%, 25,,, 1/ 2MS, 1,, 1 3, 4. 2 3, 3 4cm,,, 3 4,, (1 1), 1/ 4MS,, 20,, 1, 2,,, ( Hibiscus syriacus),,, 6 9,, ;,,,, ; ; ;,,,,,,,,,,, 127
1.,, 70% 9, 0.1% 8, 3 4,,, 1 2. MS + NAA0.05 0.1mg/ L + 6 BA0.5 1.0mg/ L, 1 2,,, 3,, 4, 2 3cm 22 25, 2000lx, 12 3.,, 4, MS + NAA1.0mg/ L + 0.2%, 3 4, 4. 3 4cm, 1 2,, ( 25 ),,,,, + + (1 1 2),, 70%,, 22 25,, 1 2,, 0.1%, 1, 128
Kerria japonica),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,,, 2 5cm 1 2, 70% 10,, 0.1% 7, 3 4,,,, 1cm 1, 2. MS + BA3.0mg/ L + NAA0.2mg/ L, 25 2, 2000lx, 12 10, ; 20,, 1 2 ; 30, 2.5cm 5 6 3., MS + BA2.0mg/ L + NAA0.05mg/ L, 10, ; 15 18, 0.5 1mm, 129
25,,, 4., MS + BA1.2mg/ L + IBA0.1mg/ L + NAA0.6mg/ L 15 20,, 1/ 2MS + IBA1.0mg/ L + NAA0.6mg/ L + PG ( ) 3.0mg/ L 2, ; 3, 0.5 1cm, ( Prunus serrulata),, 4 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. 4 5,,,, 0.5cm 6 8cm, 70% 20, 0.1% 4, 4 6,,,, 130
MS + BA2.0mg/ L + NAA0.2mg/ L + PVP0.02mg/ L ( 30g/ L, ph 5.9 ), 25 2, 1000 1500lx, 12 2, 4, 2 3cm, 3., MS + BA0.5 3.0mg/ L + NAA0.05 0.3mg/ L, 28 35, 3 4, BA,,,, BA 4.,, 2cm 1/ 2MS + NAA1.5mg/ L + IBA0.2mg/ L + 0.1% AC, 2cm MS + BA0.1mg/ L + NAA0.05mg/ L, 25 27, 2000 2500lx,, 1 5cm,,,, 1, 1 2,, (25 ),,,,, ( + +, 1 2 2),,, 75% 1, 7 10,,, 3 5cm,, 131
cm,, ( Nandina domestica),,,,, 5 7,,, 9 10,,,,,,,, - 15, 1.,, 0.1% 10, 4 6,,, 2. MS + BA1.0mg/ L + NAA0.1mg/ L + CH400mg/ L, ph 5.8, 25 2, 1000 1500lx, 12 10,, 30, 3cm, 3. 1/ 2MS + IBA1.0mg/ L,, 5 6,,, 3, MS + BA0.2mg/ L + IAA0.25mg/ L,, 10, 30 132
, 7 4.,,, 1 2,, (25 ),, ( + + 2 1 2 ),,, 20, 25 28,,, 1 2, 30 40, ( Jasminum nudiflorum), 2 3,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,, 70% 1 2, 0.1% 8, 4 5, 1, 2. MS + BA3.0mg/ L + NAA0.05mg/ L + IAA0.5mg/ L, ph 5.8 6.0, 22 25, 1500 2000lx, 12 12, 133
2 3cm, MS + BA1.0 3.0mg/ L + NAA0.05 0.1mg/ L + GA 3 0.1 2.0mg/ L, 4,,,, 1/ 2MS + NAA0.5 1.0mg/ L, 10 12, 1/ 2MS, 12 15, 4. 3 5cm,,, ( ) 1, 1 2,, (22 25 ),,, ( ),, (2 1 + 1 ),, 75%, 25 2 20,,,, 0.1%,, ( Bougainvillea glabra),,,, 3, 3,,,,,, 6 10,,, 134
, ( ),,,,, 2 3cm, 1,, 15 30, 4 6,,,, 2. MS + BA2.0mg L + NAA0.1mg L, 28 30, 3000lx, 12 14 2,, 3,, 3.,,,,,, MS + IBA0.1mg L,, 4. 3 4cm ph 4.5 5.0 4 7, 1 2,, (28 ),, (2 1 ),, 90% 95%, 70%, 30, ; 2,,,,, 3 4, 135
( Cymbidium faberi Rolfe),,,,,,,,,,,, 1. 2 4,,, ( 5 10cm),,,, 1 2, 70% (3 4 ), 0.1% 20, 3,,,, 5mm, 0.05% 2,, 2mm 1.5mm 1.5mm, 1, 2. Fonnesbech KT1.0mg L + 6 - BA5.0mg/ L + NAA0.5mg/ L 10%,, 160rpm, 25, 12, 2000lx 2,, 6 136
,, 30 40 1 10% Knudsone,,, 4. 3 10 20cm 3 5cm, 2 3,, 3 4,,, 1, ( 50% ) 20, 90%,,,,, 5 7 ;,,,, ;, 1 2 ( Cattleya), 65,,,,,,,, 137
, :,, 9 12cm,,,, 70% 30,, 5% 5 10,,,,,,, 1 2mm 3,,,, 0.1% 5 8 2. MS + NAA0.1mg/ L + 6BA3mg/ L + KT0.5mg/ L 15 20, ph 5.5, 16, 2000lx :, : ; : ( Rutin ) 15mg/ L, 20% 5mL/ L, 0.05% 0.5%, 1 4g/ L, ( PVP ) 5 10g/ L; 15 20,, ; ph, ph 4.5 5.0, ; ph 5.5,, ;,,,,, 138
, 10% 15% 5% 10%,, 26, 16, 2000lx,, 4 6 30 40 1, 1,,,,, 4 6,,,,,,, 4, 4,, 1.5 2cm,, 10% 100 5cm, 10 15cm, 2 3 4.,,, 15 20, 30, 70% 80%, 50%,,,,,, 139
Phalaenopsis giganteam), 70,,,,, 3 4,,,,, 1. (1) 120,, 75% 30, 3, 0.1% 5, 4 6,,,, MS + BA0.5mg/ L + NAA0.1 mg/ L + 3% 60, 4cm, 2 3 (2),,,, 1 2MS + 6 - BA5.0mg/ L + NAA0.5mg/ L, 4, 2. (1),,, 0.3 0.5mm, MS + BA5.0 mg/ L,, 25 2 1500lx, 12 16 14,,, 1, (2) MS + 6 - BA5.0mg/ L,,, 140
, 15% 0.5mg/ L IAA 6.0mg/ L,,, 1 2 4 6,,,, ( BA IAA ), 3 4,,,, 3 5cm, 2 3, 4.,, 25, 5 35,,,,,,,,,, ( Dendrobium), 1600,,,, 141
1.,,,, 8% 15 20,,, 2 3mm 2. MS 15%,, 160r/ min, 10 26 3, 24, 2000lx 35 3,, 3.,,,,,,,, 5% MS, 2 4.,, 8,, 35,,,, ;,,, 142
