1840,, : ;,, : ;,,,??,??, ( ), ; 19, 158
,,, ; 1640,, 200 18,,, 1492, 1498,, 1519 1522,, 16 300,,, 1588,,,, 17, 18, 19, 1815,,,,, ;,, 159
1998 4,,, 1498, 1591, 1600,,,,, 18,,, 1756 1763,,,,,, 1637, (Cou rteen A ssociation) (John W eddell),,, 8, 44 35,,,,, 17, H. B. M o rse, T he Ch ron icles of the E ast Ind ia Comp any T rad ing to Ch ina, 1635-1834 (, ) (O xfo rd, 1926), V o l. I, pp. 23, 192. 160
36, 18,,,,, 1787 (Charles Cathcart),,,,,,, 1878 6 10 (Straits of Banka),,, 1792 (Geo rge M acartney),, (H. D undas),, ( ),,,, 27 30 ;, ( ) 1792 9,,, 1994, 21 23 27 30 2, G 161
1998 4, 9 8, 14, 10 3, : (1) ; (2),, ; (3), ; (4) ; (5) ; (6),, :,,,,,, :,,,,, 1793 10 7, 1794 3 1815,,, 1816 2, (W. P. Am herst), (Castlereagh), ; ;, 1816 8, 2, 225 : 118, :, 1985, 21 26 3, 162
,,,,,,,,, 1825 1820 6,,,,,,,, 1836, (M elbou rne) (Palm erston) : :,!, 109,, : 23, :, 1989, 1 :, 1958, 42 :, 1985, 185, 115 163
1998 4, 1834,,,,,, 17,,, ( ), 1757,,, 1816,,, ; 1833, :,,,, (N ap ier),,,, 34, 129 Ch inese R ep ository, V o l. 2, N o. 6 (1833), pp. 355-373. 164
,,,,, 300, ( ),,,, 18 70,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 18,,, 1750, 21543, 18, 152242 1760 1764, B ritish P a rliam en ta ry P ap ers, Ch ina, V o l. 30, Corresp ond ence relative to the Op ium W ar in Ch ina, 1840 ( Irish U niversity P ress, 1971)pp. 242 243. 165
1998 4 806242 ; 1825 1829, 5940541,,,, 1833 1834, 451565,,, 1730 1860 130, 9000 1, 316 4,,,, 18, 18 70,,,,, 19 20,,,, 1800 1821, 1996, 129 130 :, 1955, 13, 11 : 1, 1963, 231, 4 166
4000, 1824 1825 12434, 1838 35500 (,, ), ;,,,,, 1838 6 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1826,,,,,,,,, 156 :, 1989, 18 : 1, 1992, 254 255 :, 1965, 598 601 167
1998 4,, (T. D en t) (A. Jardine) :,,,,, 1838 11 9,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1839 10 1,, :,, 1976, 169 :, 1800 1842, 1961, 128, 1800 1842, 97 ;, 18, 280 281 1958 4, 21 27 168
,, ( ),,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 48 49 169
1998 4,, : (1),, 17 300,, 19 20,,,,,,,,,, 1637 18 50 (Jam es F lin t), 1793,, 1816 ( ),,,,, (2) 19 30,,,,,, 170
,,,,, 1834,, (3),,,,?, 19 30,,, (J. F. D avis) (G. B. Rob in son), 1836 : ( ), Chang H sin2pao, Comm issioner L in and the Op ium W ar ( Cam bridge, M ass., H arvard U niversity P ress, 1964), p. 15., 31 Ch inese R ep ository, V o l. 3, N o. 7 (1834). 171
1998 4,,,,,,, 1836 12, 1837 11 19,,,,,, 1839 4 3,,,,,,,, 1839 10 1 18, :,, T im e, V o l. 120, N o. 41 (O cṫ 1982) :, 1993, 233 235, F. O. 17g31 172
1998 4,,,,,,, 1836 12, 1837 11 19,,,,,, 1839 4 3,,,,,,,, 1839 10 1 18, :,, T im e, V o l. 120, N o. 41 (O cṫ 1982) :, 1993, 233 235, F. O. 17g31 172