- -2-3 -4-5
400 - (electron)(j. J. Thomson) 97.02 0 9 9. 0 2 0.000549amu amu=.0 0 24 + (proton)(neutron) - -amu amu=.0 0 24-2
- (amu) e 9.0 0 2 0.000549 P or H + +.73 0 24.0072 n 0.75 0 24.007-2 93 (Henry Moseley) X X (atomic number) (mass number) amu X Z A X 27 Al 3 3 4 3 3
X n+ n+ n X n n n - 39 K 32 S 2 27 3 9 3 Al 39 9 K ==9 =399=20 ==9 32 S 2 == =32= =+2= 27 Al 3 ==3 3 =273=4 =33=0 39 32 2 27 3 9 K S 3 Al 4
-3 3 29 Cu 5 29Cu 29 (isotope) 7 O O O -2-2 (amu) (%) H 2 D 3 T 3 2 He 4 He 2 3 Li 7 Li 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 0 2 2 3 4.007 2.04 3.005 3.003 4.002.05 7.00 99.95 0.05 0.0003 00 7.42 92.5 9 4 Be 4 4 5 9.022 00 0 5 B 5 B 2 C 3 4 C C 4 7 N 5 7 N 5 5 7 7 5 5 7 7 5 7 7 0.029.0093 2.0000 3.0033 4.0032 4.003 5.000 9. 0.4 9.9. 99.3 0.37 5
-2 O 7 (amu) (%) O O 9 0 5.9949.999 7.9992 99.759 0.037 0.204 9 9 F 9 9 0.994 00 20 0 Ne 2 0 22 0 Ne Ne 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 C 2amu 9.9924 20.9940 2.994 90.92 0.257.2-2 -2 (24amu) 79%+(25amu) 0%+(2amu) %=24.32amu -2 amu 2 C 2amu
9 Au β γ 0 Co -4 (shell), 2, 3-3 (subshell) n. n=k 2. n=2l 3. n=3m 4. n= -3 7
s, p, d, f, g, h s<p<d<f< n n= (s)... s n=2 s p... 2 s, 2p n=3 s, p d... 3 s, 3 p, 3d n=4 s, p, d f... 4 s, 4 p, 4 d, 4f s -4 p -5 p x, p y, p z d - d xy, d yz, d xz, d, 2 2 d 2 f x y z -4 s s -5 p
- d H 2-3 -7-3 d 5 0 n=3 p 3 s 2 n=2 p s 3 2 n= s 2 9
-7 n= n=4 (n=) s s(n=2) s 2s p 2p -7 s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s < 3d < 4p < 4d < 4f 4s<3d n - s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s < 3d < 4p < 5s < 4d - 0
-3 (A)2s(B)3d(C)4p(D)2d(E)4g n (C)4p - (C)4p n=2 2s, 2p 2dn=4 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f 4g (D)(E) -5 (electron configuration) (n=3) d s 2 p d 0 - H s 2s 2p
2 He 2 s 2 s 2s s 2p n A n [ ] 3 Al 3 s 2 2s 2 2p 3s 2 3p =[Ne]3s 2 3p 3s 2 3p 2+=3 B -4 [ ] 24 Cr, 29 Cu, 47 Ag 2
-4 3
d f 24Cr 29Cu s 2 2s 2 2p 3s 2 3p 4s 2 3d 4 s 2 2s 2 2p 3s 2 3p 4s 5 3d d s 2 2s 2 2p 3s 2 3p 4s 2 3d 9 s 2 2s 2 2p 3s 2 3p 4s 0 3d d -4 27 40 2 3 Al 20Ca 32 S 2 27 3 Al =3 s 2 2s 2 2p 3s 2 3p 3s 2 3p 2+=3 40 Ca 2 =202= 20 s 2 2s 2 2p 3s 2 3p 3s 2 3p 2+= 4
32 S 2 =+2= s 2 2s 2 2p 3s 2 3p 3s 2 3p 2+= -5 5 3 2 Fe 5 2 Fe s 2 2s 2 2p 3s 2 3p 3d 4s 2 5 Fe 3 3 2 s 2 2s 2 2p 3s 2 3p 3d 5 5
. 27 (A) 0 Co 27 (B) 0 Co 0 (C) 0 Co 3+ 30 (D) 0 Co 3+ 33 2. (A) (B) (C) (D),40 3. s 2 p (A)Ba (B)Fr (C)Xe (D)Rn 4. n=4 (A)4 (B) (C) (D)32 5. (Fe 2+ ) 24 5 (Fe 3+ ) (A)34 (B)32 (C)30 (D)22. 3 3d 5 (A)2 (B)2 (C)24 (D)22 7. ( 20 4 Po ) 9 ( 20 4 Po ) (A) 2 (B) 4 (C) p 4 (D). (A)s 2 2s 2 2p 5 (B)s 2 2s 2 2p (C)s 2 2s 2p 3s (D)s 2 2s 2 2p 3s 2
9. (A) (B) 7s 2 7p (C) (D). ()s 2 2p ()s 2 2s 2 2p ()s 2 2s 2 2p 2 x 2p y 2p z ()s 2 2s 2 2d ()s 2 2s 2 2p x 2p y 2p z ()s 2 2s 3 2p 5 () (2) (3) 2. () 5P (2) 9K (3) 27Co (4) 24Cr 7
2-2-2 2-3
2- (periodic table) (group) (period) 2-(nonmetals) (metals) (representative metals) (transitional metals) (inner transitional metals) (IUPAC) A B IA~VIIIA IB~VIIIB IA VIIA s p IA (alkaline metal)iia (alkaline earth metal) IA VIIA (halogen) IIB ZnCdHg d d 0 VIIIA 20