,, ( Lilium spp. ), 80, 35,,,,,,,, 1.,, 70% 30, 0.1% 15 20 ( ), 4 6, 5 8mm, 2. MS + BA2.0mg/ L + NAA0.1mg/ L, 20 25, 1500lx, 12 20, 6 10 ; 30, 2 3cm 3. 2 3cm,, MS + BA0.5mg/ L + NAA0.05mg/ L, 2000lx, 20, 9 143
1/ 2MS + IBA0.2mg/ L + 0.5% 15, ; 30, 0.4 0.8cm, 4., 3 5, ( 1 1 ), 15 25 70%, 50%, 90%, 5 100 (1 1),,, 70%, 15 25,, 100% ( Gladiolus hybridus Hort ),,,,,,,,,, 1. 15cm,, 1cm, ( ) 3 4cm, 75% 1 2,, 10% ( 2 ) 20, 0.1% 10 5 6 144
2.,,, 0.2 0.5mm 1 2 N 6 + BA0.5mg/ L + NAA0.1mg/ L 1, 20 24, 16 1500lx, 3.,,, (MS + IBA0.4mg/ L + 0.8% ),,, 800lx, 12, 22 4.,, 1 2 cm,,,,, (3 5, 4 6 ),, 70%, 22 25,, 80% 100% ( Cyclamen persicum),, 145
,, 4 5,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,, 75% 1, 0.1% 10, 4 6,, 5mm 2 2. MS + BA2mg/ L + KT0.5mg/ L + NAA0.1 mg/ L,,,, 30 20, 3. MS + BA2.0mg/ L + KT0.1mg/ L, 20 MS + IBA0.2mg/ L, 20, 30 2 8mm, 1 8 2500lx,,, 20 4., 3 4,,, (1 1), 15 25, 70%, 146
4,,,, 3, 8 9 ( Tulipa gesnerana),,, 8000,,,,,, 3 5,,,,,,,,,, 1., 4, 15 20, 0.1% 7 10, 4 6,, 5 8mm 2 2. MS + BA1.0mg/ L + CH500mg +, 26 1,, 3 147
MS BA2.5mg/ L + NAA3.0mg/ L,,, MS + 6 - BA2.0mg/ L + NAA0.5mg/ L,, 3. MS + BA1mg/ L + GA0.5mg/ L + CH500mg + 2%, ph5.8, 4, 2.0cm, ( 1/ 2MS + NAA0.3mg/ L), 10 2, 4.,,,,, ( Begonia tuberhybride),,,, 20cm,,,,,,,,,, 25, 10,, 1.,, 148
70% 30, 0.1% 5 7, 4 6, 0.5cm 2 2. MS + BA1.0mg/ L + NAA0.2mg/ L, 1, 3.,,, 1/ 2MS + NAA1.0mg/ L, 100% 4., 2 3,,,,,,, (1 1 1 ) ( ),,, ( ), 18 20, 1 2,, 30,, ( Freesia refracta),,,,,,, 149
,,,, ;, 1., 70% 1, 0.1% 7 10, 4 6,,, 2 5mm 2. MS + BA0.2mg/ L + NAA0.2mg/ L + IBA0.1mg/ L, 24 2, 1000 1600lx, 14 10,,,,, 20, 5 8, 3. 1,, MS + BA0.75mg/ L + NAA0.2mg/ L + IBA0.1mg/ L, 10,, 20, MS + NAA0.2mg/ L + IBA0.2mg/ L, 2,, 4., 2 3, ( Zantedeschia aethiopica), 150
,,,, 1.,, 70% 30, 0.1% ( 2 ) 7 10, 4 6, 3mm 2., MS 1 + 6 - BA0.75mg/ L + NAA0.2mg/ L + IBA0.2mg/ L + LH50mg/ L + Vc5mg/ L (MS 1 MS, NH 4 NO 3 KNO 3, KH2 PO4 25mg/ L) 24 1500lx, 14 5,, ; 10, ; 20, ; 25, 1.2cm, 3.,,,, 2.9cm, MS 1 + 6 - BA0.6mg/ L + NAA0.3mg/ L + IBA0.05mg/ L, 20, 2 3, 0.9cm, 2 3 5, 4., (1 1 2),,,, 400,, 1/ 3MS, 10 151
, 85% ( Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1., 4 10 4 9,,, 70% 10, 0.1% ( 2 ) 7 10, 4 6,, 1 2, 2. MS + BA1.0mg/ L + NAA1.0mg/ L + CH250mg/ L + 4%, 20 25, 1500lx, 10 10,, 20, 3.,, 152
MS IBA0.5mg/ L + 2%, 15, 4., ( 1 1 3 ), 20 70% 50%, ( Sinningia speciosa),,,,,,,,,,,,, 1., 70% 10, 0.1% ( 2 ) 7 10, 4 6, 2., 1cm, 0.8 1cm MS + NAA0.2mg L + BA2.0mg L 25 2, 1500lx 12, 6, 3.,, 40, 1, 10, 1.5 2cm, 1/ 2MS + NAA0.03mg/ L 153
, 1 4. 0.5cm,,, (1 1), 25, 85%, 1/ 4MS 10,, 20,, 30,,,,, ( Amaryllis vittata),, 5 6,,,,, 1., 8% 15 20, 3 4,,, 2mm 2. MS + NAA1mg/ L + BA0.5mg/ L, 20 25, 1000lx, 8 10, ( ) 3., 6,,, 154
, 3 4,,,,,, ( 1 1) 15 25, 80%,, 6 ( Anthurium andraeanum),,,,,,, 1. 11,,, 1cm 2 75% 20, 0.1% 5, 4 6, 2. 1/ 2MS + 6 - BA2.0mg/ L, 28 30, 1000lx, 12 20,,,, 3. 2 MS + 6 - BA0.5mg/ L + KT0.1 mg/ L, 2,,, 3 4, 1/ 3MS + IBA0.5mg/ L + NAA0.1mg/ L ( 2% ) 1, 155
5 4. 3 4cm, 1, 2 3,,,,, ( 1 1),, 25 28,,, ( Dendranthema morifolium),,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,,, 36 38 2,,, 70% 30, 0.1% ( 2 ) 7 10, 4 6,,, 0.4 0.5mm, 2. MS + BA1.0mg/ L + NAA0.1mg/ L, 22 28, 1000 1600lx, 12 156
,, 4 6 3., 4 6, 5 10,, 1/ 2MS + NAA0.1mg/ L, 2 3cm 2, 100% 10g/ L,, 4.,, 22 3, 80%, 1 4MS, 2 3,,, ( Dianthus caryophyllus),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,, 36 38 2,,, 0.1% 8 10, 4 6,,, 157
0.3 0.4mm ( 1 2 ), 2. MS + BA1.5mg/ L + NAA0.1mg/ L, 25 2, 1800lx, 12 14, 1,, 3 4 (15 25 ), 3.,,, 1, MS + BA0.1mg/ L + NAA0.1mg/ L,,, ( 2 3cm) 1/ 2MS + NAA0.2mg/ L + 0.1, 2 4. 3 4cm, 2 3, 2 3,,,,,,,, 24 28, 90%,, 2,,,, 40 60, 5 7cm, 30, 32cm 43cm 7cm,, 2,, 2 3,, 158
