01
1.. 380~780nm 3. 4. 5. (Long-cone cell) (Red-cone cell) (Medium-cone cell) (Green-cone cell) (Short-cone cell) (Blue-cone cell) 6. 7. 8. 1 9. 10. c= f λ hc E = hf = λ c n = v (Snell s law) n1(sin θ1) = n(sin θ) θ B tan n = n 1 I = I0 cos θ
CHAPTER 01 (electromagnetic wave, EM wave) (rod cell) (cone cell) (~10 14 Hz) 400~700nm 380~780nm 380~780nm 1-1 X (x-rays) (ultraviolet, UV) (infrared radiation, IR) (microwave) (radio waves) (invisible) 1-1-1 c= f λ (1-1) f c 3 10 8 m/s λ 1-1 380 780 nm 3
1- (λ) (f ) (wave theory) (Huygens) (Young) (double-slit interference) (single-slit diffraction) 1873 (Maxwell) 1-1-5 1-3 ρ E = ε 0 B E = t B = 0 E B = μ0j + μ 0ε0 t (1-) (1-3) (1-4) (1-5) 1-3 4
CHAPTER 01 (corpuscular theory) (Newton) 1905 (Albert Einstein) (Planck) 1-4 191 (Wave Particle Duality) 1-4 (frequency) (wavelength) (photons) (quanta) 1-6 E = hf (1-6) E h 6.66 10-34 1-1 1-6 1-7 hc E = (1-7) λ 1-7 5
UVA UVB UVA 30~400 nm UVB 80~30 nm UVB UVA UVA UVB 1 500 nm 34 8 hc (6.66 10 )(34 10 ) E = = = 1 λ 500 10 19 4 10 ( ) J 1eV1.6 10-19 1 4.0 10 J E 19 1.6 10 J / ev.5 ev 兩 1-1 6
CHAPTER 01 1-1 (nm) (THz) 780 ~ 60 385~485 60 ~ 590 485~510 590 ~ 570 510~55 570 ~ 495 55~605 495 ~ 475 605~630 475 ~ 450 630~665 450 ~ 380 665~790 1-5 1-5 (rod cell) (cone cell) 1-6 (long cone) (medium cone) (short cone) red cone) (green cone) (blue cone) 7
1-6 575nm L-Cone M-Cone S-Cone 8
CHAPTER 01 1-7 (point source of light) (wavefronts) 1-7 1-8 1-8 1-7 (light rays) (beam) 9
1-9 (diverging) (converging) (parallel) (astigmatic) (diverging beam) 1-7 1-9(a) (converging beam) 1-9(b) (parallel beam) 1-9(c)1-8 (astigmatic beam) 1-9(d) (Huygens principle) 1-10(a) 1-10(b) 1-9 (a) (b) (c) (d) 10
CHAPTER 01 1-10 (a) (b) (vergence) (curvature) (diopters) D (m) 1-11 0.1 m 10.00 D 0.5 m 4.00 D 1m 1.00 D 11
m 1-1 0.1 m 0.5 m 1 m 10.00 D 4.00 D 1.00 D 0 (ft) 6 (m) 1-11 0.1 m 0.5 m 1 m 10.00 D 4.00 D 1.00 D 1
CHAPTER 01 1-1 0.1 m 0.5 m 1 m 10.00 D 4.00 D 1.00 D (optically denser) (optically rarefied) (refractive index) 1-8 1- (index of refraction or refractive index) n c n = (1-8) v n v c 13
1-1.000 1.333 (CR39) 1.498 (MR-7) 1.670 (MR-8) 1.600 1.53 (Trivex) 1.53 (Polycarbonate, PC) 1.586 Essilor Airwear (plastic) 1.590 Essilor Thin & Lite (plastic) 1.670 1.740 (primary medium) (secondary medium) (refraction) 1-13(a) θ 1 n glass 1.5 1-13(a) θ 1-13(b) A B B A (Principle of Light Reversibility) 1-13 (a) (b) 14
CHAPTER 01 (Fermat s Principle) A B B 0 A ds = d ndl = 1-14 A B 1-14 v 1 c = n 1 v c = n x + y ( l x) + y tx ( ) = + v v 1 1 x t(x) 0 15
dt( x) x ( l x) = = 0 dx v x + y1 v ( l x) + y 1 x ( l x) = v x + y v ( l x) + y 1 1 sinθ = 1 sinθ = x x + y 1 ( l x) ( l x) + y v(sin θ ) = v(sin θ ) 1 1 n(sin θ ) = n (sin θ ) (1-9) 1 1 n 1 n θ 1 θ (Snell s law) 16
CHAPTER 01 35 (n 1.7) 1-15 35 (Snell s law) n (sin θ ) = n (sin θ ) 1 1 1 (sin 35 ) = 1.7 (sin θ ) θ = 19.7 1-15 35 (n 1.7) 19.7 3 10 (n 1.6) 1-16(a) (Snell s law) n (sin θ ) = n (sin θ ) 1 1 1.6 (sin10 ) = 1 (sin θ ) θ = 16.13 17
38.68 n (sin θ ) = n (sin θ ) 1 1 1.6 (sin 38.68 ) = 1 (sin θ ) θ 90 1-16 (a) 10 16.13 (b) 38.68 90 (c) 38.68 1-16(b) 38.68 critical angle 1-16(c) (total internal reflection) 18
CHAPTER 01 1-17 1-17 ( linearly polarized light ) 1-18 1-18(a) (Brewster's angle, θ B ) 1-18(b) 90 θ B tan n = n 1 (1-10) 1-18 (a) (b) 19
1-19 1-19 θ I I I θ = 0 cos (1-11) I 0 1809 (Malus law) E 0 E 0 cos 0