Hemerocallis hybrida),,,,,,, 1., 0.1% 8, 4,, 5mm 2. MS + BA2mg/ L + NAA0.1mg/ L + 2, 4 - D 0.5mg/ L, 22 24, 1500lx, 12 2 3, 3. 0.5cm MS + BA2mg/ L + NAA0.1mg/ L, 4,,, 4, 2 3cm, MS + NAA0.1mg/ L, 2 3, 4., 2 3,,, ( 1 1),, 20 2, 80%, 95% ( Pentas lanceolata),, 159
,,,,,,,, 1.,,, 70% 30, 0.1% 10,, 5, 4, 3, 2. 0.5mm 2,,, MS + BA2mg/ L + NAA0.5mg/ L,,,,, 25 2, 1500lx, 12 14 15 25,,,,,, 30, 3. MS + BA0.5mg/ L + NAA0.1mg/ L,, 20, 2 3cm 4. 3cm, 1 2MS + NAA0.5mg/ L, 10, 10mg/ L 30, 160
1, 15,,, 30 60,,,,,, :,, 4 5 9 10, ( Petunia hybrida),,,,, 9 10cm,,, 1.,, 3, 70% 30 0.1% 10 15, 4, 3, 2., 0.5cm, 0.5mm 2, MS + BA1mg/ L + NAA0.1mg/ L, MS + BA2mg/ L + NAA0.2mg/ L + IBA0.2mg/ L, 22 25, 1000lx, 8 10 3. 15,,,,,,, 161
,, 25 35,,,,, 2000lx,,, 2cm, 4., 1/ 2MS + NAA0.1mg/ L, 7 NAA15 20mg L 30,, ( ) 1 1,,,, 0.05%, ( Gypsophla paniculata),, 20 90,,,,,,, 1.,,, 70% 15, 0.1% 8, 4 6, 162
1 2, MS + BA0.75mg L + NAA0.1mg L + IBA0.1mg L + VC5.0mg L + 50mg L, 18 20, 1,,, 1500lx; 14 5, ; 20, 1.0cm, MS + BA1.0mg L + NAA0.1mg L, 10, 3. 25 2 3, MS + BA0.5mg L + NAA1.0mg L 1,, ; 18 1 2, MS + BA0.5mg L + NAA0.05mg L 10,,, 0.5 1.0cm 3 20 1,, MS + BA0.2mg L + NAA0.1mg L, 25 40,, 8 10,,,,, CH80mg L MS 20,, ;, 2cm MS + BA0.5mg L + NAA0.05mg L + IBA0.1mg L + CH100mg L, 8,,, 1cm, 4., 2 3,, 163
,,, (1 2), 85%, 22,, 1 4MS,15 20 ( Saintpaulia ionantha),, 2000,,, 8,,,,,, 1.,, 70% 10, 0.1% 8, 4 6,, 0.5cm, 2. MS + BA1.0 3.0mg L + NAA0.1mg L, 25, 12, 1000lx 1, ( 25 40 ), 100% 3.,, 5 6, 2 3cm, 1 2MS + IBA0.2mg L, 10,,,, 0.5 1cm, 164
( 1 1 ), 25 85%, 2 3, 15, 10,,, 1,, ( Philodron. erubescens, Red Emerald ),,,,,,,, 1.,, 70% 20, 0.1% ( 1 2 ) 8, 4 6,, 2. 0.5cm MS + BA5.0mg L + NAA0.2mg L, 26 2, 2000lx, 12 2,, 4,,, 3. 2 3, MS + BA2.5mg L + NAA0.1mg L, 4, 6 8 MS + NAA0.1mg L, 165
3cm 4,, MS + NAA0.2mg L 4, 4., 3 4, ( 25 30 ),, 10,,, (1 1 ), 80%, 3,, 85%, 20,,, 95% 5 6,, 10, ( Spathiphyllum kochii),,,,,,,, 1.,,, 4cm,,, 1,,,, 70% 20, 0.1% ( 1 2 ) 8, 4 6,,, 1 2, 2 3mm 166
28 30 1000lx, MS + BA1.0mg L + NAA0.1mg L, 10 12 20,,,,, 3., 1,, 4, 2 5cm, 1 2MS + BA0.1mg L + NAA0.5mg L, 2, 4 5 7 3 4cm,, 4, 6 8 4., ( ), 4 6,, 10,,,, ( 1 1 ),,, 85%, 20 25,,,, 1 90% ( Clivia miniata Reg. ),,,,,,,, 167
,, 0.1% 8, 5,, 0.5mm,, 70% 8% 8, 3, 2. MS + BA3.0mg L + NAA0.3mg L, 22 25, 1500lx, 10,,, MS + BA2.0mg L + ZT1.0mg L + NAA0.5mg L,,, 60 (, ), 1,,, 3. ( ) 2, 2 3cm,,, MS + KT1.0mg L + BA0.5mg L + NAA0.1mg L,,,,,,, 1 2MS + NAA0.5mg L + IBA0.2mg L, 20 1 2, 4.,,, 2 3,, (1 1 1) 168
, 1,, 20 25 85%,, 2,,,, ( Kniphofia sp. ),,,,,,,,,,, 1.,, 1, 2. MS MS + BA2.0mg L + NAA0.5mg L,, 25 1, 2000lx, 12 4 5,,, MS + BA3.0mg L + IAA1.0mg L 5 6, 3. 2 3,,, 10 15mm,, 4cm, 2 3 1 2MS + NAA0.1mg L 169
3,, 4., 2 3,,,, (1 1), 80%, 25,,,,, 2, ( Dahlia pinnata) 1500, 3, 5 25cm,,,,,,,,, 1., 70% 1, 0.1% 8, 4 6, 2. MS + BA2.0mg L + NAA0.1mg L, 25, 2000lx, 12 10, 20, 3. 2 3 170
2cm, 1 2MS + IBA0.1mg L 10,, 20 4., 2 3,,,,,, 3 4, 90% 2 3,, 150 ( Caladium sp. ),,,,,,,,, 1.,,,, 5 8mm, 2. 5 8mm MS + BA1.0 3.0mg L + NAA 0.6 3.0mg L ( 200mL 22mL, ), 28 30, ( 171
10, 3. 3, 40, 30,, MS + BA1.0mg L 1,,,, 28%, 1,, 4., 2 3,,,,,,,, 85%, 20 25, 90%,, 4 5,,,,, ( Maranta leuconeura var. kerchoveana),,,,,,,,, 172
,,,,,,, 70% 10,,, 1,, 0.1%, 10mL 1 80, 8, 8,,, 6 10mm, 2. MS + 0.5mg L + 0.2mg L + BA3mg L + NAA0.2mg L + 30g L + 5.5g L,, 5, 6 7cm, 4 5, 26 1, 14, 800 1000lx 3. ( BA 3 6mg L),, 1 1 1 2, 4 5 ( 1 ),,,,, 2 3, 5 8 10 20,,, 1 2MS + NAA0.3 0.6mg L + 0.1% 1, 5 10cm,,, 4., 2 3,,, ( ) 173
,, 5 6,, 20 25,, 3 4,, ( Dieffenbachia picta),,,,,,, 1.,, 2. MS + BA1.0 4.0mg L + NAA0.1mg L, 25 30, 10 2000lx, 1,, 2cm 3. 0.6 0.8cm,, 10 MS + BA5.0 10.0mg L, 4,,,, 45, 4 5, 1 2MS + NAA0.5mg L, 1, 5cm, 174
3, 4 5, ( Chlorophytum etatum),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1., 2. MS + 2,4 D1.0mg L, 26 30, 12 14, 800 2000lx 6 8, MS + BA3.0mg L + NAA1.0mg L,, 3.,, 6, 1 2MS + NAA0.1mg L, 3, 175
,, ( Monstera deliciosa),,,,,,, 1.,, 70% 20, 0.1% 8, 4 6,, 1cm, 2. ( ) MS + BA2.0mg L + NAA1.0mg L, 25, 10, 600 800lx,, 3.,, MS + BA8.0mg L + NAA1.0mg L,,, 40, 1,,,,, 176
3cm, 3 ), 1 2MS + NAA1.0mg L + 0.5%, 2, 1, 4., 1 2 3,,,,,,,,,,, 25,, 1 2,,,,,,,,,,, ( Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth),,,,,,, 5 6,,,,, 177
1., 2 3,,,, 5,, 10%,,,, 20, ( ),, 3, 2. 5 8mm, MS + BA1.0 3.0mg L + NAA0.1 0.3mg L, 23 26, 10 12, 3 4, 3. 1500 2000lx, 4, 2 3cm 1 2MS + NAA0.1 mg L 2 3, 4. 3cm, 3 4,, 3 5, (30 ), 2: 1 80%, 50%, 22 25, 2 3, 1 2, 4 4 1 178
, 3 4,,,, ( Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. friedrichii f. ),,, 3 5cm,,,,,,,,,,, 1.0cm, 1. 2 3, 1cm, 2. 4 6, MS + BA 3.0 5.0mg L + NAA0.1 0.3mg L, 30g L 6g L, ph 5.7 24 26, 1500lx, 10 12 3 4,, MS + BA1.0mg L + NAA0.01mg L, 2 3, 3., MS + BA0.5 1.0mg L + NAA0.05 0.01mg L 1cm, 179
, 4. 2MS + IBA0.3mg L 2 4 1.5cm,, 3 5,, (30 ), 1 1, 70% 80%, 50%, 22 26,, ( ), ( Aole arborescens Mill. ),,,,,,,,, 1.,, 0.1% 15, 5 6 2., 5mm, MS + BA3.0 4.0mg L + NAA0.2mg L 22 26, 1000 2000lx, 10 12 6 8, 180
1 1.5cm,, MS + BA2.0mg L + NAA0.1 0.2mg L, 2cm, 1 2MS + NAA0.1mg L + IBA0.1mg L + 0.5g 4 6, 4. 3 4cm, 3 5,,, 1 3, 80% 90%, 22 26, 50%,,,, 20 28,, 2 3 2, ( Sedum margonianum E.walth),,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,, 3, 1.0 1.5cm, 2. MS + BA2.0mg L + NAA0.3mg L + LH500mg L 181
ph 5.4, 25, 1500lx, 12 10 14, ; 20 30, 3.,, 25 30, 1 2MS,, 4. 3 4, 3 5,, 25, 50%, 2, ( Haworthia fasciata Haw. ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,, 3, 1cm, 2. MS + BA2.0mg L + NAA0.2mg L + LH500mg L, ph 5.4, 25 1, 1500lx, 12 10 14, 182
, 3. MS, 20 30,, 4., 3 4,,,,,,,, 2,,,,, ( Kalanchoe blossfeldiana ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 12, 5,,,,,,,, 1., 70% 20, 2, 0.1% 8, 183
,, 1cm 2 1 2 2. MS + BA1.0mg L + NAA0.1mg L, 25 2, 1500 2000lx, 10 18, 3. 1 2,,, 20, 2, 1 2MS + NAA0.1mg L, 3,,,, 100%, 12 4.,, 15 25,, 2 3,, 2, (4 4 2),, ( Haworthia cymbifarmis var. transluceus),,,,,,,,,, 184,
,, 3 4,, 2. MS + BA2.0mg L + NAA0.2mg L, 20 25, 1000lx, 10 12 1,, 2,, 25 30,,, 3.,,, 1 2MS + NAA0.1mg L,,,,,,, 4., ( Echeveria glauca Baker),,,,,,,,, 185
1.,,,, 1cm 2. MS + BA2.0mg L + NAA0.1mg L, 24 26, 12, 1500 2000lx 2,, 3.,,, 4, MS + BA0.5mg L + NAA0.02mg L, 1 2MS + NAA0.1mg L, 2, 4., 3 5, (30 ),,,,,,,,,,, 4 5,, ( 10 ) 1 2 1, 50%, 22 26 2, 4 6,, 186
Sedum erythrostictum),,,,,,,,,, 1.,, 3, 70% 30 0.1% 10, 4, 3,, 2. 0.5mm 3,, (, ), 25 2, 1500lx, 10, MS + KT2mg L + 2.4 D0.2mg L + NAA0.3mg L, 30, 3. MS + BA2.0mg L + ZT1.0mg L + NAA0.3mg L, 20,,, 4. 3cm,,,, 1 2MS + NAA0.1mg L 7, 1 1 1, 15,,, 1 1, 187
( Platycerium bifurcatum),, 12, ( P. wallichii) 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1., 70%, 0.05% 3 5, 0.01% 3 5, 0.8 1.0cm 2 2., MS + BA0.1 1.0mg L + IBA0.5 1.0mg L + IAA0.5 1.0mg L, 23, 500lx, 8, 1, 3. 0.5cm,,, 188
2MS + IAA1.0mg L + GA0.1mg L 1, 1 1.8cm, MS + IAA1 3mg L, 1, 4. 3 4cm,,, (, ),,,,, 0.1%, ( Nephrolepis auriculata),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. 2.5cm,, 70%, 10% 15, 3 5, 5 10mm 189
1 2MS + BA2.0mg L + 500mg L + B 1 5.0mg L + NAA0.1mg L + 2%, ph 5.7 : 25, 1000 1500lx, 10 20, 3.,,,, 1 2 3cm, ( 1 2MS + NAA0.1mg L + 2% ) 30 40, 4. 3 4,, 90% 95%, 60%, 24 28, 1 2 1 1 2,,,, 1 2,,,,, 5, 20 30 ( Adiantum capillus-veneris),, ( ),,,, 190
,, 1., 2 3,,, 2., (MS + 3g L) 22 26, 600 1000lx, 8 10 4 6,, 3.,, MS,,, 2 3cm (1 2MS + NAA0.1mg L) 2 3, 3cm,, 4., 3 4 1 2 1, 90% 95%, 60%, 24 6 8,,,,,, 2,,, 191
15 25 ( Neottopteris nidus),,,,,,,, 1. 2 3,,, 2. 1cm 2cm,, MS + 5g L, : ph 5.6, 6g L, 24 28, 1000 1500lx, 8 4 6, 3. MS, 2 3,, 2 3cm 1 2MS + NAA0.1mg L, 6 8, 4., 3 4,,, 1 1 2 192
90% 95%, 60%, 22 26 2 3,,,, 2,,,,, 20 30 193
1840 Liebig,,, 1938, 20 80 ( 5 1), 5 1 1995 % 5110 1030 983 870 760 540 380 106 100 51 46 36 19 1 2 18 75 < 1 < 1 :,,,,,,,,, 21,,, 194,
,,,,,,,,,,,, 9, 5 50cm, 30cm, 20, 130 : 1 8 1 4,, 1. ( ) ( ),,, 0.05 0.1 ;, ;, 8 10 ;, 8cm 8cm 6cm 10cm 10cm 8cm,, 1 3;, 30% ;,, 195
1 4,,,,,, 1cm,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 50cm 40cm 12cm 100cm 80cm 24cm, 2.,,,,,,, 3.,,,,, 196
,,,,,,,, 1 100 1 200 20 90cm, 12 20cm, 1 10m;,, 80cm, 15 20cm, 150 200cm 5. 60 200m 2 5 1 5 1 (1),, 197
,,,,, ph,,,,,,,,, 4.5, 2m, 1.5m 1.5m,,, 20cm (2),, 1 100, 20cm,, 20m 5 2 5 2 198
cm, 30cm, 20cm,,,,, ( 20mm, 25mm) 25mm,, 20cm, 1 1,,, (3) ( 40mm, 25m 3 h, 35m, 380V),,,,, 1 100,,,,,, 199
,, (1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2), 0.08 0.1g cm 3, 92% 94%,, ph, 70%,,,,,, (3),,, 0.27 0.30g cm 3, 81% 83%,, 200 (4),,
g cm 3, 78.3%,,,,,, (5),,,, 0.15g cm 3, 82.5%, 2.,,,,, (1), ph,, 1.49g cm 3, 30.5%, 0.5 2.0mm,,,, (2),, ( ), 1.52g cm 3, 47%,,,,,,, (3),,,,,,,, 201
,,, ph, 0.25g cm 3, 133.5%,,,, (5), 0.07 0.2g cm 3, 91% 97%, 4,, 1.5mmol kg,,,,,,,,,,,, (6),,,,, ;, ; 95%, ; 65 30 50 45, ;,,,, ;,,,, 202 90%
, (7),,,,,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,, 50mg L, ;, ; ph,,,,,,, ; ph ph, :,,,,,,,,,, 203
, 1.,,, (1) ; (2), g cm 3,,,, 0.1 0.8g cm 3 (3),, ;, 55% 95% (4), 1mm, ; 0.001 0.1mm, 1 2 4 2. (1),, (2), (3) ph, H +, ph 204
ph K + Ca 2 +, ph, Fe 3 + Zn 2 +, ph 5.5 6.5,,,,, : (1) ( 3 4 ),,,,,,,, (2),,,, (3),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 205
50 100mL,,, 2 3,,,,,,, ph, : ;, ;, ; ; ph ( 6.0 8.0 ) ; ph ;,, 16 CO 2, H 2 O,,, 11,, ; 206
, : 5 15mmol L 0 3mmol L 0.7 1.3mmol L 2 8mmol L 3 5mmol L 0.5 2mmol L 0.5 2mmol L; 0.1 1.0mg L 0.1 1.0mg L 0.02 0.2mg L 0.01 0.1mg L 0.01 0.1mg L, ( EC ) ms cm ( ),,,,,,, 5 2 5 2 kpa 30. 3975 91.1925 151.8975 mmol L, 20 12 37 62 ms cm 0.83 2.5 4.2 g L 0.83 2.5 4.2 1.,,,,, 5 3,,, 207
NO N,,,, :,,, ; ph,,,, ( FeEDTA) ;,,, 5 3 mg L ( NO 3 N) ( NH 4 N) 70 210 0 40 15 50 80 400 40 160 10 50 1.0 5.0 0.1 1.0 0.1 1.0 0. 02 0. 2 0. 01 0. 1 0. 01 0. 1 KNO 3 Ca ( NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O NH 4 NO 3 HNO 3 NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ( NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 NH 4 NO 3 ( NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ( NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 KH 2 PO 4 K 2 HPO 4 H 3 PO 4 KNO 3 KH 2 PO 4 K 2 HPO 4 K 2 SO 4 KCl Ca ( NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O CaCl 2 6H 2 O MgSO 4 7H 2 O FeEDTA H 3 BO 3 MnEDTA MnSO 4 4H 2 O MnCl 2 4H 2 O ZnEDTA ZnSO 4 7H 2 O CuEDTA CuSO 4 5H 2 O ( NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 Na 2 MoO 4 2H 2 O 2. ph ph 6.0 8.0, ph ph 5 4 208
4 ph ph 5.5 5.8 5.5 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 6.0 6.7 6.8 6.5 7.5 5.8 6.0 5.0 6.8 5.0 6.8 5.5 7.5 6.5 7.5 6.0 6.5 6.0 7.0 5.0 6.8 6.9 7.2 6.9 7.2 5.0 6.8 6.0 6.5 5.5 6.0 5.8 6.2 5.8 6.0 5.8 6.0 5.8 6.0 5.8 6.0 5.8 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.0 6.0 5.0 5.6 5.8 6.0 5.8 6.0 5.6 5.8 6.5 7.0 5.8 6.0 5.6 5.8 6.8 7.2 5.4 5.6 6.2 6.7 6.8 6.8 209
ph.6 5.8 5.8 6.0 5.8 6.0 5.8 6.0 5.5 7.0 5.5 6.5 5.6 5.8 5.4 5.6 5.6 6.0 4.0 6.0 5.8 6.5 5.5 6.0 3.,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 4.,,, :, ;, 5 5 210
5 1,, 2, 3,,,,, 4,, ph 5,, 6,,,, 7,,, 8, 9,,,,,, 10,, 11,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 211
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,, 5 6,,,,,,, ;,, ph, 212
5 6 ( mg L) 1. 2. 3. 4. Ca ( NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O ( NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 KNO 3 KH 2 PO 4 Ca ( NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O ( NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 KNO 3 KH 2 PO 4 MgSO 4 7H 2 O Ca ( NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O ( NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 KCl MgSO 4 7H 2 O Ca ( NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O ( NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 KNO 3 KH 2 PO 4 MgSO 4 7H 2 O 945 132 404 493 708 264 404 488 493 354 264 74 493 59 529 303 204 492 5. NH 4 NO 3 KNO 3 KH 2 PO 4 CaCl 2 6H 2 O MgSO 4 7H 2 O 72 202 272 222 246,,,,,,,,,, 5 7 213
, 10mL 5 7 (mg L) H 2 BO 3 MnSO 4 4H 2 O ZnSO 4 7H 2 O CuSO 4 5H 2 O ( NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 4H 2 O Na 2 Fe EDTA 300 150 20 10 3 2000 3. 1) 100 200,,,, A B, 2) EC,, EC, 3) EC EC (1), 1, 900 (2) A B, EC 2.2mS cm 10 A, 10 B, 1 214 (3) 20
ph, (5) ph ph, EC, 4. 1),,,,,,,, 2),,,,,,,,,,,,, 3), 1 3, 5 10, 20% 30%, 2 1, 15 30,,,, 215
,,,,,,, 4), 1,, 2, 5),,,,,, 95 1 95, 30 216
,,,,, 200m,,,,,, 5 : ( ) ( 6 1) 6 1 : 600m 2, 2.5 2.8m, 217
1 A 1 ( ) ; 2 ;3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 6 1 B 1 ( ) ; 2 ; 3 ; 3A. ; 3B. ; 3C. ; 3D. ; 4 ; 5, 30m 2, 50m 2,,,, 3 5, 220V 380V 6, ; 50m 2 200m 2,, 218
1 C : : 1 ; 2 ; 3 : : 1 ; 2 ; 3,, PVC,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 1) ( ),, 219
( 6 2),,,,, 38,, 30 40 m 2, 6 2 A ; B 2),, ( 6 3 ),, m 2, m 2 220 6 3 A ; B
,,,, 3) 6 7m, 0.8 1.0m, : 12cm ;,, ; 24cm, ( ),, 0.8m, 1.0m,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,,,,,,,, 6 4 221
4 1 ; 2 ; 3 24cm ; 4 ; 5 12cm ; 6 ; 7 :,,,,,,, 28, 10,,,, ;,,,, ( ), 800m 2, 3000m 2, 6000m 2,, 20000m 2 ( ), (1.5m ) 222
, ( ),, 30000m 2, 1,, ( ) 1. 600m 2 1500 m 2 = 90.0 800m 2 600 m 2 = 48.0 3000m 2 45 m 2 = 13.5 6000m 2 30 m 2 = 18.0 2. 10 5 2 0.6 1 ( 360L)3 1 20 4 : 173.5 1 0.78 1 0.38 1 0.15 1 0.8 ( ) 3 1.5 1 0.2 60 2 2 0.3 : 34.71 3. 5, 10 2 223
,, 0.5 0.05 20 2 10 20 1.5 0.4 1.5 :17.95 :226.16,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 30m 2, 2 : (1),,,, (2),, 80 100,, 224
180, 1 3 (3),,,,,,,, (4),, 4 10,, (5), 380V15A 3, 220V10A 3,, 50m 2, 3 4 : (1), (2) (3) : : 0.1 :,,,,, 225
( ) ph,, ph (5), (6), 4 6 (7), (8),, (9) 220V10A 10, 380V15A 8 (10),, : a. :,,, 3cm 15cm b. :,,,, 50mL 100mL 150mL 200mL c. :, 6cm 9cm 12cm d. :,,,,, e.,,,,,,,, 226
,,,,,,,, (11),,, (12 ), 10mL 25mL 50mL 100mL 200mL 500mL 1000mL 25mL 50mL 100mL 200mL 500mL 1000mL 2000mL, 0.1mL 0.2mL 0.5mL 1mL 5mL (13) (14) a. : 16 25cm, b. :, 18 25cm c. : d. : (15), 5 6, ( 0.45 m ) (16), 1 3 227
,,,,,, 25,,,, 40% 0.5%, 70% 2%, 20,, 10m 2,, ;,,,, 50m 2, 8 10 : (1),,,, :,,,,, 380V,,, ( ),,,, 228
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2) 1 (20cm ), 1, 500mL,,, 1 2, (3),,,,, (4), (5),,,, (6), 130cm 50cm 160cm, 4, 30cm 229
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 200m 2, 1 2 : (1),,,,,,,,,,,, 200cm, 6, 30cm, 20cm, 60cm, 126cm 40W 2 3,, 20 30cm 150mL 150, 500mL 70 230
400 0.76m 2,,,,,, (2),, (3),, 2, 25 2,,,,,,, (4),, (5),,, 4 5,, (6), (7),, 231
, 1 (8),,,,, HgCl 2,,, 3 5,,,, ( ), 1 2, 200V10A 10 20,,,, 232
m 2, 3000m 2, 6000m 2, 30000m 2 10 15 3 : (1),,, (2), (3), 25000m 2 : (1) : CO 2 ( ), (2),,,,,,, (3),,,, 24 30kg m 2, 45kg m 2 ( 8 9 ),, 233
(4),, a. :, b. :,,,, :,, :, :,,,,,, ;,,, :,,, :,, 234
c :,, d. :,,, ( ) 3 :, 12 ( ) :,, :, 20 250, 7m,,,,,, : a.,,, ;, 1 2 b.,,,,,, 60 100cm,,,,,,, 235
, 6 5 6 5 236
,, :,,,, : 1.,,,,, ;, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 237
,,,,,, 100, 1000,,, ph,,,, 125, 20,,,,,,, 1,,,,,,,,,,,,, 238
,, 239
,,,,,,,,, 1998,,,,,,,,, WTO,,,,,,,,,,, 240
,,, : 1.,,,, ;,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,, 241
,,, 4., : ;, 5.,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ;,,, 1.,,,,,,, 242
,,,,,,,,,,,, 2., (1),, (2),,,,,,,,, (3),,,,,, 243
,,,,,,,, 3.,, ;, ;,,,,, ( y) ( n) ( x) ( m) y = m x n 5 1, 365 35 = 10.4 n = 10, 5, x = 5,, y = 1 5 10 = 976,,, =,,,, 244
, 4.,,,,,,,, 5.,,,,,, 6.,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. (1),,,,, (2), 245
, (4),, 2.,,,,,, 1) (1),,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, (2) ( ), ( ),, (3) ( ), 246
,, 2) (1) a. ; b. ; c. (2) a. ; b. ; c. ; d. ; e. 3. : (1) (2),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 247
,,,, 7 1,, ( ),,,, 7 1 : :,, : ( ) : :, : : : : 248
,, (1), (2), (3), = +,,,, = - - -,,, 7 2, 130 ( ), ( ) 249
42.69% 26.68% 8.25% ( ) 7 2 130 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 5 1 0.9 600 1350 1951 4 20 1 0.9 600 600 1201 5 80 1 4 600 600 1204 15.05 6 320 1 15 600 600 5 1220 3. 81 7 1280 2 55 600 1170 20 1845 1. 44 8 5120 8 221 1200 1360 80 2861 0. 56 9 20480 32 887 1800 2110 320 5117 0. 25 10 81920 131 3538 6750 5200 1278 16766 0. 20 11 327680 524 14155 27000 17680 5119 63954 0. 20 12 1310720 2097 56622 108000 67500 20880 253002 0. 19 : (1 ) 12, 25 2 (2) 2. 0, 1. 0, ( 11 3 ) 14 m 2 ( 3) 20, 500, 375, 80 (4 ) MS 4.5, 25, 0.18 (5 ) ( ), 8 %, 2.09 (6 ) 4, 30 (7 ) 10 % (8 ) 10 % (9 ) 20 %,,,,,, : (1),, 61.48% 250
, 24.66% 45.91% WTO,, (2),,,,,,,, 1, 3, 70% 100%, (3),,,,,, (4),,,, 10%, 25%, (5) 20% 40%, : a.,,,,, b.,,, 4000 c.,,, ph 5.8,, 251
d,,, (6),, 5%,, (7),,, (8),,,,,, (9),,,,, (10),,, 5%, 250 500mL, 1 8,,,,,,,,, 252
(11),,,, (12),,,,, : (1),, (2),,,,, (3),,,,,,,, 253
1 NH 4 NO 3 80.4 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 132.15 CaCl 2 2H 2 O 147.02 Ca ( NO 3 ) 2 4H 2 O 236.16 MgSO 4 7H 2 O 246.47 KCl 74.55 KNO 3 101.11 KH 2 PO 4 136.09 NaH 2 PO 4 156.01 H 3 BO 3 61.83 CoCl 2 6H 2 O 237.93 CuSO 4 5H 2 O 249.48 MnSO 4 4H 2 O 223.01 KI 166.01 Na 2 MoO 4 2H 2 O 241.95 ZnSO 4 7H 2 O 287.54 Na 2 EDTA 2H 2 O 372.25 (C 10 H 14 N 2 O 8 Na 2 2H 2 O) FeSO 4 7H 2 O 278.03 FeNa EDTA (C 10 H 12 FeN 2 NaO 8 ) 367.07 C 6 H 12 O 6 180.15 C 6 H 12 O 6 180.15 C 6 H 14 O 6 182.17 C 6 H 14 O 6 182.17 C 12 H 22 O 11 342.31 254
C) C 6 H 8 O 6 176.12 ( H ) C 10 H 16 N 2 O 3 S 244.31 ( B 5 ) ( C 9 H 16 NO 5 ) 2 Ca 476.53 B 12 C 63 H 90 CoN 14 O 14 P 1357.64 L C 3 H 7 NO 2 S HCl 157.63 ( B C, M) C 19 H 19 N 7 O 6 441.40 C 6 H 12 O 6 180.16 ( B 3 ) C 6 H 5 NO 2 123.11 ( B 6 ) C 8 H 11 NO 3 HCl 205.64 ( B 1 ) C 12 H 17 ClN 4 OS HCl 337.29 C 2 H 5 NO 2 75.07 L C 5 H 10 N 2 O 3 146.15 ( P CPOA) C 8 H 7 O 3 Cl 186.59 2.4 D (2. 4 ) C 8 H 6 O 3 Cl 2 221.04 IAA ( ) C 10 H 9 NO 2 175.18 IBA ( ) C 12 H 13 NO 2 203.24 NAA ( ) C 12 H 10 O 2 186.2 NOA ( ) C 12 H 10 O 3 202.2 Ad ( ) C 5 H 5 N 5 3H 2 O 189.13 AdSO 4 ( ) ( C 5 H 5 N 5 ) 2 H 2 SO 4 2H 2 O 404.37 BA, BAP, 6 BA ( ) C 12 H 11 N 5 225.26 2 ip ( ) C 10 H 13 N 5 203.25 KT ( ) C 10 H 9 N 5 O 215.21 SD8339 [ 6 ( ) 9 C 17 H 19 N 5 O 309.4 (2 ) H ] ZT ( ) C 10 H 13 N 5 O 219.25 GA 3 ( ) C 19 H 22 O 6 346.37 (ABA) C 15 H 20 O 4 264.31 C 22 H 25 NO 6 399.43 ( PG ) C 6 H 6 O 3 126.11 255
A Ad Ade LR ( ) ABA lx ( ) AC ME aic mg ( ) ARAB min AR ( ) ml BA BAP 6 BA 6 mm ( ) m mol CCC mol.wt. CEDP NAA CH PBA CJ PEG CM PG cm ( ) ph 6 ( ) 9 (2 ) 9H CP ( ) PVP 2.4 D 2.4 RNA 2.4 DB 2.4 rpm( = r min ) DNA S EDTA 2.4.5 T 2.4.5 FW V GA 3 VB 1 g ( ) VB 3 Vpp GR ( ) VB 5 ha ( ) VB 6 IAA VB 12 IBA V BC in vito V C in vivo VH 2ip IPA YE kg ( ) ZT, Zt, Z KT Kt K m L l ( ) mol LH 256
= 95%, 70% : 95% 70mL ( ), 95mL ( ), 70% 95%, 70mL, x, 95mL, : 95% 70 = x 95, x = 70% 1N ( HCl ) ( 1.19 ) 82.5mL, 1000mL, 1N 1N (NaOH) 40g, 1000mL, 1N 257
mg L mol mg L mol NAA 2, 4 D IAA IBA BA KT ZT GA 3 1 5.371 4.524 5.708 4.921 4.439 4.647 4. 547 2.887 2 10.741 9.048 11.417 9.842 8.879 9.293 9. 094 5.774 3 16.112 13.572 17.125 14. 763 13.318 13.940 13.641 8.661 4 21.483 18.096 22.834 19. 684 17.757 18.586 18.188 11.548 5 26.853 22.620 28.542 24. 605 22.197 23.231 22.735 14.435 6 32.223 27.144 34.250 29. 526 26.636 27.282 27.282 17.323 7 37.594 31.668 39.959 34. 447 31.075 32.526 31.829 20.210 8 42.965 36.193 45.667 39. 368 35.515 37.173 36.376 23.097 9 48.339 40.717 51.376 44. 289 39.954 41.820 40.923 25.984 186.20 221. 04 175.18 203.18 225.26 215.21 219.00 346.37 258
mol mg L mol mg L NAA 2, 4 D IAA IBA BA KT ZT GA 3 1 0.1862 0.2210 0.1752 0.2032 0.2253 0. 2152 0.2197 0. 3464 2 0.3724 0.4421 0.3504 0.4064 0.4505 0. 4304 0.4394 0. 6927 3 0.5586 0.6631 0.5255 0.6094 0.6758 0. 6456 0.6591 1. 0391 4 0.7448 0.8842 0.7007 0.8128 0.9010 0. 8608 0.8788 1. 3855 5 0.9310 1.1052 0.8759 1.0160 1.1263 1. 0761 1.0985 1. 7319 6 1.1172 1.3262 1.0511 1.2192 1.3516 1. 2913 1.3182 2. 0782 7 1.3034 1.5473 1.2263 1.4224 1.5768 1. 5065 1.5379 2. 4246 8 1.4896 1.7683 1.4014 1.6256 1.8021 1. 7217 1.7576 2. 7710 9 1.6758 1.9894 1.5766 1.8288 2.0273 1. 9369 1.9773 3. 1173 259
1 36 2 37 3 38 4 39 5 40 6 41 7 42 8 43 9 44 10 45 11 46 12 47 13 48 14 49 15 50 16 51 17 52 18 53 19 54 20 55 21 56 22 57 23 58 24 59 25 60 26 61 27 62 28 63 29 64 30 65 31 66 32 67 33 68 34 69 35 70 260
71 104 72 105 73 106 74 107 75 108 76 109 77 110 78 111 79 112 80 113 81 114 82 115 83 116 84 117 85 118 86 119 87 120 88 121 89 122 90 123 91 124 92 125 93 126 94 127 95 128 96 129 97 130 98 131 99 132 100 133 101 134 102 135 103 261
.., 1996. 32 ( 4) : 284.,.. :, 1996..., 1985. 5: 34 36..., 1998..., 1990. 26 ( 3) : 46.... :, 1991.,.., 1987. 3: 37 38..., 1983. 3 : 46.,.., 1985. 2: 43..., 1985. 6 (3 ) : 2 4..., 2001..., 1985..., 1985. 6: 42..., 1996 (4) : 1..., 1999 (6 ) : 501 506..., 1989. 22 (2 ) : 149.,,.., 1987. 28 ( 3) : 336 339...,. 1991. (61 ).., 1983.10 (2 ) : 125 128..., 1987. 2 : 54 55.,.., 1990 (1 ) : 52..., 1984. 11 (2 ) : 123 128..., 1989. 24 (1 ) : 40..... :, 1991. 262
., 1987. 5: 47..., 1991. 27 ( 4) : 293... :, 2001.,.., 1982. 9 (4) : 65 68..., 1997. 3 ( 3) : 208.,.., 1983. 4 : 43.,.,., 1983. 6: 38 39.,.., 1984. 11 (1 ) : 47 48..., 1987. 5 (1) : 35.,.., 1991. 15 (3 ) : 19 25..., 1997. 13 ( 3) : 59..., 1985. 3: 30..., 1986. 13 ( 1) : 55 60..., 1979. 3: 1 9..., 1980.,.. :, 1988...,. :, 1993. 244..., 1987. 3 : 38..., 1987. 2: 29..., 1983. 9 (2) : 105 114... :, 1986.,.. :, 1989..., 1985. 4 : 39... :, 1994..., 1987. 3: 40..., 1997 ( 3) : 59.,.., 1984. 2: 35 36.,.. :, 1991,.., 1986. 2: 44 45.,.., 1988. 4: 64 69.,.. :, 1991..., 1984. 10 (4 ) : 39. 263
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